2 . Not long ago, Linda was sitting by a hospital bed, feeling anxious. Beside her lay her 88-year-old father. His heart was ________ and he needed an operation.

What ________ her almost as much as his health was the fact that all day the two of them had engaged in nothing but ________ small talks. She and her father had always had good ________, but now all he talked about was the awful hospital food and the ________ outcomes of his illness. His once wide-ranging interests seemed to have ________ to the size of the room.

That day in the hospital, Linda’s eye fell on the ________ that people had brought as gifts and left on the table. Her father had always been a passionate reader, but lately he didn’t have the ________ or focus. She ________ a book, and started to read it out loud.

It ________ changed the mood and atmosphere. It was a ________ and a pleasure for both of them. Reading gave the daughter a way to connect with her father and help him in a situation that was ________ out of her hands. ________ allowed the father to travel on the sound of his daughter’s voice, up and out of the bed and back into the world of mature, intelligent engagement, where he ________ himself again.

In fact, almost any kind of reading to another person can be ________ to both parties, providing a joyful shared experience.

4 . Reading involves looking at illustrative symbols and expressing mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed _______ over the centuries. During the 1950’s and 1960’s especially, increased attention has been devoted to _______ the reading process. Although experts agree that reading _______ a complex organization of higher mental _______, they disagree about the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, _______ reading as simply the decoding (解码) of symbols into the sounds they stand for.

These authorities _______ that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is inexplainably related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without _______ their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, _______ some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who _______ reads.

Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its ________. By some experts they would not be ________ as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most ________ and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to ________ the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various ________, at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do so widely and enthusiastically. ________, reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

5 . At Bookmark, we want every single child to read. Many children in the average class in the UK are not _________ to read well when they leave primary school. We need more reading _________ to help us change this. With Bookmark, you can truly make a ________ to the futures of primary school children. One Bookmark volunteer has _________ her story.

Claire began reading with Zach in 2019 at a local school. Her ________ as a Bookmark volunteer taught her more than she expected. During their sessions, Claire _________ Zach to see reading as fun. _________, he asked Claire why anyone would read in their spare time. Seeing this as an opportunity, she ________ to him that there are books out there on all his favorite hobbies.

As their sessions continued, Claire noticed a _________. When packing up in their final session, Zach __________ a book. It was a more advanced ________ than those he’d been reading, but he __________ said that he was happy and confident to give it a go at home. At that moment, Claire started to _________ her impact as a Bookmark volunteer.

Enjoying reading is a powerful tool for a primary school child. Reading for _________ provides a route into learning and opens many opportunities. For young readers, this joy __________ confidence both in the classroom and at home.

6 . I grew up on a university campus in eastern Nigeria.I was a(n) _________reader, and what I read were British and American children’s books.I began to write when I was seven.I wrote exactly the kinds of stories I was reading: All my _________ were white and blue-eyed. They played in the snow. They ate apples, and they talked a lot about the _________，how lovely it was that the sun had _________.

What this demonstrates is how _________we can be influenced by what we read, particularly as children. Because all I had read were foreign books, I had become _________ that books had to have _________ in them and had to be about things with which I could not personally identify.

Things _________ when I discovered African books. There weren’t many of them available, and they weren’t quite as easy to _________ as the foreign books.

But __________ writers like Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye I went through a mental __________in my view of literature.I __________ that people like me, girls with skin the color of chocolate,could also __________ in literature. I started to write about things I recognized. What the __________ of African writers did for me was this: It saved me from having a __________ story of what books are.

7 . I was an obsessive (痴迷的) lover of books, who was ______ at two and polishing off chapter books by kindergarten. In grammar school I worked my way through the library, gradually getting less picky as the options ______. However, what I wanted to read was science fiction. It was ______ to find. A sixth-grade teacher lent me a copy of Watership Down, a(n) ______ experience.

I am sick. My symptoms (症状) are odd, and no one really knows what my ______ is. I grew weaker and more isolated, but I got a ride to the library once a week and ______ all the novels I could carry. I kept reading ______ my disability.

Later, I met a technical nonfiction writer, who explained to me how to make a living ______ for magazines. At last, something I could ______! I subscribed to Writer’s Digest but wrote a fantasy novel instead.

After ______ that first novel, I made writer friends online. I thought my life ______ at last. Here was a career path where all my reading would ______ and where my disability wouldn’t shut me out. I wrote two science fiction novels, which later got published.

It turns out that in writing science fiction being unique can be a ______, practice eventually works, and persistence (坚持不懈) is really what matters. Without ______, I wouldn’t have had anything to aspire to, and I would never have ______ something I could share with the world.

9 . Now that we have briefly explored the history of the short story and heard from a few of its creators, let us consider the role of the reader. Readers are not empty vessels that wait, _______ raised, to receive a teacher’s or a critic’s interpretation. They bring their unique life experiences to the story. With these_______ , the best readers also bring their attention, their reading skills, and most importantly, their_______ to a reading of a story.

My students always_______ me to discuss, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the stories we read without destroying the excitement of being beamed up into another world. For years I _______with one response after the other to this challenge. Then one day I read an article by a botanist who had explored the beauty of flowers by x-raying them. His illustrations showed the rose and the lily in their_______ beauty, and his x-rays_______the wonders of their construction. I brought the article to class, where we discussed the benefits of examining the internal structure of flowers, relationships, current events, and short stories.

A short story, _______ , is not a fossil to admire. Readers must ask questions, guess at the answers,_______what will happen next, then read to discover. They and the author form a partnership that brings the story to life. Awareness of this partnership keeps the original excitement alive through discussion, analysis, interpretation, and ________. Literary explorations allow the reader to admire the authors’________ as well as their artistry. In fact, original appreciation may be enhanced by this x-ray vision. The final step is to appreciate once again the story________— to put the pieces back together.

Now it is your turn. Form a partnership with your author. During your________in reading, enter into a dialogue with the published scholars featured in Short Stories for Students. Through this________with experts you will revise, enrich, or________your original observations and interpretations.

During this adventure, I hope you will feel the same as the listeners that surround the neck of my Pueblo storyteller.