2 . Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which ________ clown doctors can be helpful.

I chose this ________ because of my experience of going to hospital when I was a kid. Although the doctors and nurses did a great job, hospitals weren’t really designed for ________. I stayed there feeling ________ and a little bored.

After years’ ________ training, I work as part of a program known as “hospital clowning”. Being a clown doctor means I can help people by ________ them.

One day, ________ my curly rainbow wig and big red nose, I walked into the waiting area, where there was a familiar atmosphere of ________ and tension. At that time I spotted a small girl ________ in pain, with her ankle was twice its ________ size. Her ________ parents were sitting ________ on plastic chairs, trying their best to comfort the nervous and crying girl.

While the doctor concentrated on ________ her ankle, I got her ________ by doing a magic trick. Although she was clearly still in some pain, her scared and anxious look had been ________ — first by a small smile and then by loud laughter as I ________ produced her sock from out of my pocket. Seeing their daughter so much happier ________ made her parents more relaxed. My magic medicine did indeed seem to ________.

Even today, I still ________ a big smile as I remember all the fun and laughter of the day. After all, it is true that ________ is the best medicine.

3 . I drove 12 miles to the county newspaper office one day. I had to sit outside and wait. Beside me lay a one-page short novel I had written, and I hoped to get it _______. “What if the publisher didn’t _______ it?” I thought to myself. I was on pins and needles, and every now and then, I stood up and walked back and forth.

Eventually, I was led to the publisher’s office by his secretary. I still felt _______, but the kind smile he shared with me soon made me _______. I didn’t even own a _______ at the time, so he had to read my handwritten _______. Then he said, “I couldn’t like it enough and I would include it in the next week’s _______.” I jumped with joy and said, “Thanks, sir.” But I expected even more.

I asked him if I could keep _______ for him each week. He thought for a moment and then _______. He even said he would pay me five dollars for each new thing I wrote. I was so ________ that I skipped and danced on the sidewalk when I went outside. Little did I know that moment would ________ my life.

That was almost 40 years ago. Now, I have my own studio and lead a better life. I ________ to write something new for my publisher—my friend each week. As I write, I ________. I’ve become a determined and patient person. Each time I learn something new, I ________ write it to get my friend to publish it. Without my friend, I would never be the ________ I am today.

4 . My father always told me: "All work is noble." He wasn't ________ , but he earned a reasonable living. Thanks to his ________ , I was able to go to Art College. I, however, wanted to do something ________ , something more interesting-I was special！

After graduation, I moved to New York in search of a graphic designer job. It was winter and, ever the optimist, I'd only brought enough money to ________ myself for about a month. I wasn't ________ -I was sure I'd find a fantastic job immediately.

Within a few weeks, though, I found myself wandering around the streets having been ________ by every design office in town. My hostel ________ was almost gone and I hadn't eaten in days. “How had I reached this point？""I wondered as I ________ in my thin jacket.

I was just about to ________ when my dad called. He suggested that I get a job in a ________ until something else came along. At first, pride made me _________. But I was cold, hungry, and unwilling to go home feeling ________ and defeated.

I entered an expensive-looking cafe near one of the design offices that had turned me away and asked the manager if they were ________. She said they were ________, and offered me a job right away.

________ , I found that I really enjoyed serving people. I started making big ________ right away. Later, the manager learned that I had a design ________ and asked me to design the cafe menus. That led to a part-time job at an advertising company.

Previously, I'd have never considered being a _________, but there I was. I ________ got my dream design job, but that winter I learned not to make ________ about work.

6 . When Susan woke up at five thirty a. m., the first thing she did was check her work e-mail at her kitchen table. She would spend a good forty-five minutes over coffee responding to questions. Then she ______ off on an hour-long journey to put in a ten-hour day as a key manager for a large company. Her job was ______ —conflicts to be negotiated and fires to be put out. By six p. m., she was already exhausted, __________ she usually felt it her duty to stay late or go out for or drinks with coworkers. Susan wanted to start her own __________, and was taking steps to __________ herself financially and professionally. However, most evenings she was too __________ to make much progress on her own business plan, and she __________ that she’d be stuck in her present job forever.

When Susan analyzed how she was spending her willpower, it was obvious that her __________ was getting a hundred percent. The kitchen-table e-mail session was a(n) __________ habit from when she was new to the job and eager to exceed expectations. But now, there was no good reason those e-mails couldn’t __________ until she got to the office at eight a. m. Susan decided that the only time of day she was likely to have the mental energy to pursue her own goals was __________ her workday. She made it her new __________ to spend the first hour of the day building her business, not __________ everyone else’s needs.

This was a smart move for Susan. It also __________ an important willpower rule: if you never seem to haw the time and energy for your “I will” challenge, schedule it for when you have the most __________.

7 . When I was a child, my father taught me five words that I’ve used all my life — in my acting career, as a mother, in my business activities. If I _________ that I was afraid of the dark, or if I seemed worried about meeting new people, Dad would say, “Stand porter to your find.”

A porter is a gatekeeper, who stands at a door _________ people in or out. Dad would get me to _________ myself stopping destructive things — such as fear — at the door, but saying “Come in” to faith, love and confidence.

As a(n) _________ before I went on camera, I’d make sure anxiety stayed out and confidence in my ability came in. As a mother, when I was _________ about my children, I would try not to let worry in but would _________ my mind with trust in them.

Of course, there were always times I’d _________ those words.

In 1972 my husband, Fillmore Crank, and I opened the doors to our own _________ in North Holly wood. This was a new business venture for us, and it was a lot more _________ and complicated than we had __________.

We were on call 24 hours a day. Something was always going wrong. Electricity went on the blink, food wasn’t delivered, employees called in sick. Once, a pandemic suddenly left us with no servants. Fillmore gave me a __________: scrub floors or do the laundry. For 10 days I folded enough king-size sheets to blanket the whole state of California.

Then there was the __________ crisis. The price of gasoline doubled, and tourism in California __________. How could we fill our beds? What if we kept losing money? What if we failed? Fear and worry were sneaking in. But I caught them just __________. I stood porter.

I stood in the door of my mind and sent fear packing.

These days at the hotel, whenever fear tries to register, I just smile and point to the sign that __________ No Vacancy.

8 . Migrant workers

In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have ____ most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the ____ in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to ____ outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.

In view of the ____ living and working conditions in the Middle East, surprising it is not that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a ____ attraction. An allied (联合的) benefit is the low ____ or a complete lack of it. This ____ the amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.

Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating (补偿的) advantage. ____, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. ____, many migrant workers can save large sum of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater ____ to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do ____ work in their home country.

One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are ____ ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be ____ since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this ____, along with others, because of the ____ financial benefits which they receive.

9 . As a music teacher, I will be retiring at the end of the current school year. When that checklist from the HR department about my __ plans for the next school year arrived, I was feeling __

My music room was in the basement. Heating pipes hung from the ceiling and large ___columns ran floor-to-ceiling,making __ challenging. I had seen kids come to school with bruises(擦伤)or cigarette burns on their arms. I had had my purse stolen. I had been pushed up against a wall and __ breathless by an angry eighth- grade girl.

When this year started,things were going much __.Kids were coming before school and during break to learn __ to play,and by Christmas,we had a concert band of 100 kids. Good behavior and fascinated attention led to __ rehearsals(排练).As the students' playing improved,I could see their pride and sense of __ grow.I hadn't even thought about the checklist. Then one afternoon, there it was. I picked it up, planning to go back to my office to sign it ___ But holding it in my hand,I was ___ by thoughts and emotions I hadn't anticipated. I felt like a mother __ her children. I have loved unexpected comments of kids. __ ,I have enjoyed the challenges of motivating the unmotivated as well as the 30-second conversations with teachers,making me embrace the___ learning and growing.

The checklist suddenly made me feel __,old and sad. I stood where I was, checked the box and sent it to the HR. Then I walked the long hallway back toward the music room...

10 . In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively dislike work and will do anything to _______ it. Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives.Theory Y is the view that everyone has the _______ to find satisfaction in work. Both of them are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity(僵化） of the model.

In any case, despite so much evidence to the _______, many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, _______ , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from above without _______. This, of course, makes for autocratic (专制的) managers.

Different cultures have different ways of managing people. Unlike _______ management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative _______ of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to _______ to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general _______. Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional ________ managers cannot.

A recent trend has been to ________ employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without asking managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: ________ the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be ________ with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has ________ been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to ________ that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization,________ less.

Another trend is off-site or ________ management, where teams of people ________ by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers ________ the performance of the team members ________ what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.