2 . During the outbreak of novel coronavirus, cities are locked down and borders are closed. Science, on the contrary, is becoming more open. And this “open science” is already making a difference.

Soon after the epidemic (流行病) started in China, a research team from Fudan University in Shanghai successfully sequenced (测定序列) the DNA of the virus. But they didn’t keep the information to themselves. Instead, they placed the sequences on GenBank, an open-access data platform, so researchers around the world could download them for free and start studying the virus.

Due to this openness, companies producing drugs across the globe are now able to work at the same time to develop a vaccine (疫苗). “There may be room for multiple different vaccines for different purposes and different age groups,” Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security in the US, told Al Jazeera. “The bigger menu we have of vaccines, the more flexible we’ll be when fighting against coronavirus outbreaks in the future.”

Major drug companies around the world are also sharing their study results. Remdesivir, a drug originally developed by US company Gilead Sciences to treat Ebola, is found to be promising in fighting against the novel coronavirus. Currently, two trials of the drug are already underway in China, and the results might be available as soon as April, according to The Verge.

This openness in science is going to be even more important in the future. “With climate change, increasing globalization, and population shifts, epidemics will not go away, and might even become more frequent,” Dan Barouch, a Harvard Medical School professor, told Harvard Magazine.

He said, “No one group can do everything. It has to be a cooperative approach. But I do think that the world has a greater sense of readiness this time to develop knowledge, drugs, and treatment very rapidly.”

Every epidemic is indeed a crisis, but it can also be a learning opportunity. One redeeming (补偿的) factor of the COVID-19 outbreak is that it is helping science adapt for the better.

1. What does the article mainly talk about?

A．Coordinated efforts to fight the epidemic in Africa.

B．Some scientific knowledge we’ve learned from the epidemic.

C．The significance of openness and sharing of scientific knowledge.

D．What needs to be done to prevent future epidemics.

2. The positive effect of what the research team from Fudan University did is that ________.

A．they alerted the world to the danger of the virus

B．they helped remove people’s fear of the virus

C．they showed the world how to produce a vaccine

D．they invited collective efforts worldwide to develop a vaccine

3. What is the author’s purpose of mentioning remdesivir in paragraph 4?

A．To introduce a possible cure for the epidemic.

B．To compare the treatment of Ebola and the novel coronavirus.

C．To prove that many drug companies readily share their discoveries.

D．To show that the novel coronavirus will soon be contained.

4. Which of the following would Dan Barouch probably disagree with?

A．Epidemics will be less frequent thanks to climate change.

B．The world is becoming better prepared to deal with epidemics.

C．No single group can fight against the epidemics independently.

D．The increase in globalization may bring about more epidemics.

3 . The secret of successful response

The novel coronavirus(新冠状病毒)is an uncommon threat. We don't know how bad it will be, nor do we know for how long it will spread. But we do know that it has already infected (感染) more than 18,000 people and killed many around the world. It also caused serious global economic damage. We need to adapt our responses to different countries and different parts of the same country in order to limit damage. Using data well is essential to such a successful response.

Data is key to all successful public health programs. In New York City, we raised tobacco taxes and made all indoor public places smoke free. Smoking rates declined at first but then the decline stopped. Because we had a tracking system in place, we realised that progress had stopped. So, we produced strong and direct no tobacco ads to the public. Our programs quickly reduced adult and teenager smoking, preventing more than 10,0000 deaths.

Every country facing the coronavirus disease needs to strengthen their data systems to track diseases, investigate skillfully and respond fast and successfully. Fast action will save lives and save money. But building the capacity to do this isn't free. It will cost about $1 to $2 per person per year for at least 10 years --- at least 30 billion. That's a lot of money for public health, but it's a tiny part of the amount lost when we don't know what we need to know about health threats.

Getting he data right is hardly quick and never easy, but it is always very important if we want to respond successfully, limit spread, and protect our communities and economy.

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Novel coronavirus has killed people and damaged economy.

B．New York City succeeded in reducing smoking with data.

C．We need a lot of money to build the capacity of fast action.

D．Using data will cure people infected with novel coronavirus,

2. Why does the author talk about smoking in paragraph 2?

A．To warn us that smoking is harmful.

B．To suggest us how to reduce smoking.

C．To show the significant role of data.

D．To protect people's physical health.

3. What is the author's opinion on the building of the capacity of fast response?

A．It is too expensive and many countries cannot afford it.

B．It is worthwhile and necessary to develop such a capacity.

C．It supports communities and saves lives and saves money.

D．It requires a tiny part of the amount lost by health threats.

4. What is the main idea of this passage?

A．The widespread of novel coronavirus has killed many people.

B．Using Data well is of vital importance to public health programs.

C．The importance of fighting against novel coronavirus.

D．The importance of raising tobacco taxes.