1 . PRACTITIONERS

Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.	James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.	Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.

1. What did Jacqueline and James have in common?

A．Doing teaching jobs.	B．Being hired as physicians.
C．Performing surgery.	D．Being banned from medicine.

2. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners?

A．She wrote a book.	B．She went through trials.
C．She worked as a dentist.	D．She had formal education.

3. Who was the first African American with a medical degree?

A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania.	B．Tan Yunxian.
C．James Barry.	D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a health care system in which patients     1     (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物). It is assumed, for a person to be healthy,     2     yin and yang forces should he in balance. Imbalance causes illness or injury. TCM is about     3     (restore) the balance between yin and yang forces in patients. It has been a major part of traditional Chinese culture and continues to play     4     vital role in medical treatment in China today.

According to the World Health Organization, nearly 80 percent of the world's population depends for its primary health care needs    5     medicines from plants and animals. This is especially true in countries where traditional medicines are     6     (wide) used.

Increasingly, however, modern medicines also contain substances from animals and plants. Given growing populations, increasing wealth, and the spreading    7     (popular) of natural remedies around the world, the demand for these medicines and remedies     8     (rise) now. The rising demand,     9     (combine) with reduced habitat, has caused an alarming increase in the number of plant and animal species used for medicinal purposes at risk for many years. For instance, TCM uses about 1,000 plant and 36 animal species, including the tiger, rhinoceros, and sea horse,     10     are all in danger.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Ancient Chinese healing methods     1     (spread) along the Silk Road for over two millennia, but the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has further boosted the internationalization of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

Currently celebrating its 10th anniversary, the BRI,     2     aims are to better connect the world and expand common prosperity, has brought the healing powers of TCM     3     more countries and regions, bridging different cultures and promoting international cooperation.

In Budapest, Traditional Chinese Medicine Center of Hungary (Qihuang Center) provides     4     ray of hope for patients seeking relief from various health issues. One such patient is Jozsef Frenyo, an 80-year-old     5     (retire) teacher who suffers from hearing impairment due to an inflammation (发炎) of the middle ear five years ago. Since then, he had to use a hearing aid -- until he visited the Center two months ago when a “miracle”     6     (occur).

After     7     (give) more than 10 acupuncture treatments by TCM expert Zhang Haifang, from northwest China’s Gansu Province, Jozsef’s hearing improved     8     (significant). He no longer needs the hearing aid.

The center has also helped Jozsef’s son, Csaba Frenyo, who has been struggling with obesity-related health     9     (issue). A combination of acupuncture and herbal medicine treatments helped him lose nine kilograms within a month,     10     (ease) his back and knee pains.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

One of the premier medical    1    (scientist) in the 21st century is Zhong Nanshan. Born in 1936 and     2     (graduate) from Peking University Health Science Center, this ordinary but great man has been working in the medical field for over 40 years. He is a good doctor in the patients’ eyes and     3     kind medical professor in his students’ as well.

In 2003, SARS broke    4     in China and across the globe. Zhong Nanshan not only led but also     5     (take) an active part in the battle against SARS. At that time most people had no     6     (nature) defense against the disease. Dangerous    7     it was, Zhong Nanshan worked hard treating SARS patients. Meanwhile he underlined the fact    8     teamwork among nations could save lives. Through    9     (they) several months’ hard work, Zhong Nanshan and his workmates achieved remarkable achievements. Soon SARS    10    (wipe) out.

5 . Alifa Chin is a 13-year-old Bangladeshi girl whose last name sometimes leads to her being mistaken for a Chinese.

“I like my name very much. I think my name is the _________ of friendship between Bangladesh and China,” she said. In 2010, Chin’s mother, Jannatul Ferdous, was unable to _________ naturally due to a serious heart problem. Local doctors failed to _________ the necessary surgery (外科手术).

_________, the Chinese navy’s Peace Ark hospital ship was about to arrive to provide medical _________ for locals in Chittagong. “Now we feel _________ for the efforts of Chinese doctors and nurses that help me give birth to a healthy baby,” Ferdous said.

This year, Chin wrote a letter to President Xi Jinping to _________ her gratitude. To the family’s _________, Xi wrote back. In the letter, Xi _________ her to study hard, pursue her dream and carry forward the __________ friendship between China and Bangladesh.

“To __________ President Xi’s expectations, I will study medical science to help those in need,” she said.

The girl’s father said, “We didn’t __________ that our daughter would receive the letter from the Chinese president. This is the most __________ thing in our life.”

“We have seen how people in other countries have gained a better understanding of China through the medical __________. To local residents, China is a major country that is responsible, peace-loving and always __________,” she said.

1.

A．presence

B．symbol

C．signal

D．proof

2.

A．pick up

B．hand over

C．give birth

D．work out

3.

A．show

B．perform

C．follow

D．load

4.

A．Luckily

B．Originally

C．Obviously

D．Gradually

5.

A．transportation

B．shelter

C．budget

D．treatment

6.

A．thankful

B．generous

C．proud

D．sympathetic

7.

A．contribute

B．supply

C．express

D．release

8.

A．relief

B．embarrassment

C．credit

D．surprise

9.

A．called

B．offered

C．fought

D．encouraged

10.

A．temporary

B．traditional

C．unique

D．contemporary

11.

A．live up to

B．figure out

C．make up for

D．account for

12.

A．agree

B．exhibit

C．expect

D．charge

13.

A．unnecessary

B．unavoidable

C．uneventful

D．unbelievable

14.

A．benefit

B．assistance

C．concern

D．agreement

15.

A．helpful

B．grateful

C．wealthy

D．creative

6 . 语法填空

This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner),    1    research led to the discovery of artemisinin,     2     crucial new treatment for maria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to     3     (improve) health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get maria each year, and about 600, 000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and     4     (think)to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.

Tu Youyou, a     5    (commit) and patient, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of    6    (scientist) with the objective of     7    (discover) a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers     8     (choose). Her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts, and    9    (evaluate) 280, 000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments     10     the fight against malaria.

7 . Can you imagine that you can save your own life during a heart attack by coughing? Let’s see how.

A heart attack can happen to anyone. Let’s say it’s 4:17 p.m. and you’re driving home (alone of course) after an unusually hard day on the job. Not only was the workload extremely heavy, but you also had a disagreement with your boss, and no matter how hard you tried, he just wouldn’t see your side of the situation. You’re really upset and the more you think about it, the more nervous you become.

All of a sudden you start experiencing severe pain in your chest that starts to spread out into your arm and up to your jaw. You are only about five miles from the hospital nearest your home, but unfortunately you don’t know if you’ll be able to make it that far.

What can you do? You’ve been trained in CPR but the guy who taught the course didn’t tell you how to perform it on yourself.

Since many people are alone when they suffer a heart attack, this article seems in order. Without help the person whose heart stops beating properly and who begins to feel faint has only about 10 seconds left before losing consciousness. However, these victims can help themselves by coughing repeatedly and very powerfully. A deep breath should be taken before each cough, and the cough must be deep and last long, as when producing sputum from deep inside the chest. A breath and a cough must be repeated about every two seconds without stopping until help arrives, or until the heart feels to be beating normally again. Deep breaths get oxygen into the lungs and coughing movements squeeze the heart and keep the blood circulating.

The squeezing pressure on the heart also helps it regain normal rhythm. In this way, heart attack victims can get to a phone and, between breaths, call for help.

Now, do you understand the whole matter? Tell as many other people as possible about this. It could save their lives!

1. According to the passage, CPR is most probably something done to         .

A．regain someone’s breath and heart beat	B．help someone treat a heart attack by himself
C．teach people how to stay in good state	D．train people how to stay calm when facing dangers

2. According to Paragraph 5, coughing during a heart attack helps         .

A．to relax the heart	B．to get oxygen into the lungs
C．to keep the blood circulating	D．to reduce the pain in the chest

3. We can learn from the passage that         .

A．a long day’s work usually results in heart attacks

B．not only the chest aches when one suffers a heart attack

C．people should attend a CPR course to survive heart attacks

D．one should cough loudly immediately when one’s chest aches

4. In which section of a newspaper can you read this passage?

A．Health Care.

B．Advertisement.

C．Family.

D．Teaching.

8 . 语法填空

On 6 October 2021, the World Health Organization(WHO) announced its support for the world’s first malaria vaccine(疫苗). Malaria is one of the world’s oldest and deadliest    1    (disease). The vaccine may save tens of thousands of lives every year most of    2    are children in poor countries.

The vaccine is known as Mosquirix(RTSS/AS01).It works by    3    (get) the child’s own body to fight malaria. A project to test the vaccine has been running since 2019 in Ghana,Kenya and Malawi.More than 800000 children    4    (receive)the vaccine so far.The project resulted    5    a 30% reduction in deadly and severe(严重的)malaria.After these successful results, the WHO said it was safe    6    (use)Mosquirixin African countries south of the Sahara Desert.It will be given in four separate doses(剂量)to children aged five months and above.A study said that giving children both the vaccine    7    drugs, which are already    8    (wide) used can reduce severe malaria and deaths by around 70%    9    (compare)to only antimalarial drugs.

Scientists had tried to develop a vaccine for almost 40 years. Mosquirix is seen as a huge    10     (science)breakthrough and it is the first time the WHO has approved a malaria vaccine for widespread use.

9 . Health Care Workers Getting Panic Buttons

Hundreds of health care workers at Cox Medical Center in Missouri will soon be equipped with personal panic buttons, following over a year of increased violence against staff members. The pandemic (流行病), the medical center said, has greatly ________the rise of the number of attacks and the very device comes at the right time to the rescue.

A medical worker, once experiencing an attack, can press the button attached to his working ID card to activate a personal ________system and warn the security department—an instant pop-up ________will appear on hospital computers, showing the worker’s exact location.

The panic buttons are being ________among scores of staff members working in “high-risk areas” of Cox Medical Center. The hospital promises, if there are positive results, to ________the program to hundreds of employees. And the system is expected to be ________at the end of the year.

Those buttons are ________backed by the Skaggs Foundation, a charity in Missouri, which has offered the hospital a big grant. “This project helps maintain our No.1 resource—our health care workers, the number of whom has ________so much,” Nita Jane Ayres, Chairman of the foundation, said.

Alan Butler, Cox Health’s system director, agreed the buttons were a(n) ________tool in the battle to keep the staff safe. The entire number of attacks on staff by patients has risen from 40 in 2019 to 123 in 2020, and total injuries rocketed from 17 to 78.

________ , even those numbers scarcely paint the full picture. Angie Smith, the medical center’s patient safety facilitator, said that many workplace violence events went ________because “staff don’t feel like they will be supported or don’t feel like they will be able to do anything about it.” “The ________parts of being in health care now are not only being able to give excellent care to your patients”, she said, “but also feeling ________yourself as their caregiver.”

________, workplace violence in medical centers deserved our attention even before the pandemic. A survey of thousands of emergency physicians found that nearly half of the participants had undergone attacks while working, and roughly ninety-seven percent of those were ________by patients.

1.

A．covered up

B．contributed to

C．developed with

D．got through

2.

A．medical

B．emotional

C．tracing

D．facilitating

3.

A．blocker

B．menu

C．command

D．alert

4.

A．designed

B．tested

C．questioned

D．stored

5.

A．assign

B．explain

C．hand

D．expand

6.

A．implemented

B．analyzed

C．eliminated

D．restricted

7.

A．conditionally

B．financially

C．psychologically

D．theoretically

8.

A．bounced

B．advanced

C．shrunk

D．multiplied

9.

A．predictable

B．irreplaceable

C．tricky

D．timely

10.

A．However

B．Instead

C．Hence

D．Furthermore

11.

A．overestimated

B．underreported

C．updated

D．downloaded

12.

A．confusing

B．promising

C．primary

D．risky

13.

A．selfless

B．grateful

C．qualified

D．protected

14.

A．Actually

B．Consequently

C．Naturally

D．Eventually

15.

A．prohibited

B．cautioned

C．committed

D．overlooked

10 . Foreseeing a time when a patient's own cells may be harvested, multiplied, and fashioned into a replacement organ, researchers in Boston have successfully transplanted laboratory grown bladders (肾) into six dogs.

For a century, physicians have replaced diseased or damaged bladders by removing sections of a person's intestines (肠子）and shaping them into a substitute bladder. While the procedure offers some relief to patients, complications often develop because nature designs intestinal tissue for a purpose-absorbing nutrients-other than holding waste liquid of the body. “You start absorbing stuff that should be removed," says Anthony Atala of the Children's Hospital in Boston.

Other physicians have turned to human-made materials to create artificial bladders, but those efforts have also run into problems. Consequently, to build a better bladder, Atala and his colleagues decided to employ the organ's own cells.

To turn the cells into an organ, the researchers first form plastic which can break down naturally into bladder-shaped shell. They then coat its outside and inside with layers of cells needed.

To test this strategy, Atala's group obtained bladder tissue from dogs and grew it into organs. After removing the dogs' bladders, the investigators implanted(移植）the artificial ones coming from the dogs' own cells. Within a month, the organs began to perform like normal bladders.

Within three months, the plastic shells had broken down naturally, and the implanted organs were hard to distinguish from natural ones, Blood vessels(血管） quickly grew into them. Moreover, nerves seem to form proper connections with the new organs, allowing the dogs to regain normal control of their bladders. Some dogs have had the artificial bladders for nearly a year without any problems nearly a year without any problems.

While the bladders of dogs closely resemble those of people, Atala warns that more testing of this transplant strategy must occur before artificial bladders are ready for the clinic.

1. The traditional method of shaping parts of intestines into a substitute bladder ________.

A．allows the patient to absorb useless things

B．brings the patient a lot of sufferings

C．prevents the patient from absorbing nutrients

D．worsens both the function of the intestines and the bladder

2. The artificial bladders implanted in dogs ________.

A．worked perfectly as long as three months

B．began to work as well as a normal one in a few weeks

C．proved to be able to work for several years

D．did not work properly until after a month

3. Why is it suggested that more testing should be made?

A．What suits dogs' bladders will also suit human bladders.

B．Dogs' bladders can be implanted into human bodies.

C．Human bladders may well be different from dogs.

D．Artificial bladders grown in dogs can be used for human beings

4. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．The way of turning intestines into bladders.

B．The prospect of manufacturing plastic bladders.

C．The history of making artificial bladders.

D．The possibility of making bladders from their own cells.