1 . Biologist Marc Bekoff studies dogs, wolves and coyotes.     1    . If they’re in the same pack, animal friends may sleep close to one another. They greet one another, travel together, share food and groom each other. Animal friends are nice to one another, and they even play together.    2    .

Playing together, for instance, helps animals bond and keeps them close to the group. “Coyote pups who don’t play together are more likely to go out on their own.    3    .” says Bekoff. “If an animal has a special friend, both friends benefit by having someone to watch out for them.”

    4    . When a young rhinoceros sets out on its own for the first time, it may look for an older travel friend, and this companion helps to find food and water and avoid predators. Young male elephants hang out together when they leave their mothers’ herds, and young dolphins do, too. Pairs of bottlenose dolphins sometimes form strong bonds and pal around together for years. Among chimpanzee groups, some pair up to groom each other, hunt together, share food and defend each other from danger.

Why do animals have friends? “Mainly because in the long run they benefit from friendships,” scientist Franz de Waal says. “It is all give and take.    5    .”

A．Young animals often team up for protection

B．He believes that many animals do have friends

C．He thinks that many animals seldom have friends

D．Therefore, playing together sometimes is harmful

E．And leaving the protection of the group can be dangerous

F．This friendly behavior can be important to an animal’s survival

G．Sometimes one gives more, the other takes more, but in the end both parties gain

2 . When you respect those you share a room with, you may find that your living situation can be quite enjoyable.

Make them a priority. Part of respecting someone is making them a priority in your life. Deciding that they aren’t good enough to devote much of your time to makes them seem unimportant. It also sends the message that you don’t respect them enough to make them a big part of your life.     1    

Give praise. Your partner needs to hear what you like about them, even if you’ve been together for long.     2    . Offering praise can bring you closer together and can strengthen your level of respect for each other.

    3    . You are likely polite to your parents, friends, and boss because you respect them. You probably wouldn’t think about giving them attitude or criticism. Adopt this same way of thinking for your partner. Choosing to be kind, and polite shows you respect them, which can make a world of difference in your relationship.

Focus on your partner’s positives. It’s easy to concentrate on what your partner does wrong, particularly if you feel they are lacking in a few areas.     4    . Hearing positive words instead of negative will encourage them to keep up the good work and shows that you value them.

Be honest. Honesty is at the foundation (基础) of a positive, healthy relationship. Being honest strengthens your bond with your partner and shows that you are trustworthy.     5    .

A．Attitude is everything.

B．Adopt a good attitude.

C．This can be destructive to your partner.

D．Don’t assume they already know how you feel.

E．They will exhibit the same behavior towards you.

F．Tell the truth to your partner, even when it’s painful to hear.

G．Instead, try focusing on what your partner does right or is good at.

3 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Internet can help develop friendships in many ways. Firstly, the Internet makes communication much more convenient. You can stay in touch    1    friends no matter where you are or    2    you are doing. You can be in contact at home and also when you are on the move,    3    (use) a smartphone, a tablet or a computer. Secondly, the Internet has also made communication more fun. We all know that    4    (tradition) ways of communicating, like letters and phone calls, can be limiting and take time.    5    , you can share photos, videos, news stories and websites with your friends online. You can give a brief response to a message with an emoji or a picture. There are so many online tools you can use    6    (be) creative! Thirdly, online communication can actually bring people closer to each other. Nowadays, your friends are just a click away. Whenever someone    7    ( need) help, friends from all over the world can    8    (immediate) provide useful suggestions or information. This makes friends feel    9    (love) and cared for. To me, this is a very thought-provoking argument, as it points out the    10    (benefit) of online friendships. As Eileen Kennedy-Moore, an authority on the subject, points out, online friends “fill holes real-life friends can’t”.

4 . Who do you count as your friends? From our BFF to a workmate, it’s good to have someone to chat with or offer comfort and support. But when it comes to friendship, is it more important to have quantity or quality?

The recent isolation(隔离) we have endured due to the coronavirus pandemic has made some of us question our friendships. We’ve fallen out of touch with friends and acquaintances, and it may feel awkward, but do we actually have to rekindle (再续) every relationship we once had? It might be time to think about who you kept in touch with, who you missed talking to, and who you didn’t. In short, maybe it’s time to renew your list of real mates.

“There’s no need to stay friends,” a writer for BBC Worklife, Bryan Lufkin says, “While people have known for years that friendships are certainly good for your health, experts say it’s only natural for acquaintances and even friends to fall by the wayside (半途而度) as time goes on. It’s nothing to feel guilty about.”

Of course, it can be hard to choose who’s in your friendship circle. This is what Suzanne Degges-White, professor of counselling at Northern Illinois University, calls our ‘friendscape’. She says, “in life, as we go through certain stages and ages, our attention changes, and we want to be around people who are like us.”

So, changing friends is normal, but we still need those special pals who’ve known us long term. These are friendships we invest time in. According to Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, these are your inner circle of friends—your “shoulders to cry on”— and you have to see them at least once a week to keep them in that circle. He adds that the friends that do drift (渐渐疏远) are mostly “friendships of convenience”. But the advice for keeping a good friendship is to share how you feel with someone you trust— this can help strengthen your friendship as well as giving you both a chance to support each other.

1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?

A．People should rethink the friendship they had

B．The isolation is harmful to friendship.

C．We should keep in touch with every friend

D．Covid-19 has made friends feel awkward.

2. What can we learn from Bryan Lufkin’s words?

A．It is necessary to stay friends.	B．It is good to write for BBC.
C．Changing friendship is quite normal.	D．Changing friendship is bad for health.

3. Why did the author use the words from Suzanne?

A．Suzanne was a friend of the author.

B．Suzanne shared different points of view.

C．The author invented “friendseape” with her.

D．The author aimed to stress the viewpoint

4. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．How to invest time in friendship.	B．How to support your friends.
C．How to trust your friends.	D．How to keep your friendship.