1 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to Start a New Business

An entrepreneur is a person who creates , launches, and begins a new business, typically in response to a market demand that has not been met. Entrepreneurs are often imaginative, self-motivated individuals who develop full-time, successful, and sustainable businesses. Successful entrepreneurs frequently have relevant insights, expertise, and advice they may offer aspiring on their respective paths. Interviewing entrepreneurs to aid     1     might provide insight into the steps they took     2     (achieve) success. Here is the interview of entrepreneur-related questions , and you will find more preparations for it.

Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur?

Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies     3     (know) as an entrepreneur. During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society,     4     (develop) an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm. Suppose a business idea does not center on producing a product that fills a gap in the     5     (exist) market. In that case, it most often centers on applying technical advancements to simplify the process of obtaining a product or service.

Question: How do entrepreneurs identify business prospects?

Answer: Entrepreneurs routinely seek chances to expand or increase their company’s revenues. They determine which product to include and which market to enter. An entrepreneur should listen to prospective customers and look for chances to build items that meet their demands. An entrepreneur can determine     6     other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry-specific materials. Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences,     7     they may use to enhance a firm..

Question: What makes an entrepreneur successful?

Answer:     8     an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager of others. To achieve success, you must possess a wide range of abilities. An entrepreneur must be able to manage people, a budget, operations, and in certain cases , investors. It necessitates a work style     9     (characterize) by multitasking and planning for the firm’s short- and long-term goals.     10     successful entrepreneur must be able to spend his time wisely, regularly analyzing and prioritizing projects based on their relevance and significance. It includes engaging in short- and long-term planning, economic forecasts, and market research.

2 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Anthony was born in a beautiful town. The local environment was particularly good and the people were caring and attached importance to hygiene (卫生). In the blink of an eye, Anthony was in high school. For more than a decade, he developed the habit as the other people in the town.

Then he went on to university. He got along with his classmates because he had a kind heart and was always ready to help others. He even set up an organization aimed at guiding people to pay attention to the hygiene in the campus. He received an award from the school for this.

After graduating from university, Anthony came to New York to attend an interview for a job. He wanted to work for a software design company. But it would be difficult for him because the company was very famous and there were many people going for the interview. But Anthony did not feel discouraged and wanted to give it a try. He prepared a lot in advance, including the history, the culture and the current situation of the company.

The day of the interview came quickly. As he had expected, there were many interviewees. He was told that there were only 10 positions available, but he still felt confident. The interviewees were all waiting on the ground floor and the office where the interview took place was located on the third floor. The interviewees went to the interview in turn. One by one, they went upstairs but came down quickly. Anthony thought to himself that the interviews were too fast and felt worried.

Finally it was Anthony’s turn. He stood up and headed upstairs. At the corner of the second floor stairs were an empty bucket and two mops (拖把). One of them was dry and the other one was wet. The wet one was on the floor, slowly dripping (滴落) down with dirty water.

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Anthony saw it and walked up to it.
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The interviewer looked at Anthony with a smile.
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3 . 假如你是李华，正在澳大利亚某中学学习。你在网上看到当地一家教育机构招聘一名中文教学助理（teaching assistant），主要负责给儿童读中文绘本。请给负责人Ms. Brown写一封信申请该职位。
内容包括：
1．写信目的；2．个人优势；3．希望获准。
注意：写信词数应为80词左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . In the fog of uncertainty about how new technology will change the way we work, policymakers around the world have flocked to the same idea. No matter what the future brings, they say confidently, we will need to upskill the workforce in order to cope.

The view sounds reassuringly sensible. If computers are growing smarter, humans will need to learn to use them to humans’ advantage. Otherwise, they may run the risk of being replaced by computers.     1     .

Research published by the Social Mobility Commission shows that workers with degrees are over three times more likely to participate in training as adults than workers with no qualifications. That creates a virtuous circle for those who did well at school, and vicious circle for those who did not. If the robots are coming for both the accountants and the taxi drivers, you can bet the bean counters will be more able to retrain themselves out of danger.

    2     In the UK, the government introduced an “apprenticeship levy” a few years ago in an attempt to force employers to spend more on training. A surprising number have responded by sending their senior managers on “apprenticeships” at business schools.

It is no good criticizing employers for directing investments at their highly skilled workers. They are simply aiming for the highest return they can get. And, for some types of lower-paid work, it is not always true that technological progress requires more skills. The UK’s latest Employment and Skills Survey, which is performed every five years, suggests the use of literacy and numeracy skills at work has fallen since 2012, even as the use of computers has increased. The trouble is, when the computer makes your job easier one day, it might make it unnecessary the next. Many of those affected by automation will need to switch occupations, or even industries.     3    

It is time to revisit older ideas. The UK once had an energetic culture of night schools, for adults to attend after their day jobs. These institutions have been disappearing due to funding cuts. But a revival of night schools could be exactly what the 21st century needs.     4     They can also explore interests they never had a chance to nurture before.

It is still not clear whether the impact of new technology on the labour market will come in a trickle or aflood. But in an already unequal world, continuing to reserve all the lifeboats for the better-off would be a dangerous mistake.

A．Employers also invest more in better educated workers by launching employer-sponsored cmployee education programs.

B．According to an Oxford University study, nowadays employers are more likely to hire the first-year apprentices.

C．Rather than just “upskilling” in a narrow way, people could choose to learn an entirely new skill or trade.

D．But the truth is, the people who are being “upskilled” in today’s economy are the ones who need it the least.

E．People can effectively train or upskill themselves to meet their specific professional needs.

F．But a retailer or warehouse company is not going to retrain its staff to help them move to a different sector.

5 . My students frequently ask me how I planned out my career to become president of Fidelity Investments. I always tell them, “There was no grand plan; I backed into my career one step at a time.” In this tough economy and ever-changing world, it is more important than ever to smartly evaluate each step in your career. To prepare for whatever surprises lie ahead, try to make choices today that will maximize your options in the future.     1    

Gaining transferable (可转移的) knowledge begins with the choices you make at school. You want your education to provide you with the necessary skills and expertise to succeed in a wide variety of jobs.     2     I favor those that involve extensive writing, rigorous analysis, or quantitative skills.

Once you have finished your formal education, search for jobs that will allow you to further expand your transferable knowledge—to help you find your next job. Let’s say you take a job putting together airplane leases. Within a few years, you could become the world’s expert on the subject.     3     By contrast, if you take a job that will expand your computer programming skills, you can greatly boost your options for later steps in your career.

Remember gaining transferable knowledge is only one piece of the puzzle.     4     As a saying goes, “Organizations don’t hire people. People hire people.” The more people you know, the more people will think of you when a job pops open—even when it is not publicly advertised.

Of course, you can build your network to some degree without changing jobs.     5     But this sort of event-driven networking pales in comparison with the deep bonds you can develop with your colleagues by working, communicating, and traveling with them.

A．You can make yourself more attractive.

B．Gain transferable expertise and form close bonds with your colleagues.

C．Your next step should help you expand your web of personal relationships.

D．This later helped me evaluate and start business units throughout the world.

E．You can attend conferences or participate in committees at trade associations.

F．This means that you need to make smart choices about the courses you will follow.

G．However, this narrow expertise probably won’t help you in any other line of work.

6 . Jobs that use both technical and creative thinking are among the fastest-growing and highest-paying ones, according to a new report from Burning Glass Technologies, a job market analytics (分析) company in Boston.

It studied millions of job postings to better understand the skills companies require. What they discovered was that many want workers with experience in such new abilities as big-data (数据) gathering and analytics, or design using digital technology.

Burning Glass came up with the term “hybrid jobs” to describe these kinds of positions, which require skills not normally found together. For example, these hybrid jobs might require people with skills in data science and advertising, or engineering and sales. “The jobs of the future don’t involve just one skill,” says Matt Sigelman, chief manager of Burning Glass.

The company expects general job growth of about 10% between 2018 and 2028, but the hybrid jobs by 21%. What’s more, hybrid jobs pay more than positions that call for a traditional set of skills. For example, a marketing manager mastering a database program gets paid 41% more than a traditional one, with an average yearly salary of $100, 000. Moreover, an engineer who improves her sales skills and becomes a consulting engineer for a software company can more than double her pay from $180, 000 to $400, 000.

While data shows that workers who fail to update their skills will be able to find fewer jobs, people in hybrid jobs are less likely to become out of date, with only 12% possibility of being replaced by machine, compared with 42% for general jobs, says Burning Glass. Hybrid jobs are mostly not beginner roles, so they mainly go to workers with years of experience and, most importantly, more training after leaving college. That means workers, bosses and educators will have to think about how to better prepare people for these roles.

1. Why did the company research into job advertisements?

A．To understand the growth of best paid workers.

B．To compare workers’ experience with new abilities.

C．To find out companies’ requirements about skills.

D．To tell the possible changes in future job market.

2. Which of the following jobs can be hybrid?

A．Data engineer.

B．Machine operator.

C．Marketing manager.

D．Medical consultant.

3. How much is a traditional marketing manager possibly paid every year?

A．$180, 000.

B．$71, 000.

C．$41, 000.

D．$10, 000.

4. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A．How to Get Trained for Jobs

B．The Skills for “Hybrid” Jobs

C．Future Jobs Requiring “Hybrid” Skills

D．Tips on Finding Fastest-Growing Jobs

7 . Why working from anywhere isn’t realistic

For most white-collar workers, it used to be very simple. Home was the place you left to go to work. The office was almost certainly where you were_________. Co-working spaces were for entrepreneurial people in T-shirts who wanted to hang out with other entrepreneurial people in T-shirts. You could stay at a hotel on a work trip, but it was not a place to get actual work done, which is why a hotel’s “business centre”_________all of business as using a printer.

The pandemic has thrown these neat_________up into the air. Most obviously, home is now also a place of work. According to a recent Gallup survey, three-quarters of American workers whose jobs can be performed_________expect to spend time doing just that in the future. And offices are increasingly where you go to put the company into company – through collaborative work and social activities.

_________, the boldest version of remote working extends well beyond these two locations. “Working from anywhere” imagines a completely_________existence, in which people can do their jobs in Alaska or Zanzibar. The idea sounds wonderful. Nevertheless, plenty of_________remain. Some are practical. The payroll and tax of working from different locations in a year are an administrative headache._________, working from anywhere is only feasible if your equipment functions reliably. If you spill suntan lotion on your laptop, the people on the hotel’s reception desk are more likely to offer you_________than a replacement computer.

Another set of obstacles is more__________. The carefree promise of working from anywhere is far easier to__________if you don’t have actual cares. Children of a certain age need to go to school; partners may not be able to work remotely and have careers of their own to manage.

The option to work from anywhere will be most attractive to people who have well-paid jobs and fewer__________: childless tech workers, say. For many other people, the “anywhere” in working from anywhere is a simple choice between their home and their office. That might be a recipe for__________within teams. Imagine dialing into a Zoom call covered in baby drool (口水), and hearing your colleague Greg saying how amazing Chamonix (法国城市夏蒙尼) is at this time of year.

Adding it to the menu of working options for sought-after employees__________. The working-from-anywhere policy will probably help employers attract better people. But for the foreseeable future, working from anywhere will be a bonus for a lucky few rather than a(n)__________for things to come.

1.

A．heading

B．resisting

C．worrying

D．navigating

2.

A．demanded

B．modified

C．defined

D．served

3.

A．programs

B．means

C．cases

D．categories

4.

A．solely

B．properly

C．responsibly

D．remotely

5.

A．However

B．Therefore

C．Instead

D．Besides

6.

A．isolated

B．unrestricted

C．sophisticated

D．distinguished

7.

A．principles

B．insights

C．barriers

D．arguments

8.

A．In other words

B．On the contrary

C．What’s more

D．After all

9.

A．compensation

B．enforcement

C．pressure

D．sympathy

10.

A．distinct

B．complicated

C．personal

D．unnoticeable

11.

A．realize

B．evade

C．vanish

D．make

12.

A．visions

B．descendants

C．perspectives

D．obligations

13.

A．jealousy

B．cooperation

C．fraud

D．interaction

14.

A．takes time

B．steals thunder

C．makes sense

D．works wonders

15.

A．review

B．blueprint

C．source

D．sacrifice

8 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．More frequent.

B．More attractive.

C．More successful.

D．More straightforward.

2.

A．Too few managers ever do it.

B．It can be useful in certain circumstances.

C．Experts are sometimes unwilling to give opinions.

D．It can help to have a whole grasp of the complex system.

3.

A．They may rely too much on details.

B．They may ignore some necessary information.

C．They can’t get in touch with employees.

D．They may not have access to the whole thing.

10 . Is loyalty in the workplace dead?

Just recently, Lynda Gratton, a workplace expert, proclaimed that it was. In The Financial Times, she said that it had been “killed off through _________ contracts, outsourcing, automation and multiple careers.”

It’s sad if this good virtue is now out of place in the business world. But the situation may be more _________. Depending on how you _________ it, loyalty may not be dead, but is just playing out differently.

Fifty years ago, an employee could stay at the same company for decades, said Tammy Erickson, an author and work-force consultant. Many were _________ longtime employment along with health care and a pension.

Now many companies cannot or will not hold up their end of the bargain, so why should the employees hold up theirs? Given the opportunity, they’ll take their skills and their portable retirement accounts elsewhere. These days, Ms. Gratton writes, _________ is more important than loyalty: “Loyalty is about the future - trust is about the present.”

Ms. Erickson says that the quid pro quo (交换物，报酬) of modern employment is more likely to be: As long as I work for you, I promise to have the relevant skills and _________ fully in my work; in return you’ll pay me _________, but I don’t expect you to care for me when I’m 110.

For some baby boomers, this _________ has been hard to accept. Many started their careers _________ that they would be rewarded based on tenure (任职).

A longtime employee who is also productive and motivated is of enormous value, said Cathy Benko, chief talent officer at Deloitte. On the other hand, she said, “You can be with a company a long time and not be highly committed.”

Ms. Benko has seen her company shift its ____________ to employees’ level of engagement - or “the level at which people are motivated to deliver their best work” - rather than length of tenure.

Then there are the effects of the recent recession. Many people - if they haven’t been ____________- have stayed in jobs because they feel they have no choice. Employers may need to prepare for disruptions and turnover when the job market improves.

If the pendulum(摇摆不定的事态或局面) shifts, how will businesses persuade their best employees to stay? ____________ may do the trick, but not always. Especially with younger people, “you’re not going to buy extra loyalty with extra money,” Ms. Erickson said. ____________, employers need to make jobs more challenging and give workers more creative space, she said.

Loyalty may not be what it once was, but most companies will still be better off with at least a core of people who stay with them across decades.

If loyalty is seen as a ____________ to keep workers of all ages fulfilled, productive and involved, it can continue to be cultivated in the workplace - to the ____________ of both employer and employee.

1.

A．tightening

B．lengthening

C．shortening

D．loosening

2.

A．complicated

B．confused

C．difficult

D．conservative

3.

A．confine

B．convince

C．identify

D．define

4.

A．guaranteed

B．provided

C．supplemented

D．rewarded

5.

A．belief

B．trust

C．confidence

D．tolerance

6.

A．occupy

B．engage

C．sacrifice

D．involve

7.

A．rightly

B．immediately

C．exactly

D．fairly

8.

A．difference

B．exchange

C．shift

D．modification

9.

A．assuming

B．ensuring

C．assuring

D．approving

10.

A．focus

B．mind

C．faith

D．importance

11.

A．laid off

B．employed

C．valued

D．supported

12.

A．Salary

B．Money

C．Loyalty

D．Credit

13.

A．However

B．Rather

C．Therefore

D．Otherwise

14.

A．promise

B．compliment

C．commitment

D．command

15.

A．interest

B．sake

C．disadvantage

D．benefit