1 . Heart disease is one of the major killers in the world today. Many who suffer from it must have heart transplants(移植). However, it's difficult to get a suitable heart donation, and even if a patient survives the wait, his or her body often rejects the heart.
But there is now new hope for sufferers of heart disease. According to a study published in the journal Advanced Science, researchers from Israel's Tel Aviv University printed a 3D human heart on April 15, 2019.
“This is the first time anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart,” Professor Tal Dvir told CNN.
Unlike the previous 3D-printed heart structure, the new heart is complete with cells, blood vessels(血管), chambers(心室) and other structures a heart needs to function normally. But scientists still have more to figure out before the 3D-printed heart can be fitted into the body. For one thing, the experimental heart is only the size of a thumb. And, although it can contract(收缩) like a muscle, it cannot pump out blood like a real one. At present, the heart prototype(样品) is like a tiny airplane that has all of the right parts, but can't fly.
However, the development is still regarded as a major breakthrough in medicine.
In the experiment, the researchers turned human fat tissue(脂肪组织) into human heart tissue with stem cell(干细胞) technology. The tissue was then turned into “bio-ink” for a 3D printer to ensure that tissue in the heart came from the patients themselves. So ideally, if it were to be placed in the body of someone in need of a transplant, there would be less risk of organ rejection.
“Patients will no longer have to wait for transplants or take medications to prevent their rejection,” researchers told USA Today. “Instead, the needed heart will be printed, fully personalized(个性化的) for every patient.”
“Maybe, in 10 years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world and these procedures will be conducted routinely,” Dvir said.
1. Why is the 3D-printed heart important?| A．It will be used on a patient. | B．It is the first 3D-printed heart. |
| C．It will replace a heart donation. | D．It has a complete heart structure. |
| A．They cost too much. | B．They are too small. |
| C．They can't contract. | D．They are hard to produce. |
| A．It would be made with stem cell technology. |
| B．It would be made from human fat tissue. |
| C．It would come from a patient's body. |
| D．It would be printed according to the patient's condition. |
| A．His coach | B．A doctor | C．A swimmer. |
3 . It was a pleasant surprise to learn this week that three large poultry companies had greatly reduced their use of antibiotics in healthy chickens, a move that could help slow the appearance of antibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause diseases in humans. Other companies ought to follow the lead of these pioneers, and Congress ought to ban the use of medically important antibiotics in animal husbandry except to cure sick animals.
Strong action is needed because many germs that infect humans are growing resistant to treatment with antibiotics. Such resistance occurs unavoidably over time as antibiotic kills off vulnerable strains of a germ and leaves only the more resistant strains to multiply. But in recent decades the growth of resistance has been increased by overuse of antibiotics in agriculture, where companies routinely use the drugs to promote growth on less feed and to prevent disease in healthy animals. As a result, some germs that infect both animals and humans have become resistant to antibiotics, and even germs that do not infect humans are capable of transferring their antibiotic-resistance genes to germs that do.
That is why the report in Sunday's Times by Marian Burros was so encouraging. She found that three poultry companies that produce a third of the chickens consumed by Americans each year - Foster Farms, Perdue Farms and Tyson Foods — have greatly reduced the use of antibiotics in healthy chickens and are using them primarily to treat sick chickens.
There is no reason that other poultry producers could not do the same, and probably the pork and beef industries as well. It is unacceptable that any industry should use medically important antibiotics for the economic purpose of fostering growth. Congress and the Food and Drug Administration need to restrain the use of animal antibiotics that are related to human medicines.
1. it can be inferred from the first paragraph that _________ .| A．three poultry companies are forced to use fewer antibiotics |
| B．other companies have followed the practice of the pioneers |
| C．antibiotic resistance in bacteria may result in human disease |
| D．antibiotics are never needed in whatever kind of situations |
| A．is insignificant in disease prevention |
| B．is unavoidable in the poultry industry |
| C．decreases bacteria resistant to the antibiotics |
| D．threatens the effectiveness of related medicines |
| A．To illustrate how the three poultry companies use antibiotics |
| B．To emphasize the functions of antibiotics in animal husbandry |
| C．To show the author's prediction of the future use of antibiotics |
| D．To represent the decline in antibiotics use in the poultry industry |
| A．increase | B．limit | C．promote | D．restore |
| A．Intolerable | B．Favorable | C．Neutral | D．Ambiguous |
4 . A T-shirt that constantly monitors the heart's activity and detects abnormalities could help protect people against stroke. The T-shirt, which can be washed up to 35 times before it needs replacing, has been developed to improve the detection of dangerous heart conditions like atrial fibrillation（心房颤动）,which causes an irregular heart rhythm and raises the risk of stroke.
At least one million people in Britain are known to have this condition; however, it's estimated that at least another 50（）, 000 have it but haven't yet been diagnosed because they have no obvious symptoms. Some will have symptoms such as chest pain, dizziness and fatigue； but a large number of people have no idea they're ill until they suffer a stroke.
Detecting atrial fibrillation involves carrying out an ECG（心电图）.Conventional ECGs are done in a hospital and involve highly trained teams of staff attaching up to 24 separate electrodes（电 极）to different parts of the body to measure electrical signals. But most patients experience abnormal rhythms only intermittently（间歇地）. This means the chance of picking them up during a short hospital check is slim.
Doctors sometimes issue patients with a device called a Holter monitor to wear under their clothes to try to pick up cardiac(心脏的）problems. This is an electronic box which clips onto your waistband and is connected to a series of electrodes worn on the upper part of your body. But the box itself is quite bulky, hard to hide beneath clothing and involves a dozen or more wires being attached to the patient's chest.
The Cardioskin T-shirt, which is made from cotton, could be a much more convenient alternative and can be worn 24 hours a day—meaning it is more likely to pick up any abnormal rhythms in the patients heart. It has 15 tiny electrodes woven into the material which are strategically placed around the chest area to track the electrical signals from the heart as they travel across the main part of your body.
The electrodes are powered by a battery which can be removed easily when you need to wash the T-shirt and feed results to a microchip which then sends them out wirelessly to an app. This converts（转换）the data into an easy-to-read chart showing if the heart rate is abnormal. The results are shared with the patient's doctor so they can check the patient's heart without having to call them into the hospital.
Martin Cowie, a professor of cardiology at Imperial College London, said, "Cardioskin could be an important development for cardiologists.”
1. How many British people are having dangerous heart conditions according to the text?| A．Less than 0.5 million. | B．Less than 1 million, |
| C．At least 1.5 million. | D．At least 2 million. |
| A．The difficulty in detecting atrial fibrillation. |
| B．The benefit of detecting atrial fibrillation. |
| C．The process of detecting atrial fibrillation. |
| D．The future of detecting atrial fibrillation. |
| A．To show the advantage of a Cardioskin T-shirt over it. |
| B．To introduce a way to check the patient’s heart. |
| C．To encourage people to care about their health. |
| D．To explain why doctors like using the device. |
| A．It has a battery that can be charged easily and quickly. |
| B．It can be worn a month without being washed. |
| C．It has electrodes placed all over the T-shirt. |
| D．It can make the process of diagnosis timely and convenient. |
| A．New ECG that could be an important development for doctors. |
| B．Hi-tech T-shirt that could help doctors spot risk of stroke. |
| C．Holter monitor that could track patients' heart problems. |
| D．Cardioskin T-shirt that could prevent patients from diseases. |
5 . A trial project by the Montreal Children's Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis(催眠)can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging imaging(医学影像) procedures.
“During the examination children don't move. It works perfectly. It's amazing,“ said Johanne L'Ecuyer, a medical-imaging technologist at the hospital.
The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen University Hospital Centre where examinations are done under hypnosis instead of general anesthesia(麻醉）.
A French medical-imaging technologist-also a hypnotist — was invited to train a few members in the medical-imaging department of the children's hospital. In all, 80 examinations were conducted for the project between January and September, 2019, focusing on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety.
Hypnosis is not a state of sleep: It is rather a modified(改变的)state of consciousness. The technologist will guide the patient to this modified state—an imaginary world that will disassociate itself more and more from the procedure that follows.
“The technologist must build up a story with the patient," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "The patient is left with the power to choose what he wants to talk about. Do you play sports? Do you like going to the beach? We establish a subject that we will discuss throughout the procedure."
Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this story — an injection （注射）becomes the bite of an insect; the heat on the skin becomes the sensation of the sun and a machine that rings becomes a police car passing nearby.
“The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient's body with what the patient sees in his head," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "It requires creativity on the part of the technologist, imagination, a lot of patience and kindness."
The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January. It spread like wildfire that someone from France was here to train the technologists," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. She added that she had a line of staff at her door wanting to take the training.
1. One of the results produced by the trial project is ________ .| A．a better understanding of children |
| B．less use of certain medicines |
| C．new medical-imaging technology |
| D．an improved reputation of the hospital |
| A．assist in treating a patient |
| B．carry out hypnosis training |
| C．start up a new department |
| D．learn about the procedure |
| A．creating a perfect world for patients |
| B．forcing patients into a state of deep sleep |
| C．putting patients into an unconscious state |
| D．leading patients' consciousness away from reality |
| A．It should keep pace with the procedure. |
| B．It reflects the patient's creativity. |
| C．It is selected by the technologist. |
| D．It tells what doctors are doing to the patient. |
| A．uncertainty |
| B．enthusiasm |
| C．worry |
| D．criticism |
| A．An easy way to communicate with patients. |
| B．The standard method of conducting hypnosis. |
| C．An introduction of medical-imaging technology. |
| D．The use of hypnosis in medical-imaging procedures. |
Diana Rae of Tenino, Washington, demonstrates Virtua/（虚拟的）Urgent Care with Dr. Ben Green in Seattle, who consults with her via Skype.
Telemedicine is the name for when doctors give advice to patients by telephone or the Internet, or when health care providers in rural areas connect with specialists in big cities.
Telemedicine has existed for a long time, but the rise of smartphone, tablets and webcam-equipped computers is raising telemedicine to new levels. Some health care systems in the United States now offer Virtual Urgent Care, patients see a doctor by video chat without having to leave home.
Diana Rae recently demonstrated how Virtual Urgent Care works. She used an iPad tablet and Skype—-the video chat service.
Doctor Green first has the patient describe her symptoms. Then the doctor performs a physical exam by demonstrating what he wants her to do. Doctor Green decides that the problem is an infection and gives her some penicillin for medicine. He says about 3 out of 4 patients who have health problems can be treated like this—through Virtual Urgent Care, which means a video chat could substitute a visit to the doctor’s office.
Franciscan charges $35 for this kind of virtual house call, that is much less than the cost of going to an emergency room, a doctor’s office or an urgent care clinic. After trying the video conference, Diana Rae says she would be happy to pay the 35 dollars, when she was recently home with a bad cold. "I would have paid twice that for the convenience of getting taken care of without having to sit in a waiting room, wait, and get exposed to everyone else’s germs." Rae said.
But a company official says state rules have not kept progress with development in telemedicine. The workers who provide Virtual Urgent Care must be licensed separately in each state where the company does business. For now, that means Franciscan doctors can treat patients in Washington state and California, for example, but not in neighboring Oregon or Idaho.
1. What is helping telemedicine to rise to new stages?（No more than 8 words）2. What does the underlined word "substitute" mean?（1 word）
3. Why would Diana Rae be happy to pay Virtual Urgent Care even more?（No more than 10 words）
4. Why can’t Virtual Urgent Care develop fast now?（No more than 10 words）
5. What do you think of Virtual Urgent Care’s future? Why?（No more than 20 words）
7 . A blocked airway can kill someone in three to four minutes, but it can take more than eight minutes for an ambulance to arrive. So a simple procedure such as opening someone’s airway can save their life while they’re waiting for emergency medical help. This means you’re more likely to give first aid to someone you know than a stranger.
There are many misconceptions surrounding first aid. Below are the "most popular" ones with details of what you should do.
Top four first aid misconceptions:
You should put butter or cream on a burn. The only thing you should put on a burn is cold water—keep the butter for cooking. Put the affected area under cold running water for at least ten minutes
The best way to treat bleeding is to put the wound under a tap. If you put a bleeding wound under a tap, you wash away the body`s clotting agents（凝血剂）and make it bleed more. Instead, put pressure on the wound with whatever is available to stop or slow down the flow of blood. As soon as possible call 911. Keep pressure on the wound until help arrives.
Nosebleeds are best treated by putting the head back. If you put the head back during a nosebleed, all the blood goes down the back of the airway. Instead, advise them to tilt（倾斜）their head forwards and ask them to pinch（捏）the end of their nose and breathe through their mouth.
You need lots of training to do first aid. You don’t—what you mostly need is common sense. You can learn enough first aid knowledge in a few minutes to save someone`s life—whether it`s from reading a book, attending a course or watching videos online.
Remember that anyone can save a life.
1. The most important point to save an airway blocked person’s life is to________.| A．keep his airway open |
| B．ensure the ambulance’s arriving time |
| C．keep the surroundings quiet |
| D．ask for emergency medical help immediately |
| A．put some cream on the burn area |
| B．heat up some butter for the burn |
| C．place the burn under cold running water |
| D．wash the affected area for a long time |
| A．It will help the bleeding stop at once. |
| B．The wound will help produce more clotting agents. |
| C．It will produce more pressure on the wound. |
| D．The wound will bleed more and it is hard to stop the bleeding. |
| A．When a person’s nose bleeds, please put the head back. |
| B．You can learn first aid quickly in different ways. |
| C．When a person is burnt, keep pressure on the burn until help arrives. |
| D．Not everyone can do first aid to save a life. |
| A．how to learn first aid by yourself |
| B．some misunderstandings about first aid |
| C．the importance of first aid |
| D．how to help the medical team save a life |
8 . CPR（cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏术）and first aid are related topics. It could be said that first aid is the more general of the two, and training in first aid might include instructions and practice on how to respond to a variety of medical emergencies that could be posing threat to life or to a part of a person’s body. One such medical emergency could be cessation（停止）of breathing or heartbeat, and the appropriate response, in this case, might be to perform CPR. Thus, CPR can be seen as a type of first-aid response.
There can be differences in the amount of first-aid training people learn, and courses can sometimes be broken down into emergency and standard training. Standard training is actually the more extensive of the two, and would include teaching and learning how to handle a variety of medical situations like bites from insects or animals, broken bones, poisoning, childbirth, and care of wounds. Emergency first aid tends to be limited to the teaching of CPR, how to handle choking emergencies, and instruction on wound care for heavy bleeding.
CPR and first aid may be taught together or are sometimes taken as separate courses. People may need a whole day of practice or longer before getting CPR certification, which should be obtained from recognized agencies like the Red Cross. The big difference between CPR and first aid, in terms of taking classes, is that CPR focuses only on learning to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation and recognize those circumstances as soon as possible in which it should be performed; while first-aid classes may teach this too, but they will teach in the broader context of how people need to respond to lots of different injuries or illness.
The issue of CPR and first aid may get confusing when people are asked to get training in one or both of these. Some people may be asked to take a first-aid course and have CPR training. Those who need more extensive training in standard first aid certainly won’t satisfy this need by only taking a CPR course. Those confused about what training they need should get this issue clear with the person（usually an employer）requesting the training.
Being able to respond first in a medical emergency usually means needing to know CPR, but other knowledge could be just as essential. For instance, how to stop uncontrollable bleeding or how to handle an episode of anaphylactic shock（过敏性休克）could be vital too.
1. What is the purpose of performing CPR?| A．To be qualified as a first-aid trainer. |
| B．To gain practical knowledge of first aid. |
| C．To deal with all the medical emergencies. |
| D．To make a person’s heart start beating again. |
| A．CPR works faster when someone breaks his leg. |
| B．Standard training deals with more medical cases. |
| C．Emergency first aid is more useful than CPR. |
| D．CPR includes most courses of emergency training. |
| A．After finishing the CPR training. |
| B．After saving someone with CPR. |
| C．When practicing a whole day in Red Cross. |
| D．When getting instructions from recognized agencies. |
| A．They are often given in one day. |
| B．CPR training might be included. |
| C．They are intended for professionals. |
| D．They focus on less urgent medical problems. |
| A．How can you receive first-aid training? |
| B．What can you usually learn in a first aid class? |
| C．What is the difference between CPR and first aid? |
| D．Why is CPR the most important first aid response? |
9 . Kim Stemple was a special-education teacher. In 2012, she found herself in Boston hospital being
Before she got too
After Stemple hung the medal on the wall, other
People who have received the medals have
Can a simple medal
| A．checked | B．accepted | C．visited | D．treated |
| A．friendly | B．unhappy | C．generous | D．impolite |
| A．sick | B．tired | C．lazy | D．busy |
| A．dancing | B．teaching | C．racing | D．playing |
| A．entered | B．finished | C．trained for | D．heard of |
| A．encouragement | B．assessment | C．experiment | D．punishment |
| A．doctors | B．patients | C．singers | D．runners |
| A．succeeding | B．breathing | C．thinking | D．worrying |
| A．secret | B．brief | C．strange | D．positive |
| A．collects | B．protects | C．wins | D．separates |
| A．in need | B．in place | C．in action | D．in power |
| A．met | B．included | C．thanked | D．ignored |
| A．innocent | B．beneficial | C．current | D．original |
| A．compete | B．connect | C．agree | D．compare |
| A．appears | B．complains | C．cares | D．pays |
| A．hardly | B．normally | C．suddenly | D．really |
| A．suffers | B．comes | C．differs | D．hears |
| A．book | B．tool | C．medal | D．photo |
| A．scared | B．surprised | C．confused | D．excited |
| A．lends | B．sells | C．means | D．adds |
(1) “中医”有着悠久的历史，经过了数千年的实践和发展；
(2) “中医”也是一门科学，它的优点正得到越来越广泛的认可；
(3) 你自己对“中医”的看法。
注意：(1)词数不少于 100；
(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：“中医” Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）
Dear Chris,
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Yours,
Li Jin
