1 . Bring back the night

Our lives are ruled by time and we use time to tell us what to do. But the digital alarm clock that wakes us in the morning or the wristwatch that tells us we are late for supper are unnatural clocks. Our biology dances to a more ancient beat that probably started to work in our humans’ early life.

The instructions for a biological clock are fixed within our genes, and those of almost all life on Earth. And they also affect our levels of attention, mood, physical strength, blood pressure and much more.     1    

Biological clocks help time our sleep patterns. This marks the passage of approximately 24 hours and controls everything we do. Our clocks are even used to predict the differing demands of the 24-hour day and adapt our behavior in advance of changing conditions.

    2     By contrast, as dawn approaches, our bodies get themselves ready for increased activity when we wake. Few of us appreciate this internal world, however. We are drawn by an apparent freedom to sleep, work, eat, drink or travel when we want.

Body clocks differ between people. If you are alert in the morning and go to bed early, you are a morning “lark”, but if you hate mornings and want to keep going through the night, you are a night “owl”.     3     In our first decade, we tend to wake early, but by the time we are teenagers, bedtimes and getting-up times become later and later.

This habit of getting up later continues until we are about 20 years old.     4     By the age of 55—60 we are getting up as early as we did when we were 10. This could explain why young adults really do have a problem getting up in the morning. They show both delayed sleep and lack of sleep because they are going to bed late but still having to get up early in the morning.

We humans have welcomed the freedom to do what we want, when we want to do it. Our 24/7 society has affected the night, an apparent victory of civilization over nature.     5     Disrupting sleep actually has a negative effect on our brains and that drives many of us to substitute the rhythm normally imposed by internal time with coffee and sugary snacks to give us energy and keep us awake. But we have not achieved freedom. We have just created a 24/7 timetable which we cannot keep to without damaging our health.

A．There are fewer absences and improved results.

B．Even our ability to learn and do well in exams is affected by them.

C．These include, in fact, increased errors, poor memory, reduced mental and physical reaction times and reduced motivation.

D．At this point there is a change towards earlier sleep and waking times.

E．But the reality is that our society is replacing a biological order developed over millions of years with a false impression.

F．These differences are partly laid down within our genes but they also change significantly as we get older.

G．Before we go to bed, our body temperature drops, our blood pressure decreases, and tiredness increases.

2 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Why does the man make the phone call?

A．To get some information

B．To express his thanks.

C．To tell about his holiday.

2. Who arranged the man’s holiday?

A．Mary.

B．The woman.

C．The man’s wife.

3. What was the man pleased with when he stayed at the Holiday Inn?

A．The service.

B．The weather.

C．The surroundings

4. What will the woman do for the man?

A．Arrange another trip for him.

B．Arrange for him to see Mary.

C．Pass his message on to Mary.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式或根据首字母补全单词。

When I was growing up, I do not recall     1     (hear) the words “I love you” from my father. When your father never says     2     to you when you are a child, it gets more difficult for him     3     (say) those words as he gets older. To tell the     4    (true), I could not remember     5     I had last said those words to him either. I decided to change it and make the first move. After some hesitation (犹豫), in our next phone conversation I spoke out the words, “Dad … I love you!”

There was a silence at the     6     end and then he     7     (embarrass) replied, “Well, same back at you!”

I laughed and said, “Dad, I know you love me, and when you are ready, I know you     8     (say) what you want to say.”

A few weeks later, Dad ended our phone conversation     9     the words, “Paul, I love you.” I was at work during this conversation and the tears were falling down my face because I finally “heard” the love. As we both sat there in tears, we r    10     that this special moment had taken our father-son relationship to a new level.

4 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Where does the man usually have lunch?

A．At the same place.

B．At his sister’s place.

C．At the woman’s place.

2. Which of the things did the man do yesterday?

A．Going shopping.

B．Working in the office.

C．Washing clothes.

3. What does the woman really mean at the end of the conversation?

A．It was a different holiday.

B．It was a wonderful holiday.

C．It wasn’t really a holiday.

5 . Nowadays, with the improvement of people’s living standards, there are more and more teenagers having the problem of obesity (过度肥胖). It becomes a concern to society. What should we do to deal with it? Please write a composition in not fewer than 110 words to express your opinion.

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6 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. How does Joanna feel?

A．Tired.

B．Happy.

C．Anxious.

2. Why does Joanna want to make breakfast?

A．To look after her sick mum.

B．To pay back her mum.

C．To practise cooking.

3. What can we know about Joanna?

A．She has got married.

B．She can get up early every day.

C．She loves her father more than her mother.