1 . One morning, Chand, working as an assistant in an Indian hospital, spotted me outside the Covid-19 ward (病房). I was then
So Chand
I was
Later, I often
When my brother was discharged after nearly a month, I sent a message, expressing my gratitude to him for his
| A．desperately | B．awfully | C．normally | D．kindly |
| A．surgery | B．instruction | C．condition | D．medicine |
| A．patients | B．doctors | C．nurses | D．assistants |
| A．rose up | B．attended | C．walked up | D．replied |
| A．called for | B．accepted | C．shouted for | D．offered |
| A．better | B．stronger | C．sadder | D．worse |
| A．annoyed | B．satisfied | C．dizzy | D．grateful |
| A．scared | B．hurt | C．sensitive | D．envied |
| A．supply | B．words | C．influence | D．choices |
| A．turned in | B．called in | C．relied on | D．took on |
| A．comfort | B．ideas | C．caution | D．solutions |
| A．changed | B．meant | C．conveyed | D．benefited |
| A．technical | B．enjoyable | C．timely | D．previous |
| A．movement | B．devotion | C．decision | D．achievement |
| A．boy | B．friend | C．man | D．hero |
2 . One of the important, but seldom-discussed, problems in healthcare reform is how to take care of our aging population as people continue to live longer. According to a new study from the MacArthur Research Network on an Aging Society, by 2050 Americans may live 3.1 to 7. 9 years longer than the government expects. That would mean women would live 89 to 93 years and men 83 to nearly 86 years. The researchers base their conclusion on "rapid advances in biomedical（生物医药）technology that delay the start and progression of major deadly diseases or that slow the aging process・”
While this is good news, especially for the young, the life expectancy, which is in excess of（超过）the government's estimates, would raise costs sharply for Medicare and Social Security. If the study's predictions are accurate, the total cost for those two programs through 2050 could be between $ 3. 2 trillion and $ & 3 trillion higher than the US Census Bureau（人口普查局）and the Social Security Administration currently expect.
And that's only the beginning. With anticipated scientific breakthroughs in coming decades, people could eventually live to 150 years of age, says Dr. Steven Joyal, an official of the Life Extension Foundation (LEF) a nonprofit organization that promotes research on how we can live longer and healthier. The MacArthur paper, in fact, says that some experts believe the average life expectancy could hit 100 by 2060.
What's more, Joyal says, the conquest（战胜）of disease and the slowing of the aging process will lead to a sharp decline in disability, allowing people of advanced age to function as well as they did when they were much younger. "In other words, a 90-year-old person could have the same mental and physical capacity as somebody 40 or 50 years old."
1. What does the new study show?| A．Americans will live much longer by 2050 than they do now. |
| B．Great progress has been made in the US in public security. |
| C．Few people pay attention to the health care reform in the US. |
| D．Fewer Americans suffer from deadly disease now than before. |
| A．Social security. |
| B．Biomedical technology. |
| C．Healthcare reform. |
| D．New research in health cam. |
| A．The aging process will speed up. |
| B．It adds to the chance of being disabled. |
| C．The old will have some mental problems. |
| D．It will increase public costs for the government. |
| A．Life for Senior Citizens in the US |
| B．The Longer Life Expectancy in the Future |
| C．The Disadvantage of Longer Life Expectancy |
| D．What Can Be Done to Support So Many Aged People |
3 . People have different ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over the counter medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗) like herbal tea or chicken soup. Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.
So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work? According to James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it's easy to believe it's medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, USA Today reported.
It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figure out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral drugs work. They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.
The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒) A and B. But they didn't find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006. All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C.
''This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinoviruses,'' study leader Professor Ann C. Palmenberg at the University of Wiscons in Madison, US, told Science Daily.
Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly detailed 3D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses.
With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don't really work.
1. What does the author think of popular remedies for a common cold?| A．They are quite effective. | B．They are slightly helpful. |
| C．They actually have no effect. | D．They still need to be improved. |
| A．By breaking up cold viruses directly. |
| B．By changing the surface structures of the cold viruses. |
| C．By preventing colds from developing into serious diseases. |
| D．By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time. |
| A．The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar. |
| B．Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold. |
| C．Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently. |
| D．Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure. |
| A．Drugs against cold viruses | B．Helpful home remedies |
| C．No current cure for common cold | D．Research on cold viruses |
1.你扭伤的情况；2.Tom如何对你进行急救；3.向他表达你的感激之情。
注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
My name is Li Hua, who was assisted by you last Sunday.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
5 . Hospitals employ many therapeutic (治疗的) methods, such as medication (药物治疗), massage (按摩) therapy and music therapy. And music therapy is growing in popularity.
Sandra Siedliecki is a Senior Scientist at the Nursing Institute of Cleveland Clinic in Ohio. She says music is a low-cost treatment. And she says scientists have done a lot of research on music’s effect on pain. Dr. Marian Good did a lot of studies looking at surgery (外科) patients and the use of music. In her studies, patients just listened to relaxing music. Dr. Good found that her surgery patients took fewer painkillers after they listened to music. Music had a good effect on short-term pain. However, chronic pain, the kind that recurs (复发) continually, changed little under the effect of music.
Dr. Linda Chlan was studying something different. She was not interested in patients’ pain, but instead, their anxiety. She spent a lot of time with people who were in the hospital because their anxiety was so great that they couldn’t breathe. People with this condition often have to use breathing machines. Dr. Chlan said that the machines sometimes did little to improve their condition. Sometimes they even made things worse. The patients would become more anxious. Dr. Chlan let nurses tell patients that music was a good choice to make them feel better. They also placed signs near the patients’ beds—Listen to your music at least twice a day. The people who listened to music had a reduction (减少) in the amount of medication they received. In addition, their anxiety reduced by about 36 percent.
Both doctors had similar explanations for why music was so helpful. Music can be a very powerful distracter (干扰) in the brain when we’re listening to music that is pleasing and then it interrupts stressful thoughts.
1. Dr. Marian Good’s studies show that music therapy
.| A．can help patients recover fast |
| B．cannot take the place of medication |
| C．doesn’t work well on all patients |
| D．is cheaper than massage therapy and medication |
| A．Dr. Good and Dr. Chlan didn’t agree with each other on music’s effect. |
| B．Patients will forget their illnesses completely while listening to music. |
| C．Patients with great anxiety would not recover after taking medicine. |
| D．Listening to enjoyable music is a good way to relieve anxiety. |
| A．The brain. | B．Music. |
| C．Stress. | D．Medicine. |
| A．To show that music therapy is useful. |
| B．To encourage all patients to listen to music. |
| C．To tell how to reduce pain and anxiety. |
| D．To explain how music reduces pain and anxiety. |
6 . We all know the saying, “Nobody is perfect.” It has been planted in our brains since we were children, and of course, it is the truth. So if nobody is perfect, why do we have such a hard time admitting when we are in trouble or need help?
Like many other young people trying to get through their first year of college, I felt anxiety, and it had its grips on me pretty tight. It began getting in the way of my life, and I had to sit down and tell myself that my behavior was not healthy and there was a solution. Finally, I decided to turn to therapy(精神疗法).
Therapy. It has such a negative stigma (污名), but why? Does going to therapy mean that you are failing as a person or that you cannot fix your problems on your own? No. Going to therapy means that you are strong enough to recognize that something inside your head is not working correctly, and you are brave enough to try to fix it.
After a couple of weeks, many parts of my life became so much clearer. I began to understand that I, myself, am my worst enemy, which was pretty frightening. But, although frightened, I knew that it was only I who could guide me towards feeling better, and that was extremely empowering.
I have been guided towards a healthier mindset, one that is positive and powerful. I have been able to understand that no matter what happens in my life. I will always be okay.
A lot of people do not understand that it is normal to have negative feelings and sometimes to feel like we have lost control over certain parts of our lives. Seeing a therapist can greatly change your way of thinking about something if you keep your mind open and I am so thankful that I decided to go and do something for myself.
If you are in need of help, you can go to therapy and then everything will be okay.
1. In the author’s opinion, going to therapy ________.| A．means you are failing as a person | B．you’re brave enough to solve your problems |
| C．can make others think wrongly about you | D．can be quite unnecessary and helpful |
| A．She became more positive and confident. | B．She became too frightened of her own life. |
| C．She became worried about her anxiety. | D．She realized college was her worst enemy. |
| A．To tell us how to think positively. | B．To show it is OK to be imperfect. |
| C．To share her college life with us. | D．To help us know better about therapy. |
7 . “That’s funny! These fellows in the middle of the plate have died，” Dr Alexander Fleming was talking to another doctor in a laboratory in London.He had been studying some germs (细菌)that he was growing on a plate.They were very dangerous germs because they caused different kinds of illnesses that could kill people.Dr Fleming found that a mould (霉菌) had floated in through the window landing on the plate.It had killed some of the germs it had touched.
“This certainly looks promising，” Fleming said.“We must grow some of this mould to see if it will kill other germs.”
He named the strange mould “penicillin”．It proved to be a killer of many germs.Fifty mice were given deadly germs and then half of them were injected (注射) with penicillin.The twentyfive untreated mice died，but twentyfour of those that had been treated with penicillin lived.Dr Fleming wrote a report about what he had found out.Hardly anybody took any notice of it.
In 1938 Dr Howard Florey，an Australian working in London, read Dr Fleming’s report and was very interested.He found that penicillin was effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings.
When World War II broke out，it was not possible to make enough penicillin in England.Dr Florey went to America where he helped to have enormous amounts of this wonderful drug made.It saved the lives of thousands of soldiers，sailors and airmen who would have died from their wounds if the hospitals had not had penicillin.
1. Dr Alexander Fleming ______.| A．had been studying a mould which was very dangerous and could kill people |
| B．had been studying some of the germs on a plate which could cure illnesses |
| C．had been making experiments on some germs that he was growing on a plate |
| D．had been making experiments on different germs that could help sick people to get better |
| A．they had been given deadly germs and had been injected with penicillin |
| B．they were almost dead ahead of the experiment |
| C．they were easy to die in the experiment |
| D．they had been given deadly germs and had not been injected with penicillin |
| A．left England for America，making the drug |
| B．went to America to save the lives of thousands of soldiers，sailors and airmen |
| C．found penicillin effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings |
| D．went to America to make this drug for mice |
| A．rest | B．appropriate |
| C．little | D．huge |
8 . Head injuries typically come from trauma (创伤) caused by hard or sharp objects. The skull does not have to be broken, but can be. If the skull is soft when touched, or missing, the victim is likely to have an open or depressed skull fracture (骨折). If a skull fracture is suspected, call 911 immediately.
A closed head injury is an injury to the brain inside an undamaged skull. Injury to the brain causes swelling, which quickly increases the pressure within the skull. The increased pressure causes more damage to the brain, which causes more swelling, and so on.
Some types of closed head injury stop the cycle automatically, while others will continue to get worse until the victim dies. The only way to tell the difference is through a CT scan, which looks at the brain and the skull using X-rays.
In all cases of injury to the head and neck, it’s vital not to move the victim at will. Support his or her head in the position you found it. Backbones can be injured from movement of the head during trauma. Broken or displaced backbones can cut or put pressure on the nerves of the spinal cord, causing temporary or permanent inability to move and loss of feeling.
Vomiting (呕吐) can lead to problems with the victim's airway. If the victim begins vomiting and is unconscious, place the victim in the recovery position to let the vomit flow from the victim’s mouth.
It is a misunderstanding that head injury victims should be kept awake. If a victim of trauma to the head does not have any of the signs or symptoms (症状) of a closed head injury or skull fracture，there is no reason to keep him or her awake. Once asleep, wake the victim up about 30 minutes later to make sure he or she can be aroused. If you are unable to wake him or her up. Call 911 immediately.
1. What should we do when seeing a victim with a damaged skull?| A．Call an ambulance right away. |
| B．Cover him or her with a blanket first. |
| C．Place him or her in a cool place as soon as possible. |
| D．Put him or her in the recovery position immediately. |
| A．It will cause a drop in the pressure within the skull. |
| B．It is often accompanied by an open skull fracture. |
| C．It will make the brain swell worse and worse. |
| D．It can be of different types. |
| A．cause them to vomit. | B．do further injuries to them. |
| C．put great pressure on their skulls | D．lead to their permanent loss of memory |
| A．Not all the head-injured people need to stay awake. |
| B．Not all the vomiting stops naturally 30 minutes later. |
| C．Not all the victims of trauma to the head will be sleepy. |
| D．Not all the symptoms of closed head injury are noticeable |
9 . Over a four-year period, Swiss researchers have developed a machine that can keep human livers (肝)alive outside of the body for one week.
Livers are among the most commonly transplanted (移植)human organs. Current technology can only keep human livers alive for up to 24 hours. It is reported that, in 2017, about 8.000 liver transplants were performed in the U.S., of which 360 used livers from living givers In addition, about 11,500 people were registered on a waiting list to receive a liver transplant. Keeping livers alive and functioning for longer periods could greatly improve the chances of survival for patients.
The researchers say the purpose of their “Liver4Life” machine is to perform what they call liver perfusion (灌注)operations outside of the human body. Perfusion is the process by which blood or other liquids are pumped through organs and tissue. The machine keeps the liver at the right temperature and moves it in a way that would be natural in the body. Using a pump to fill the liver with blood acting like a human heart, the machine also provides oxygen to the organ, controls red blood cell levels and removes waste.
The research team began their experiments with livers from pigs. After repeated testing and engineering development, they succeeded in getting the pig livers to survive for seven days with support only provided from the Liver4Life machine. They also discovered the system can work to repair damaged livers. The team is now planning its next step to transplant machine-treated organs into patients.
Pierre-Alain Clavien. leader of the research said in a statement. “This technology will greatly increase the number of livers available for transplant, improving the chances of survival for patients. The success of this unique machine opens the way for many new applications in transplantation and cancer medicine.”
1. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2?| A．Introduce a brand new topic for discussion. |
| B．Provide some latest data about present liver transplants. |
| C．Show the urgency of tech improvement in liver transplants. |
| D．Remind readers concerned of the importance of a healthy liver. |
| A．The machine. | B．The liver. |
| C．The temperature. | D．The tissue. |
| A．It is among the most commonly used machines for liver transplants. |
| B．It is aimed to carry out liver perfusion operations in the human body. |
| C．It can perform several functions to keep the liver working normally. |
| D．It can be used to keep the pig livers alive for more than one week. |
| A．A biology textbook. | B．A first aid brochure. |
| C．A social web page. | D．A health magazine. |
10 . When you first hear the words “lung cancer”, you will think that’s the end of the world. Camille, a 53 -year-old mother of two teens is not
With proper
As part of that gratitude,
“I’ve always been the caretaker and the volunteer, but people have helped me, particularly in the last couple of months, so I really want to
| A．asleep | B．alone | C．lonely | D．together |
| A．make sense | B．make up | C．make sure | D．make out |
| A．benefiting | B．escaping | C．traveling | D．deserving |
| A．relaxation | B．protection | C．entertainment | D．treatment |
| A．program | B．process | C．routine | D．service |
| A．manage | B．monitor | C．follow | D．record |
| A．help | B．accompany | C．greet | D．save |
| A．besides | B．moreover | C．otherwise | D．instead |
| A．surprise | B．nature | C．special | D．normal |
| A．stand | B．remember | C．realize | D．lie |
| A．pitiful | B．grateful | C．cautious | D．impatient |
| A．struggling | B．engineering | C．volunteering | D．pioneering |
| A．take | B．look | C．return | D．give |
| A．situation | B．occupation | C．relationship | D．system |
| A．opinions | B．options | C．difficulties | D．decisions |
