3 . 语法填空

If you used the term“business echics”in the 1970s, when the field was just starting to develop, a common response was: Isn’t that an oxymoron (矛盾修辞法)?”That jump (妙语）would often be followed by a recition of Milton Friedman’s famous quotation     1     corporate executives’ only social responsibility is to make as much money for shareholders     2     is legally possible.

Over the next 40 years, however, business people stopped     3     (quote) Friedman and began to talk of their responsibilities to their companies’ stakeholders, a group that includes not only shareholders, but also customers, employees and members of the communities     4     they operate.

In 2009, an oath     5     (circulate) among the first class of Harvard Business School to graduate after the global financial crisis.     6    who took it—admittedly, a minority—swore to pursue their work“in an ethical manner”and to run their enterprises“in good faith, guarding against decisions and behavior that advance my own narrow ambitions but harm the enterprise and the societies     7    serves.”     8    then, the idea has spread, with students from 250 business schools taking a similar oath. This year, all Dutch bankers, 90,000 of them, are swearing that they will act with integrity,     9     (put) the interests of customers ahead of others (including shareholders), and behave openly, transparently, and in accordance with their responsibilities to society. Australia has a voluntary Banking and Finance Oath, which obliges those taking it (more than 300 people have so far), among other things, speak out     10    wrongdoing and encourage others to do the same.

5 . Directions: After reading the passage blew, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

What do you want to be when you grow up? A teacher? A doctor? How about an ice-cream taster? Yes, there really is a job     1     you can get paid to taste ice-cream. Just ask John Harrison, an “Official Taste Tester” for the past 21 years. Testing helps manufacturers to be sure of a product’s quality. During his career Harrison has been responsible     2     approving large quantities of the sweet ice-cream-as well as for developing over 75 flavors. Some people think that it would be easy to do this job, after all, you just have to like ice-cream, right? No—there’s more to the job than that, says Harrison, who     3     (have) a degree in chemistry.

He points out that a dairy or food-science degree would be very useful to someone     4     (want) a career in this “cool” field.

In     5     typical morning on the job, Harrison tastes and assesses 60 ice-cream samples. He lets the ice-cream warm up to about 12°F. Harrison explains, “You get more flavor from     6     (warm) ice-cream than usual,     7     is why some kids like to stir (搅动) it, creating ice-cream soup.”

While the ice-cream warms up, Harrison looks over the samples and grades each one on its appearance. “Tasting begins with the eyes,” he explains. He checks to see     8     the ice-cream is attractive and asks himself, “Does the product have the color expected from that flavor?” Next it's time     9     (taste)!

Continuing to think up new ideas,     10     (try) out new flavors, and test samples from so many kinds of ice-cream each day keeps Harrison busy but happy-working at one “cool” job.

6 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

I have some good news and some bad news. First, the bad news: Just     1     (have) good grades may not be sufficient to get you your high school diploma. That's because, as of last year, students are required to complete 90 days of practical training and 60 hours of volunteering in order to graduate. Now, the good news: the new requirements are going to give you a head start in coping with the real world     2    your school days are over.

The Ministry of Education made the changes because it     3    (want) students to break out of their cocoons(茧). The ministry feels there are valuable and necessary lessons     4     (learn) outside of the classroom - lessons such as the responsibilities required in a workplace and, by volunteering, the responsibilities required of a good citizen.

The ministry's changes, however,     5     be somewhat problematic. Students are busy with school work, so where will they find the time?     6     many organizations need volunteers on weekends and you can easily meet that part of the requirement, finding a place to do your practical training will be more difficult. It will probably have to be done during vacations.

Many Western companies offer internships（实习机会）and summer jobs to high school students. They see     7     as part of their corporate responsibility and it's also a good way for them to identify potential employees. Chinese companies, however, offer fewer internships and summer jobs, and their programs are not well-developed. Students may just end up sitting around all day.     8     (bad) yet, there are some companies which do hire students but just to exploit their labor. There are stories of vocational school students who, as part of their practical training,     9    (send)to factories where they assemble computer parts. They spend long hours on an assembly line and are paid low wages. Not much to learn there     10     how to be tired, bored and broke.

Hopefully, your practical experience will be better and you will learn useful lessons. The most important of which is, as one businessman said, "In the workplace, you have to get an A-plus all the time -- being "just good enough" just isn't good enough".

7 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. informed   B. necessarily   C. demand   D. scale   AB. modest AC.deprived AD. fake     BC. approach   BD. involving CD. completions ABC. deservedly

Management books have a     1     poor reputation. Too often they are written by people who confuse insight with technical terms, the types who love to call a spade a "manual horticultural utensil". At the other end of the     2     are thick books containing a wealth of conventional wisdom and clichés(陈词滥调).

So it was a joy to read "It Doesn't Have to be Crazy at Work", by Jason Fried and David Heinemeier Hansson, who run a software company in Chicago called Basecamp. The authors argue that it is perfectly possible to run a business with consistently growing profits (as they do) without requiring employees to work madly long hours. Sleep-    3     managers are likely to be counter-productively impatient.

Basecamp employees have a 40-hour week, except in the summer when the company runs a four-day, 32-hour week. They also get three weeks' holiday every year and a monthly massage at a spa.

Meetings are avoided, especially those     4     lots of people. The firm encourages JOMO, the "joy of missing out", so employees can concentrate on their own work projects. Another way to reduce stress is to avoid turning deadlines into "dreadlines"—unrealistic targets for project     5     accompanied by ever-changing requirements.

"Goals are     6    ," the authors write. In their telling, made-up numbers function as a source of unnecessary stress until they are either achieved or abandoned. Nor should workers     7     that their colleagues deal with a problem straight away. In almost every situation, the expectation of an immediate response is unrealistic. Allowing workers more time means they can come up with a more     8     and helpful decision.

The overall aim of the firm should be stated in     9     terms. Too many businesses talk about "changing the world" and becoming a "disrupter". Such aims are far too grand and put everyone under too much pressure.

A relaxed working philosophy in the office might work better in the long run than the hard-charging     10     that, at the moment, is all too common.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词威括号内单词的正确形式。

I am an Australian scholar     1     (major) in international education and relations. My research is focusing on education programs     2     (support) by the Australian government. The Australian government sponsors a number of programs as these programs     3     (think) to build relationships and understanding between the peoples of Australia and China. I find it so interesting to talk with Australian students urgently studying in China and Chinese students     4     have returned to China after graduating from universities in Australia. I’m glad to find out these programs     5     (affect) them and their future career greatly since the programs started. I came to China to interview students of these programs to find out more about their in-country experiences.     6     I strongly believe is that education is a tool for breaking down negative stereotypes (固化思维) and building bridges between different nations. China is an     7     (extreme) important relationship for Australia’s economic future, yet we have very different cultural and political systems. There is no more important time than right now for Australians to build     8     understanding of working and living in China. I came to Beijing just under two years ago to work with     9     (research) at Peking University. For me, I could not resist this opportunity     10     (experience) a day in the life of a Chinese employee and learn so much about Chinese culture.

9 . Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

People across the world use Airbnb to offer their homes to travelers usually for a nightly fee. The home-sharing service provides some people with a way     1     （make）extra money while they work other jobs.

The company announced recently that one of its     2     （popular） professions among American Airbnb hosts is teaching, The information came from an Airbnb study to find out     3     industries its American hosts work in.

The study found that almost 10 percent of U.S. Airbnb hosts in 2017 identified     4     as teachers or in the field of education. The home-sharing service estimated it has about 45,000 active teacher hosts in America. In addition, the study says there are     5     estimated 75,000 other hosts living in households with a teacher.

The study did not provide data from hosts about     6     they choose to become part of Airbnb. But the company noted that many teachers in America face difficult economic situations. Airbnb says additional earnings from hosting     7     help.

Some states had even higher rates of teacher hosts than Airbnb’s estimated national average. Airbnb spokesman Christopher Nulty told The Atlantic magazine that the home-sharing industry is not a total solution for the current problems     8    （face） many teachers. But he said he thinks Airbnb can be an “important tool” to help teachers make extra money and give them “the respect and dignity” they have earned.

The report on the number of teacher hosts comes as Airbnb     9     （continue） to face opposition by activists and officials in some areas. U.S. Critics of the company say the service is driving up rental market prices in several cities. Elected officials in some areas     10    （propose） or approved rules to limit the influence of the service. Hotel companies have also protested that the business presents unfair competition.

10 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

How to deal with Whiners(抱怨不停的人)?

There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they     1     (treat) unfairly.

Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) ,     2     attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. “While some complaints might be reasonable,     3     are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,” said Li Ming, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).

It is especially hard to deal with complaints at work     4     you can’t just walk away or put your colleagues’ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don’t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others’ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression     5     you agree with them. “Listen to the whiners actively,” said HR Li. “Help them find a solution, or see     6     there are ways to improve the situation.”

Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from     7     (extend) working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. “I let them talk about their opinions,” she said, “They feel better when     8     (tell) someone how they want things to be.”

But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. “I ask about the specifics and work together with them     9     (fix) everything technically.” he said.

HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. “The real problem is that the whiners don’t feel they are being taken seriously,” said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. “     10     (give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the problem will usually disappear.”