2 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there in one word more than you need.

A.highlights        B. bestseller        C. distinctions          D. desired          AB. coined AC. centered          AD. producing        BC. mental        BD. outcomes     CD. value ABC. effective

A leadership is the most significant word in today's competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal capabilities and style. Experts on leadership will quickly point out that "how things get done" influences the success of the     1     and indicates a right way and a wrong way to do things. When a noted leader on the art of management, Peter Drucker,     2     the phrase "Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things," he was seeking to clarify the     3     he associates with the terms.

When Stephen Covey, founder and director of the Leadership Institute, explored leadership styles in the past decade, he focused on the habits of a great number of highly     4     individuals. His Seven Habits of Highly Effective People became a popular     5     very quickly. His ideas forced a reexamination of the early leadership paradigm (范例), which he observed     6     on traits found in the character ethic and the personality ethic. The former ethic suggested success was founded on integrity, modesty, loyalty, courage, patience, and so forth. The personality ethic suggested it was one's attitude, not behavior, that inspired success, and this ethic was founded on a belief of positive     7     attitude. In contrast to each of these ideas, Covey advocates that leaders need to understand universal principles of effectiveness, and he     8     how vital it is for leaders to first personally manage themselves if they are to enjoy any hope of outstanding success in their work environments. To achieve a(n)     9     vision for your business, it is vital that you have a personal vision of where you are headed and what you     10    . Business leadership means that managers need to "put first things first," which implies that before leading others, you need to be clear on your own values, abilities, and strengths and be seen as trustworthy.

3 . We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.

What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.

Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t

even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂

In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂

Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.

1. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?

A．Addiction to smartphones.

B．Inappropriate behaviours in public places.

C．Absence of communication between strangers.

D．Impatience with slow service.

2. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?

A．Showing good manners.	B．Relating to other people.
C．Focusing on a topic.	D．Making business deals.

3. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?

A．It improves family relationships.	B．It raises people’s confidence.
C．It matters as much as a formal talk.	D．It makes people feel good.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Conversation Counts	B．Ways of Making Small Talk
C．Benefits of Small Talk	D．Uncomfortable Silence

4 . Making a lifestyle change is challenging, especially when you want to transform many things at once. Here are some tips to help you:

￭Make a plan that you can stick to. Your plan is a map that will guide you on this journey of change.    1    When making your plan, be specific. Want to exercise more? Detail the time of day when you can take walks and how long you’ll walk. Post your plan where you’ll most often see it as a reminder.

￭Start small. Break down your goals into small. Break down your goals into small, manageable steps. Is your long-term goal to lose 20 pounds within the next five months?     2    If you’d like to eat healthier, consider a goal for the week replacing dessert with a healthier option, like fruit or yogurt. At the end of the week, you’ll week successful knowing you have met your goal.

￭Change one behavior at a time. Replacing unhealthy behaviors with healthy ones requires time.    3     To improve your success, focus on one goal or change at a time. As new healthy behaviors become a habit, try to add another goal that works toward time overall change.

￭    4    Accepting help from those who care about you and will listen strengthens your commitment. If you feel unable to meet your goals on your own, consider seeking help from a psychologist. Psychologists are uniquely trained to understand the connection between the mind and body, as well as the factors that promote behavior change.

￭Making the changes that you want takes time and commitment, but you can do it. Just remember that no one is perfect. Minor missteps on the road to your goals are normal and okay.    5    

A．Be kind to yourself.

B．Ask for support.

C．Be determined to recover and get back on track.

D．You can even think of it as an adventure.

E．A good weekly goal would be to lose one pound a week.

F．You've tried before, but without feeling much success.

G．Many people run into problems when they try to change too much too fast.