1 . 22-year-old New Jersey resident Joe DiMeo had a rare face and hands transplant last August. In 2019, DiMeo fell asleep at the wheel after working a night shift as a product tester for a drug company. The car hit a pole flipped over, and burst into flames. Another driver who saw the accident pulled over to rescue DiMeo.
Afterward, he underwent 20 surgeries and many skin grafts to treat his third-degree burns. Once it became clear that traditional surgeries couldn’t help him regain full vision or use of his hands, DiMeo’s medical team began preparing for the risky transplant. Almost immediately, the team encountered challenges including finding a donor. However, about two years later the team finally identified a donor in Delaware and completed the 23-hour procedure a few days later.
US surgeons have completed at least 18 face transplants and 35 hand transplants, according to the United Network for Organ Sharing(UNOS), which oversees the nation’s transplant system. But the face and double hand transplant is extremely rare and had only been tried twice before. The first attempt was in 2009 on a patient in Paris who died about a month later from complications. Two years later, Boston doctors tried it again on a woman, but had to remove the transplanted hands days later.
As with any transplant, the danger of rejection is the highest early on, but lasts endlessly. “You’re never free from that risk,” a doctor said. “Transplantation for any patient is a process that plays out over a long period of time.” Still, the doctor was amazed to see that DiMeo was able to master skills like zipping up his jacket and putting on his shoes. “It’s very pleasing and satisfying to all of us.” So far, DiMeo has not shown any signs of rejecting his new face or hands. “You got a new chance at life. You really can’t give up,” he said.
1. Why did DiMeo need surgeries?| A．He got injured after being hit by another driver. | B．He had an accident during his shift. |
| C．He was tested for a drug company. | D．He got burned in a car accident. |
| A．Lack of donors. | B．Repeated surgeries. |
| C．Serious complications. | D．No previous practice to follow. |
| A．To prove medical technology has greatly advanced. |
| B．To explain about the dangers of such surgeries. |
| C．To show DiMeo’s operation was a success. |
| D．To stress such surgeries should be avoided. |
| A．It is possible to avoid the danger of rejection. |
| B．DiMeo’s improvement gave them a sense of pride. |
| C．Transplantation is a life-saving chance for patients. |
| D．it is impossible for any high-risk patient to recover. |
2 . CPR（cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏术）and first aid are related topics. It could be said that first aid is the more general of the two, and training in first aid might include instructions and practice on how to respond to a variety of medical emergencies that could be posing threat to life or to a part of a person’s body. One such medical emergency could be cessation（停止）of breathing or heartbeat, and the appropriate response, in this case, might be to perform CPR. Thus, CPR can be seen as a type of first-aid response.
There can be differences in the amount of first-aid training people learn, and courses can sometimes be broken down into emergency and standard training. Standard training is actually the more extensive of the two, and would include teaching and learning how to handle a variety of medical situations like bites from insects or animals, broken bones, poisoning, childbirth, and care of wounds. Emergency first aid tends to be limited to the teaching of CPR, how to handle choking emergencies, and instruction on wound care for heavy bleeding.
CPR and first aid may be taught together or are sometimes taken as separate courses. People may need a whole day of practice or longer before getting CPR certification, which should be obtained from recognized agencies like the Red Cross. The big difference between CPR and first aid, in terms of taking classes, is that CPR focuses only on learning to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation and recognize those circumstances as soon as possible in which it should be performed; while first-aid classes may teach this too, but they will teach in the broader context of how people need to respond to lots of different injuries or illness.
The issue of CPR and first aid may get confusing when people are asked to get training in one or both of these. Some people may be asked to take a first-aid course and have CPR training. Those who need more extensive training in standard first aid certainly won’t satisfy this need by only taking a CPR course. Those confused about what training they need should get this issue clear with the person（usually an employer）requesting the training.
Being able to respond first in a medical emergency usually means needing to know CPR, but other knowledge could be just as essential. For instance, how to stop uncontrollable bleeding or how to handle an episode of anaphylactic shock（过敏性休克）could be vital too.
1. What is the purpose of performing CPR?| A．To be qualified as a first-aid trainer. |
| B．To gain practical knowledge of first aid. |
| C．To deal with all the medical emergencies. |
| D．To make a person’s heart start beating again. |
| A．CPR works faster when someone breaks his leg. |
| B．Standard training deals with more medical cases. |
| C．Emergency first aid is more useful than CPR. |
| D．CPR includes most courses of emergency training. |
| A．After finishing the CPR training. |
| B．After saving someone with CPR. |
| C．When practicing a whole day in Red Cross. |
| D．When getting instructions from recognized agencies. |
| A．They are often given in one day. |
| B．CPR training might be included. |
| C．They are intended for professionals. |
| D．They focus on less urgent medical problems. |
| A．How can you receive first-aid training? |
| B．What can you usually learn in a first aid class? |
| C．What is the difference between CPR and first aid? |
| D．Why is CPR the most important first aid response? |
