World Olive (橄榄) Tree Day takes place     1     26th November every year. It was established     2     (official) at the 40th session of the UNESCO General Conference in 2019.The olive tree, especially the olive branch, holds an important place in people’s mind. Since ancient times, it     3     (symbolize) peace, harmony and     4     (wise) .It is important not just to the countries     5     these noble trees grow but also to people and communities worldwide.

Protecting and growing the olive tree is     6     increasingly urgent thing as the world fights against climate change. The conservation of cultural and natural heritage is one of UNESco’s     7     (center) goals, and marking World Olive Tree Day strengthens the efforts to achieve it.

World Olive Tree Day is set up     8     (encourage) the protection of the olive tree and stress the values it symbolizes,     9     (inspire) people to appreciate its important social, cultural, economic and environmental significance to humans.

There is much to learn, share and celebrate on World Olive Tree Day, and UNESCO encourages everyone to participate in     10     (activity) such as debates, conferences, cultural events and exhibitions organized worldwide.

Black Friday, which is a popular holiday, is usually celebrated     1     day after Thanksgiving in the United States. On this day, Americans all over the country rise at dawn in order to stand at the head of the line at     2     (vary) stores, so that they can get deeply discounted deals offered by these stores.

This day     3     (call) Black Friday because it is the day on which many traders “hit the black”,     4     (mean) that they start to make money after being “in the red” all year long. The traders used     5     (write) with a red pen on their ledgers (账簿) to show losses and black inks to show gains. It is not how this holiday gets its name, but it is     6     (common) believed by the public to be the case.

Although this day continues to be a big holiday in the United States, it is beginning to lose some of its     7     (popular). That is     8     more and more people are turning their attention to online shopping. It allows them to buy     9     they want with convenience. As a result, Cyber (网络的)Monday appears, which is a day directly competes with Black Friday and may lead to     10     (it) downfall.

4 . In American culture, I am noticing a lack of respect, especially among children. This should be treated _________ since disrespectful children will become disrespectful teenagers, and then disrespectful adults. American culture is _________ the ways of teaching respect, while other cultures have methods that Americans could learn from.

In 1995, I spent a couple of months in Kenya where I lived with a pastor’s family. This pastor was a part of the Maasai tribes that have some unique customs. One of them is the _________ that the children give the adults. When an adult approaches a Maasai child, the child will _________ and tilt their head slightly saying “Suppa”. The adult responses by saying “Ippa” touching the top of their heads. This simple act shows respect for the adult. The children _________ that they are their elder and that the adult deserves respect.

In my early 20’s, I worked at a children’s home in South Carolina where the children from 4 to 19 years old were taught to respect their elders. They _________ me as “Mr. Vince” and every adult worker there with a “Mr, Mrs, or Ms.”. However, as I counsel and talk to teachers and other professionals who work with children now, there seems to be a _________ in such as friendly behavior that children give adults. Fewer students treat teachers with respect: Children frequently talk back to their teachers, parents or seniors, interrupt conversations, and disregard their _________. Children casually speak with other adults like waiters, store clerks, postmen, cashiers, etc. in the way as if they are children’s _________.

Immanuel Kant expressed two __________ attitudes in Europe that are still dominant today. One is that only humans are persons because they have autonomy—they freely choose to act on principles by __________ laws on themselves, and not on desires. It is this mind based on __________ that gives humans special status. Second, to learn to follow principles instead of desires, a human child needs to learn __________ to the laws of adults. They must practice __________ regulation before they are able to practice autonomy. Kant said that “act in the way you want others to act in the situation, taking other people as persons, not __________ you use for your own goals”. Only in this way can you become a real person with intrinsic values.

8 . Playing games, singing carols (圣诞颂歌) and getting dressed in your best for Christmas lunch are British festive traditions that need to be saved for future generations, a study has found.

The survey of 2,000 people found the festive pleasure that people believe is most in need of saving is playing games as a family, with 33% of those surveyed giving it the nod. Carol singing is close behind on 31%, with making paper chains to decorate the home on 28%.

Popular pursuits also listed as being in need of saving are making Christmas cake, putting decorations up on Christmas Eve, making home-made pies and writing a letter to Santa. The study also found that 64% of British families celebrate with their own family-specific traditions, such as leaving the tree decoration to the children, and 62% of people said the most important element in having a good Christmas is spending time with family.

Dr. Martin Johns from Swansea University, said: “Wearing your ‘best’ clothes and giving fruit and nuts in stockings both have their origins before the Second World War. However, the pre-war tradition of putting a lucky piece of coal in children’s stockings has disappeared.”

Many Christmas traditions are imports from America, but Christmas cards are one that Britain gave to the world. The first Christmas card is widely claimed to date back to 1843, the same year as A Christmas Carol was published by Dickens, but they were actually on sale by the end of the 1820s. The Victorians saw them as luxurious items and bought them individually, choosing specific designs for each friend and relative. Up until the 1960s, cards were delivered on Christmas morning, adding to the specialness of receiving one.