1 . Healthy human skin is covered with bacteria (细菌) that are quick to settle in an open wound. To prevent these organisms from spreading through the body, which can permanently injure or kill a person, the infected wound may need to be cleaned and treated with antibiotics. Medical professionals typically identify infections by unwrapping and observing a wound or by swabbing (用拭子擦拭) it and conducting a laboratory test. But removing a wound dressing can slow down the healing process. Plus, observations are subjective, while swab tests take time and require that a patient be physically present.
To address these issues, some research teams are developing devices that sit under bandages and continuously monitor indirect signs of infection, such as changes in wound temperature or acidity. And scientists at the National University of Singapore have now created an even more direct infection sensor.
This sensor can detect an enzyme (酶) called DNase. The enzyme acts as a reliable infection indicator because disease-causing bacteria produce it in large amounts inside wounds, whereas bacteria on healthy skin do not—so testing for the substance reduces the chance of a false positive result. Furthermore, DNase builds up before other infection signs appear. The new alert system, nicknamed the“wireless infection detection on wounds” (WINDOW) sensor, was detailed in Science Advances.
WINDOWs enzyme-sensing parts rely on a material called DNAgel. There searchers developed a particular kind of DNAgel that remains stable in watery environments, such as the human body, but begins to break down in the presence of DNase. They connected this gel (凝胶) to a chip that senses when the gel responds by sending a signal to a smartphone.
Thus far, the team has exposed the DNAgel to wound swabs from 18 people’s wounds to see how much the material degraded in the presence of the bacteria. There searchers also used the device on six living lab mice whose wounds were exposed to the same bacterial species, and it successfully detected infections.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?| A．The harm of common wounds. |
| B．The treatment of infected wounds. |
| C．The intervention on wound healing. |
| D．The dilemma of infection observation. |
| A．By comparing wound acidity. |
| B．By detecting the DNase enzyme. |
| C．By measuring the bacteria amount. |
| D．By observing changes in wound color. |
| A．It will cut down the length of infection-treating. |
| B．It could reduce the cost of infection observation. |
| C．It can monitor wounds continuously and remotely. |
| D．It might help conduct laboratory tests on wounds. |
| A．Innovations in Wound Infection Detection |
| B．Removing the Dangers of Open Wounds |
| C．Recognizing the Role of DNase in Healing |
| D．Challenges in Wound Care and Treatment |
1. Who is the woman most probably?
| A．A patient. | B．A nurse. | C．A chef. |
| A．His test report. | B．His phone. | C．His medical card. |
3 . A three-year study comparing three different treatment options for tooth decay (腐烂) in children’s teeth has found no evidence to suggest that conventional fillings are more telling than sealing (封闭) decay in teeth, or using prevention techniques alone, in stopping pain and infection from tooth decay.
The FiCTION trial, the largest of its kind to date, also found that 450 children who took part in the study experienced tooth decay and pain, regardless of which kind of dental treatment they received.
Professor Nicola Innes, Chair of Paediatric Dentistry at the University of Dundee, said, “Our study shows that each way of treating decay worked to a similar level but that children with tooth decay at a young age have a high chance of experiencing toothache however the dentist manages the decay. From our trial, the best way to manage tooth decay is not by drilling it out or sealing it in, but it’s by preventing it in the first place.”
During the study, one of three treatment approaches was then chosen randomly for each child’s dental care for the duration of the trial for three years. The first approach aimed to prevent new decay by reducing sugar intake, ensuring twice-daily brushing with fluoride toothpaste (含氟牙膏). The second option involved drilling out tooth decay. For the third treatment strategy, tooth decay was sealed in to stop it progressing.
Of all three different ways of treating decay, sealing-in with preventive treatment was the most likely to be considered the best way of managing children’s decay if society is willing to pay a minimum of £130 to avoid an episode of pain or infection.
Professor Anne Maguire, Chair of Preventive Dentistry said, “The FiCTION findings have focused again on the need to prevent dental decay. The good news is that tooth decay can be prevented. Brushing your teeth with fluoride toothpaste, especially before bedtime, avoiding sugary drinks and snacks between meals and seeing a dentist regularly are all small habits that can help boost the overall health of your teeth.”
1. What does the underlined word “telling” in paragraph 1 mean?| A．Popular. | B．Pessimistic. | C．Expensive. | D．Effective. |
| A．Let tooth decay fall out naturally. |
| B．Drill tooth decay out at the dentist’s. |
| C．Prevent tooth decay as early as possible. |
| D．Have conventional fillings to manage tooth decay. |
| A．To use different ways. | B．To get precise findings. |
| C．To explore other fields. | D．To analyse more reasons. |
| A．We should take good care of our teeth. |
| B．Children shouldn’t eat any snacks. |
| C．The study’s findings may be one-sided. |
| D．He will do further research on tooth decay. |
4 . Oscar, a two year old cat, lives in a nursing home, where people stay when they are very ill or at the end of their lives. Every day, Oscar
Oscar’s story is just a story.
In the first study, cancer patients
In the second study, several dogs identified a sample that the researchers
What makes dogs a species of animal that is so
Will a visit to the doctor soon include a sniff from a friendly animal? Some people think this is not a(n)
| A．walks | B．rides | C．lives | D．rests |
| A．teacher | B．student | C．doctor | D．patient |
| A．sniffs | B．smiles | C．jumps | D．sleeps |
| A．Therefore | B．However | C．Otherwise | D．Besides |
| A．call | B．help | C．choose | D．refuse |
| A．predicted | B．escaped | C．caused | D．remembered |
| A．Anybody | B．Somebody | C．Nobody | D．Everybody |
| A．carry on | B．look up | C．find out | D．hold back |
| A．detect | B．stop | C．get | D．treat |
| A．fell | B．crashed | C．ran | D．breathed |
| A．advised | B．trained | C．expected | D．inspired |
| A．before | B．when | C．though | D．unless |
| A．strange | B．subjective | C．false | D．real |
| A．identified | B．collected | C．offered | D．studied |
| A．pretended | B．thought | C．denied | D．imagined |
| A．hardly | B．nearly | C．actually | D．formerly |
| A．proved | B．missed | C．showed | D．changed |
| A．tired of | B．mad about | C．strict with | D．good at |
| A．see | B．taste | C．smell | D．hear |
| A．interesting | B．creative | C．bad | D．old |
5 . Robots are often cast in popular science fiction as the bad characters that take over the world and enslave mankind. But with the beginning of some serious diseases, robots are increasingly being employed as helpers, taking on often dull, difficult and dangerous tasks and thus reducing humans' exposure to some terrifying virus.
In the United States, two of the main ways in which robotic technology is being used in the hospitals are to disinfect(消毒）hospital rooms and act as a telemedicine portal, allowing doctors and health care workers to communicate via video conference directly with patients without unnecessarily exposing themselves to those highly infectious virus.
In Boston, doctors, researchers and robotics engineers have teamed up to bring a friendly, dog-like, four-legged robot named Spot into Brigham and Women' s Hospital, allowing doctors to communicate with patients via telemedicine.
In March, at the start of the pandemic, a league from hospital, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Spot's manufacturer-Boston Dynamnics, began testing the robot's design to enable Spot to communicate with patients, thus reducing the exposure of frontline health care workers to the virus. In the place of a head, Spot has an iPad affixed to a stand, allowing doctors to conduct telemedicine services with their patients.
“Most people actually really like it,” says Dr. Peter Chai, an emergency medicine physician who serves as the hospital's chief researcher on the robot project.
Researchers are working to increase the robot's diagnostic abilities, enabling it to measure the patients temperature and his or her respiratory rate (呼吸率）.
Chai predicts that hospitals will continue to find more ways to use robots, and tie wonders whether robots can deliver supplies to rooms or see patients with other infectious diseases
1. What words can best describe the jobs robots are employed to do?| A．Normal and easy. | B．Exciting and dangerous. |
| C．Dirty and complex. | D．Frightening and difficult. |
| A．To save money. | B．To replace doctors. |
| C．To protect doctors from infecting virus. | D．To deliver supplies to patients and doctors. |
| A．It is a friendly dog. |
| B．It can deliver supplies to hospital rooms. |
| C．It can help adjust the patient's temperature. |
| D．It allows doctors to conduct telemedicine services. |
| A．Spot the Robot Dog |
| B．Train Robot Doctors |
| C．Robots Being Used in Hospital |
| D．Robots in Popular Science Fiction |
6 . For the first time, the World Health Organization has included Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in its globally influential medical compendium(手册), according to an international science journal.
An article published by Nature on Wednesday said that TCM will be included in the latest version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)set to be released next year. Starting from the 1800s, the ICD has been improved and published in a series of editions,reflecting the advances in health and medical science over time. It serves as the foundation for the identification of global health trends, and the international standard for diseases and health conditions.
The latest ICD is based largely on the work of the International Classification of Traditional Medicine (ICTM) project's experts from around the world. These experts had been working on traditional medicine research and practices for years.
China has been promoting the modernization of TCM and pushing for TCM to gain acceptance worldwide. Tu Youyou, a Chinese expert focusing on the scientific study of drugs and medicines, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2015 for her research in TCM. Her discovery has saved millions of lives in developing countries in South Asia, Africa and South America. TCM is sure to grow in popularity globally.
Though the application of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture(针灸) and other traditional medical practices has been on the rise, there's still a shortage of global classification and terminology(术语) tools for traditional medicine, according to officials of the WHO.
“The decision is to promote the safe and effective use of traditional medicine by regulating, researching and combining traditional medicine products, practitioners and practice into health systems, where appropriate," the WHO was quoted as saying by Nature.
1. What can we learn about the ICD from Paragraph 2?| A．It has included TCM this year. |
| B．It has a history of over 300 years. |
| C．It is published in various languages. |
| D．It provides standards for diseases worldwide. |
| A．To imply the worldwide popularity of TCM. |
| B．To prove TCM's gaining worldwide acceptance |
| C．To introduce a breakthrough in the medical field. |
| D．To show Chinese people deserve the Nobel Prize for their contribution. |
| A．The classification of TCM. |
| B．The standard of TCM terms. |
| C．The official promotion of TCM. |
| D．The use of traditional Chinese medicine |
| A．Lifestyle. | B．Opinion |
| C．Health. | D．Tech |
1. How long should people put their burnt hands in cool running water?
| A．About 20 minutes. | B．About 10 minutes. | C．About 12 minutes. |
| A．By keeping warm. | B．By shutting the window. | C．By taking a bath. |
| A．Lie down. | B．Go to bed. | C．Keep moving gently. |
| A．Simple treatments for some situations. |
| B．Mistakes in first aid. |
| C．Cases calling for first aid. |
8 . Researchers in China and the United States have developed a new cataract(白内障)treatment with cells that has restored vision in babies in a trial and may eventually be used in adults.
The treatment- by doctors and staff members at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and Sichuan and Sun Yat-sen universities in China-was published in March 9 edition of the scientific journal Nature.
A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens(晶体)of an eye. Typical cataract operation involves the removal of the cloudy lens and the insertion of an artificial one. The new operation has been tested in animals and during a small, human trial. It resulted in fewer complications(并发症)than the current harmful operation, and in regrown lenses with superior visual function in all 12 of the baby cataract patients who received the procedure.
A congenital cataract- lens clouding that occurs at birth or shortly after- is important cause of blindness in children. In the new research, Kand Zhang, head of ophthalmic genetics at US San Diego’s Shiley Eye Institute, and his colleagues relied on the regrown potential of endogenous(同源的)stem cells.
According to Zhang, endogenous stem cells are different from other stem cells that are typically grown in a laboratory, transplanted into a patient, and can have risks of immune（免疫的）rejection, infection or cancers. Zhang told CBS News, “We invented a new operation to make a very small opening at the side of a cataractous lens bag, remove the cataract inside, allow the opening to heal, and promote potential lens stem cells to regrow an entirely new lens with vision.”
The human trial involved 12 babies under the age of 2 who were treated with the new method, while 25 babies received the standard operation care.. The latter group experienced a higher incidence of pos- operation danger, early- onset eye high blood pressure and increased lens clouding. The scientists reported fewer complications and faster healing among the 12 babies who has the new procedure.
1. What is the text mainly about?| A．The concept of the cataract |
| B．A new cataract treatment with stem cells |
| C．Bad effects of post-operation in the cataract |
| D．The reasons why the cataract comes into being |
| A．Convenient | B．Comfortable |
| C．Cheap | D．Safe |
| A．It has more risks |
| B．It may be used widely |
| C．It has been put into practice widely |
| D．It can only restore vision in babies |
| A．Born | B．Strange |
| C．Serious | D．Dangerous. |
