| A．Tami. | B．Dr. Maxwell. | C．Alison Simpson. |
For thousands of years, the Chinese
According to TCM, there are a dozen meridians (经络) in the human body,
In 2010, UNESCO
3 . I had always been fascinated by the use of natural treatments in healthcare. So, when I came across a local clinic that offered courses in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) several months ago, I immediately signed up for a one-year course.
On the first day of class, I was looking forward to what I was going to learn. As the instructor explained the procedure, I felt a little disturbed by the thought of needles being stuck into my skin. However, I was determined to overcome my fear. Acupuncturist uses hair-thin needles to find specific areas on the body to treat pain or tension the body may be experiencing, known to help with depression, insomnia (失眠) and anxiety. The instructor told us that an acupuncturist might request patients to provide more information about their health, how to treat them, and what points are most appropriate for them. We were taught how to examine a patient’s tongue and pulse to gather evidence of any imbalances in the body. He showed us how to adjust the needle’s depth, as different organs required different depths. The needles were only a few millimetre thick and made of stainless steel, so they were solid and easy to switch out.
In class, we also learned about the phenomenon of acupuncture anesthesia (麻醉) where patients could undergo surgery without conventional anesthesia using only acupuncture. As we progressed through the course, we learned about herbs and their uses. We also discussed the effects of substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and drugs on the body and how they could lead to severe anxiety and abuse.
TCM dates back to ancient China, and it is a widespread practice today. It is fascinating to learn about the symbolism behind each organ and how they relate to different emotions and imbalances in the body. After a year of wrestling with the course, I have now graduated and put everything in place. Without doubt, it has been one of the most fulfilling experiences in my life.
1. What made the author decide to sign up for a TCM course?| A．His worries about health problems. | B．His interest in natural treatments. |
| C．An accidental visit to a local clinic. | D．The increasing knowledge of TCM. |
| A．The development of acupuncture. | B．The way to perform acupuncture. |
| C．The requirement for an acupuncture. | D．The various tools used in acupuncture. |
| A．Easy. | B．Complicated. | C．Advanced. | D．Worthy. |
| A．An encounter with TCM | B．A modern change in TCM |
| C．A course to improve my fitness | D．A special acupuncture treatment |
4 . Plastic surgery is not only popular in the US, but is also spreading across Asia. It is reported that South Korea is now the world’s largest market for plastic surgery.
In order to change their looks, 20 percent of women aged between 19 and 49 in Seoul said they had gone under the knife. The growth of South Korea’s pop music industry increases the popularity. Many patients visit clinics with photos of singers, asking doctors to copy their noses or eyes.
Joo Kwon, who founded one of the largest clinics in Seoul, recently opened a hotel to better serve customers. People will spend about $17,675 in a single visit. An increasing number of customers are non-Koreans, but from China, Japan, the Middle East and even Africa. Leaders in South Korea say that this will help the Korean economy.
However, Mr. Kwon warned that young people should be careful when taking such operations. “I think South Korea doesn’t understand the word ‘beauty’, because everyone looks pretty much the same. It is also related to low self-confidence. I think the situation will somewhat become better in the future as the society becomes more different. But it will take quite a bit of time until we get there.” he told reporters.
Last year, a booklet was given out to Korean high school students by the government. There was a story that a local woman who was crazy about plastic surgery ended up with an ugly face.
1. What is the main cause of the increase in plastic surgery in South Korea?| A．The increasing understanding of beauty. | B．The increasing number of clinics. |
| C．The rise of the pop music industry. | D．The rise of the Korean economy. |
| A．Plastic surgery is supported by the government. |
| B．High school students are encouraged to have plastic surgery. |
| C．High school students in South Korea are fond of plastic surgery. |
| D．Plastic surgery is bad for people’s health. |
| A．How to learn plastic surgery. |
| B．Why women have plastic surgery. |
| C．The famous singers in South Korea. |
| D．Rapid growth of plastic surgery in South Korea. |
5 . When Tal Golesworthy was told he needed
“They
A bulging aorta, he thought, was much like bulging hydraulic hose (凸起的液压软管)—it needed
Sheer determination combined with a(n)
| A．game-changing | B．life-saving | C．ground-breakıng | D．problem-solving |
| A．affecting | B．contracting | C．influencing | D．causing |
| A．burn | B．bend | C．burst | D．block |
| A．talked about | B．discussed about | C．debated on | D．mentioned about |
| A．How | B．Why | C．It | D．What |
| A．display | B．avoid | C．present | D．face |
| A．would have been affected | B．would be affected | C．could have been affected | D．could be affected |
| A．had changed | B．had recovered | C．had improved | D．had worsened |
| A．hard work | B．experiments | C．experience | D．fruits |
| A．manage | B．handle | C．solve | D．repair |
| A．internal | B．surgical | C．external | D．spiritual |
| A．check-up | B．inspection | C．test | D．operation |
| A．imaginative | B．original | C．specialized | D．flexible |
| A．change | B．develop | C．create | D．reshape |
| A．a hit | B．a mess | C．a pain | D．a success |
Ancient Chinese healing methods
Currently celebrating its 10th anniversary, the BRI,
In Budapest, Traditional Chinese Medicine Center of Hungary (Qihuang Center) provides
After
The center has also helped Jozsef’s son, Csaba Frenyo, who has been struggling with obesity-related health
7 . “Going wireless is the future for just about everything!” That is a quote from scientist Sreekanth Chalasani, and we can’t help but agree. Realizing this, a team of scientists has made a breakthrough toward wirelessly controlling human cells using sound, in a technique called “sonogenetics (声遗传学).” This concept may seem strange but let us explain.
Basically, the term “sonogenetics” means using ultrasound (超声波) to change the behavior of cells in a non-invasive manner. “We already know that ultrasound is safe, and that it can go through bone, muscle and other tissues, making it the ultimate tool for controlling cells deep in the body,” says Chalasani.
Low-frequency ultrasound waves can target a particular protein that is sensitive to the signal. This research, published in Nature Communications, focused on TRPA1. When this protein is stimulated through the ultrasound waves, it also stimulates the cells which carry it. What type of cell is being stimulated depends on the outcome. For example, a muscle cell may contract with stimulation, or a neuron (神经元) in the brain will fire. In this experiment, scientists genetically marked cells with an increased concentration of TRPA1, making them the key targets of the ultrasound waves.
Currently, treating conditions like Parkinson’s disease requires scientists to implant electrodes (电极) in the brain which stimulate certain disordered cells. Researchers hope that sonogenetics can one day replace these invasive treatments.
In the future, the team wants to adjust the placement and amount of TRPAI around the body using the gene treatment. Gene delivery techniques have already been shown to be successful in humans, such as in treating blindness. Therefore, it’s just a case of adjusting this theory to a different sound-based setting.
“Gene delivery techniques already exist for getting a new gene—such as TRPA1—into the human heart,” Chalasani says. “If we can then use an external ultrasound device to activate those cells, that could really change pacemakers.” There is still a while to go before this treatment can become a reality. The future for sonogenetics, though, looks bright.
1. What’s working principle for sonogenetics?| A．Using medicine interventional therapies. |
| B．Changing cells’ shape with new equipment. |
| C．Controlling cells in a non-invasive manner. |
| D．Using a kind of unique medical composition. |
| A．Change the concentration of the protein. |
| B．Find target cells for treatment precisely. |
| C．Analyze the protein sensitive to the sign. |
| D．Choose the type of cell to be stimulated. |
| A．It can be applied to other fields besides medicine. |
| B．It may replace some traditional medical therapies. |
| C．It will totally transform gene delivery techniques. |
| D．It has succeeded in curing diseases like blindness. |
| A．Can cells be controlled by sound? |
| B．How is sonogenetics clinically used? |
| C．Are gene delivery techniques available? |
| D．What are applications of sonogenetics? |
8 . It is easy to be doubtful about announcements of drugs that claim to slow the progress of Alzheimers, the most common form of dementia (痴呆). A new drug called Lecanemab, however, may be the real deal. Results of a clinical trial, conducted by its makers, Eisai, of Tokyo, and Biogen, of Cambridge Massachusetts, have just been announced in the New England Journal of Medicine (November; 2022). After18 months, it had slowed the progress of symptoms by a quarter.
The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug. The others, a placebo (安慰剂). It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis seems correct.
Amyloid is a protein which accumulates (积累) in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimers, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving the drug).That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.
This is a small first step. Some experts question whether the test used to show an improvement in symptoms is clinically meaningful because amyloid can be detected only with the help of a piece of expensive equipment, which is not something that can easily be turned into a routine program. Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants. Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.
1. What can be learned from the first two paragraphs?| A．The public shows confidence in new drugs for Alzheimers. |
| B．The new drug had an obvious effect on the participants. |
| C．All participants didn’t receive the new drug. |
| D．It took 18 months to make the new drug. |
| A．illustrating how the drug interacts with amyloid in body |
| B．making comparisons between two groups of participants |
| C．describing how immune-system works in detail |
| D．quoting the comments of other scientists |
| A．It can’t be accessed easily in daily treatment. |
| B．It needs to be further tested before its launch. |
| C．It costs too much for ordinary families. |
| D．It can cause some side-effects. |
| A．Reliable. | B．Groundbreaking | C．Promising | D．Risky. |
9 . PRACTITIONERS
| Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. | James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. |
| Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. | Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. |
| A．Doing teaching jobs. | B．Being hired as physicians. |
| C．Performing surgery. | D．Being banned from medicine. |
| A．She wrote a book. | B．She went through trials. |
| C．She worked as a dentist. | D．She had formal education. |
| A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania. | B．Tan Yunxian. |
| C．James Barry. | D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler. |
10 . It isn’t necessary to know everything before heading out into the wilderness, but studying a quality first-aid guide book and familiarizing yourself with the necessary skills can be enough to save someone’s life.
Wilderness Medicine: Beyond First Aid by William W. Forgey
This book does a great job of breaking down how to examine, judge, and stabilize your patient or situation, manage the person’s physical symptoms(症状), and know what questions to ask. It covers a wider range of possible injuries and treatment options than some other wilderness first-aid books. This book costs $12.79 and is easy to read and understand.
Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills by The Mountaineers
In its 9th edition, the book, which costs $21.99, has become a gold standard for anyone planning to spend significant time in the backcountry. Written by climbers for climbers, this book has everything you need to know to stay safer, from basic first aid to staying safe in avalanche terrain(雪崩地形), and learning how to move forward without networking.
Mountaineering: Essential Skills for Hikers and Climbers by Alun Richardson
The book, which costs $13.59, not only contains information about wilderness first aid but also attempts to teach you safety and survival skills from hiking basics to winter adventures. This book stands out because of its detailed visual diagrams that illustrate the right and wrong ways to achieve different techniques.
Medicine for Mountaineering & Other Wilderness Activities by James Wilkerson
The book, which costs $32.95, is a great addition to your collection if you’ve already read some of the other wilderness first-aid books, and maybe even taken a course already but are still wanting to learn more. Many doctors and nurses like this book because they practice basic medical diagnosis(诊断) regularly.
1. What does William W. Forgey introduce in detail in his book?| A．The ways of comforting injured climbers. |
| B．The steps to determine a medical problem. |
| C．The advice on keeping away from potential dangers. |
| D．Visual diagrams showing treatment options. |
| A．$21.99. | B．$13.59. | C．$12.79. | D．$32.95. |
| A．Wilderness Medicine: Beyond First Aid. |
| B．Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills. |
| C．Mountaineering: Essential Skills for Hikers and Climbers. |
| D．Medicine for Mountaineering & Other Wilderness Activities. |
