1 . PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. | James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. |
Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. | Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. |
A.Doing teaching jobs. | B.Being hired as physicians. |
C.Performing surgery. | D.Being banned from medicine. |
A.She wrote a book. | B.She went through trials. |
C.She worked as a dentist. | D.She had formal education. |
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania. | B.Tan Yunxian. |
C.James Barry. | D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler. |
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a health care system in which patients
According to the World Health Organization, nearly 80 percent of the world's population depends for its primary health care needs
Increasingly, however, modern medicines also contain substances from animals and plants. Given growing populations, increasing wealth, and the spreading
3 . Metin Sitti at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, and his colleagues have developed tiny robots called “microrollers” that can carry cancer drugs and selectively target human breast cancer cells. The team drew inspiration for the design of the robots from white blood cells in the human body, which can move along the walls of blood vessels (血管) against the direction of blood flow.
The microrollers are round and made from glass microparticles. One half of the robot was coated with a thin magnetic nanofilm (磁性纳米膜) made from nickel and gold. The other half was coated with the cancer drug doxorubicin as well as molecules that recognize cancer cells.
The team tested the robots using mouse blood and artificial channels lined with human endothelial cells—the kind of cells that line the inner walls of our blood vessels. The robots were exposed to a mixture of cancerous and healthy tissue. The microrollers selectively attached to the cancer cells and were activated using UV light to release the doxorubicin.
By applying magnetic fields, the team was able to control the movement of the microrollers, both with and against the flow of blood. The microrollers can reach a speed of up to 600 micrometers per second. “If you come to a spot where you need to take the right path and if you miss it, then you could go back and go to the right one,” says Setti.
In future, the researchers want to use other methods to start the drug release, such as heat or near-infrared light. They also plan to try making microrollers out of materials that would break down in the body over a few weeks or months.
The team hopes to test the microrollers in animals soon. “The rollers need to carry enough cancer drugs, which is why we need to have them in large numbers,” says Setti. “But since we can locally take drugs to the right target, we don’t need huge dosages (剂量).”
1. What can the microrollers be used for?A.Repairing blood cells. | B.Delivering drugs. | C.Improving blood flow. | D.Performing operations. |
A.Their shape. | B.Their advantage. | C.Their design. | D.Their application. |
A.Their direction can be adjusted. | B.They might miss the target cells. |
C.They might get stuck in the blood. | D.Their speed can change automatically. |
A.Put the microrollers to clinical use. | B.Sell the microrollers in large quantities. |
C.Tear the microrollers down in the body. | D.Experiment with the microrollers further. |
Ancient Chinese healing methods
Currently celebrating its 10th anniversary, the BRI,
In Budapest, Traditional Chinese Medicine Center of Hungary (Qihuang Center) provides
After
The center has also helped Jozsef’s son, Csaba Frenyo, who has been struggling with obesity-related health
5 . Wu Ming, a young German born after 1995, is a big fan of Chinese culture. As he thought some diseases can’t be treated
Studying TCM also
Wu
Wu thinks there’s no big difference between China and Western countries. “
A.immediately | B.gradually | C.thoroughly | D.consistently |
A.depend on | B.dig into | C.look up | D.work out |
A.created | B.enjoyed | C.advanced | D.acknowledged |
A.overcame | B.seized | C.divided | D.shifted |
A.raised | B.sorted | C.cooked | D.tasted |
A.aspects | B.standards | C.themes | D.means |
A.enriched | B.secured | C.expanded | D.changed |
A.exposed | B.reduced | C.restricted | D.addicted |
A.businesses | B.recreations | C.routines | D.tasks |
A.balanced | B.wealthy | C.humble | D.efficient |
A.employs | B.promotes | C.outlines | D.conveys |
A.scanning | B.checking | C.exploring | D.comparing |
A.concern | B.wish | C.demand | D.passion |
A.Misunderstanding | B.Destruction | C.Stress | D.Failure |
A.source | B.basis | C.bridge | D.tool |
6 . It isn’t necessary to know everything before heading out into the wilderness, but studying a quality first-aid guide book and familiarizing yourself with the necessary skills can be enough to save someone’s life.
Wilderness Medicine: Beyond First Aid by William W. Forgey
This book does a great job of breaking down how to examine, judge, and stabilize your patient or situation, manage the person’s physical symptoms(症状), and know what questions to ask. It covers a wider range of possible injuries and treatment options than some other wilderness first-aid books. This book costs $12.79 and is easy to read and understand.
Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills by The Mountaineers
In its 9th edition, the book, which costs $21.99, has become a gold standard for anyone planning to spend significant time in the backcountry. Written by climbers for climbers, this book has everything you need to know to stay safer, from basic first aid to staying safe in avalanche terrain(雪崩地形), and learning how to move forward without networking.
Mountaineering: Essential Skills for Hikers and Climbers by Alun Richardson
The book, which costs $13.59, not only contains information about wilderness first aid but also attempts to teach you safety and survival skills from hiking basics to winter adventures. This book stands out because of its detailed visual diagrams that illustrate the right and wrong ways to achieve different techniques.
Medicine for Mountaineering & Other Wilderness Activities by James Wilkerson
The book, which costs $32.95, is a great addition to your collection if you’ve already read some of the other wilderness first-aid books, and maybe even taken a course already but are still wanting to learn more. Many doctors and nurses like this book because they practice basic medical diagnosis(诊断) regularly.
1. What does William W. Forgey introduce in detail in his book?A.The ways of comforting injured climbers. |
B.The steps to determine a medical problem. |
C.The advice on keeping away from potential dangers. |
D.Visual diagrams showing treatment options. |
A.$21.99. | B.$13.59. | C.$12.79. | D.$32.95. |
A.Wilderness Medicine: Beyond First Aid. |
B.Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills. |
C.Mountaineering: Essential Skills for Hikers and Climbers. |
D.Medicine for Mountaineering & Other Wilderness Activities. |
One of the premier medical
In 2003, SARS broke
8 . Ms. McIntyre, 38, worked as a publisher. She suffered brain cancer and her health got worse despite some medical treatment. But she realized that in a way, she was luckier than some other people. She had insurance to help pay for her medical care. But Ms. McIntyre and her husband, Mr. Gregory, knew that many people with cancer face tough decisions because of the costs of medical care and wind up owing far more than they can pay.
Though her health was failing, Ms. McIntyre decided to help pay off the medical debts of as many people as she possibly could. The couple began donating money to a group called RIP Medical Debt, which is committed to working to pay off the unpaid medical debts of others. The group can pay off medical bills for about 100 times less money than they cost. In other words, for every 100 donated, the group can pay off 10,000 in unpaid medical bills.
Unfortunately, Ms. McIntyre passed away before long. Mr. Gregory posted a message for Ms. McIntyre on her social media accounts. “If you’re reading this, I have passed away,” the post began. Then the post explained, “To celebrate my life, I’ve arranged to buy up others’ medical debts and then destroy the debts.”
The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this purpose. They had hoped to raise about $20,000. Nevertheless, Ms. McIntyre’s last post attracted a lot of attention. The donations on her web page quickly passed the total goal. In less than a week, the site had raised 10 times more than expected and the donations are still coming in. By November 22, 2023, Ms. McIntyre’s web page had raised over $627,000, or enough money to pay off about $60 million in medical debts.
Mr. Gregory planned a special event in December to celebrate Ms. McIntyre’s life and to announce how many millions of dollars of medical debts her efforts had paid for.
1. Why did Ms. McIntyre feel luckier than some other people?A.The doctors eventually cured her. | B.Her disease didn’t become worse. |
C.She had a decent job before being ill. | D.She had security about medical care. |
A.By paying for their daily debts. | B.By giving away money to them. |
C.By ridding them of debts from treatments. | D.By purchasing medical insurance for them. |
A.The public involvement. | B.The couple’s commitment. |
C.The operation of a website. | D.The increase of medical debts. |
A.Humorous and elegant. | B.Influential and understanding. |
C.Cautious and promising. | D.Enthusiastic and adaptable. |
9 . Alifa Chin is a 13-year-old Bangladeshi girl whose last name sometimes leads to her being mistaken for a Chinese.
“I like my name very much. I think my name is the
This year, Chin wrote a letter to President Xi Jinping to
“To
The girl’s father said, “We didn’t
“We have seen how people in other countries have gained a better understanding of China through the medical
A.presence | B.symbol | C.signal | D.proof |
A.pick up | B.hand over | C.give birth | D.work out |
A.show | B.perform | C.follow | D.load |
A.Luckily | B.Originally | C.Obviously | D.Gradually |
A.transportation | B.shelter | C.budget | D.treatment |
A.thankful | B.generous | C.proud | D.sympathetic |
A.contribute | B.supply | C.express | D.release |
A.relief | B.embarrassment | C.credit | D.surprise |
A.called | B.offered | C.fought | D.encouraged |
A.temporary | B.traditional | C.unique | D.contemporary |
A.live up to | B.figure out | C.make up for | D.account for |
A.agree | B.exhibit | C.expect | D.charge |
A.unnecessary | B.unavoidable | C.uneventful | D.unbelievable |
A.benefit | B.assistance | C.concern | D.agreement |
A.helpful | B.grateful | C.wealthy | D.creative |
This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner),
Tu Youyou, a