Can you imagine that you can save your own life during a heart attack by coughing? Let’s see how.
A heart attack can happen to anyone. Let’s say it’s 4:17 p.m. and you’re driving home (alone of course) after an unusually hard day on the job. Not only was the workload extremely heavy, but you also had a disagreement with your boss, and no matter how hard you tried, he just wouldn’t see your side of the situation. You’re really upset and the more you think about it, the more nervous you become.
All of a sudden you start experiencing severe pain in your chest that starts to spread out into your arm and up to your jaw. You are only about five miles from the hospital nearest your home, but unfortunately you don’t know if you’ll be able to make it that far.
What can you do? You’ve been trained in CPR but the guy who taught the course didn’t tell you how to perform it on yourself.
Since many people are alone when they suffer a heart attack, this article seems in order. Without help the person whose heart stops beating properly and who begins to feel faint has only about 10 seconds left before losing consciousness. However, these victims can help themselves by coughing repeatedly and very powerfully. A deep breath should be taken before each cough, and the cough must be deep and last long, as when producing sputum from deep inside the chest. A breath and a cough must be repeated about every two seconds without stopping until help arrives, or until the heart feels to be beating normally again. Deep breaths get oxygen into the lungs and coughing movements squeeze the heart and keep the blood circulating.
The squeezing pressure on the heart also helps it regain normal rhythm. In this way, heart attack victims can get to a phone and, between breaths, call for help.
Now, do you understand the whole matter? Tell as many other people as possible about this. It could save their lives!
1. According to the passage, CPR is most probably something done to .| A．regain someone’s breath and heart beat | B．help someone treat a heart attack by himself |
| C．teach people how to stay in good state | D．train people how to stay calm when facing dangers |
| A．to relax the heart | B．to get oxygen into the lungs |
| C．to keep the blood circulating | D．to reduce the pain in the chest |
| A．a long day’s work usually results in heart attacks |
| B．not only the chest aches when one suffers a heart attack |
| C．people should attend a CPR course to survive heart attacks |
| D．one should cough loudly immediately when one’s chest aches |
| A．Health Care. | B．Advertisement. | C．Family. | D．Teaching. |
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【推荐1】Airbags, now found in almost every vehicle, have saved countless lives and largely reduced the severity of injuries in crashes. Similar technology could greatly reduce broken hips (髋部) resulting from a fall, something most seniors fear.
Dr. Robert Buckman and his start-up company, Active Protective in Allentown, Pennsylvania, has developed a promising solution, a wearable airbag that can protect hip bones in the event of a fall. The idea was the result of Dr. Buckman’s years as a doctor at Temple University. He noticed how many elderly people were being brought into hospitals with broken hip due to falls, and how they often never completely recovered from the injuries. He started to ask what he could do for these people, and that was when he started trying to figure out whether there was a way of helping people who were at the highest risk of falling and suffering these kinds of injuries.
The device is worn much like a regular belt, but on the outside of the clothing, and it includes sensors that monitor the movement of hips. If the device detects that the person, is falling, an airbag opens before the person hits the ground, cushioning the fall. When the wearer hits the ground, the bag reduces the force to the hip bones by 90 percent, enough to avoid the majority of hip injuries.
With one out of every three people aged 65 and older suffering serious falls each year, Active Protective has a big market for its wearable device. It also has the potential to sizably reduce hip - related health care expenses: Hip injuries among the elderly cost the US health care system in 2012 $30 billion, which doesn’t include the long-term care expenses associated with the high percentage of patients that can no longer live independently.
1. What is the purpose of the Active Protective’s airbag?| A．To avoid hip injuries among seniors. |
| B．To protect seniors from car accidents. |
| C．To help seniors with their daily nursing. |
| D．To help doctors deal with serious injuries. |
| A．A report on seniors’ health. |
| B．A serious fall he experienced. |
| C．His work experiences as a doctor. |
| D．Suggestions of seniors at Temple University. |
| A．By predicting road conditions. | B．By speeding up bone recovery. |
| C．By reducing the effects of falling. | D．By preventing people from failing. |
| A．It still needs improving. |
| B．It has a promising future. |
| C．It may encourage seniors to do exercise. |
| D．It may increase America’s spend on seniors. |
【推荐2】In the United Stated, it is reported that one in fourth nurses are obese, with nearly two-thirds being overweight.
While some have argued that obese nurse may be less productive and take more time off sick, this isn’t my concern at all. I’m just worried about the example they set to others. Yes, of course, nurses and doctors struggle with having a healthy lifestyle like everyone else. But if they stick to the basic principles of keeping a healthy lifestyle, then they have no business being on the front line. No patient is going to take them seriously unless they show that they at least try to practise what they promote.
It’s a serious professional failing, because it sends the disastrous message of “do as I say not as I do”, which is never going to result in someone changing their ways. You wouldn’t take advice about reducing your drinking from an alcoholic. So why should you be expected to listen to an overweight nurse who is telling you to lose a few pounds?
Of course, there are lots of examples when a doctor or nurse’s personal struggles can really help. I used to smoke and I find this actually helps me because I can relate to patients — I know their struggles, I know their concerns and I know the things they say to themselves to avoid quitting. Knowing that I used to smoke helps me come across as more human to my patients — I’ve done silly things but I’ve changed and so they can.
1. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 1 mean?| A．Strong. | B．Fat. | C．Healthy. | D．Weak. |
| A．They may not be so productive. |
| B．They are likely to take more time off sick. |
| C．Everyone will follow their examples. |
| D．They can’t act their role in health promotion. |
| A．He has always lived a healthy life. |
| B．He struggles against any patients. |
| C．He understands smokers better. |
| D．He keeps asking them to quit smoking. |
| A．doctor | B．teacher | C．reporter | D．smoker |
【推荐3】Dr. Ofri’s new book, “Singular Intimacies: Becoming a Doctor at Bellevue,” recounts her experiences as a doctor at New York’s Bellevue Hospital. NPR’s Melissa Block, host of All Things Considered, recently spent a day at the hospital to get a sense of her world, through her relationships with her patients.
Dr. Danielle Ofri is an attending physician in internal medicine at Bellevue. For her, poetry and literature are as much a part of the job as X-rays and pills. She’s written about her experiences there in the book, Singular Intimacies: Becoming a Doctor at Bellewe. It’s a collection of essays about learning to listen to the narrative of her patients.
Dr. Ofri tries to keep an ear turned to the stories behind her patients’ medical complaints. Answers to questions about family or jobs may not help with medical diagnosis, but conversations like these can help gain a patient’s trust, and they help the doctor, too. “At night, I recall our conversations, and wonder what else I could do for them. It makes me curious about them,” Dr. Ofri says, “so when I go back the next day, I’m more connected with them. And I think a connection has healing powers. Most of the patients brighten, when they talk about themselves and I think they actually feel better.”
A good part of Dr. Ofri’s day is also spent overseeing the work of new doctors. The days are filled with jargon (行业术语) and medical shorthand. But Dr. Ofri also tries to inject another kind of language into the training poetry. She carves out five minutes or so each day to gather with her interns and read a poem. She calls it her “literary rounds”. Through these brief pauses in the day, she says she’s giving her students “a chance to let the other part of their brain flower a little bit”. “I’m just hoping the experience of doing that is helpful, and also trains my students to listen more carefully to patients.” she said.
1. Why did Melissa Block recently go to Bellevue Hospital?| A．To make friends with Dr. Ofri. | B．To receive medical treatment. |
| C．To know about Dr. Ofri’s experiences. | D．To collect essays on treatment. |
| A．The stories behind illnesses. | B．The effect of family and jobs. |
| C．The benefits of listening to patients. | D．The healing powers of conversations. |
| A．Cut. | B．Change. | C．Accept. | D．Add. |
| A．To encourage them to write books. | B．To improve their humanistic quality. |
| C．To prepare an entire career for them. | D．To make their brain grow and flower. |
【推荐1】A book called The Power of Language explores influences of speaking more than one language on the way people think and act.
Language plays a significant role in all aspects of human social and cognitive（认知的）life. People communicate with each other in a language. The language people speak also influences the way they think. These effects become even more complex when people speak more than one language.
If you speak more than one language, chances are you use them in different situations. You may speak one language at home and another at work. If you are asked to think about something fun in the language you speak at home, you are more likely to think of an event with your family, but when asked in the language you speak at work, you will think of an enjoyable interaction with colleagues.
The language used to answer the question makes it easier to think of memories associated with using that language. The memories you are reminded of in a situation affect what you are likely to do and even how you are likely to feel in that situation.
In addition, properties of the language can affect your decisions. In the book, the writer points out that some languages（like English）require you to use different tenses when talking about events in the present and the future. Other languages（like German and Chinese）do not. Existing evidence suggests that people who speak languages whose grammar uses a different tense between present and future are less likely to make choices that benefit their future selves than people who speak languages that do not. Consequently, the actions you take when speaking different languages can have very different influences on your future.
1. How does the writer explain the influence of language in Paragraph 3?| A．By explaining facts. | B．By giving examples. |
| C．By making statements. | D．By sharing experiences. |
| A．Features. | B．Types. | C．Origins. | D．Impacts. |
| A．It is related to their mastery of grammar. |
| B．It is mainly based on personal expectations. |
| C．It is linked with the number of languages they use. |
| D．It can be affected by the tenses used in a language. |
【推荐2】America's greatest technological achievement, the Hoover Dam, now has a companion piece, a bridge held up by the longest arch in the Western Hemisphere (半球). The Mike O'CallaghanPat Tillman Memorial Bridge, which opened this month and connects the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada, crosses the vast chasm (峡谷) 890 feet above the Colorado River that is controlled by the dam.
The striking 1,900footlong structure will improve traffic in the region and help protect the dam from being destroyed. It is the seventh highest bridge in the world, behind four in China, one in Papua New Guinea and one in the US state of Colorado.
“The Hoover Dam is the greatest civil engineering achievement in America's history,” said the bridge project manager Dave Zanatell. “Our goal was not to outdo or outshine it. Our goal was to, in a respectful way, do something that would be great for our generation and that would stand besides the Hoover Dam in a respectful and quality way that would become a part of Hoover's legacy (遗产).”
Just as the Hoover Dam was built in the heart of the Great Depression (大萧条) and was seen as an example of the nation's cando spirit, some hope this project can also provide some uplift.
The bridge is surprising: at 1,050 feet, its support arch holds up a roadway that lies on 300footlong concrete pillars (柱子), some of the tallest in the world. It contains 16 million pounds of steel.
The idea of the bridge came into being in the 1960s because the top of the Hoover Dam has been a narrow twolane road that is the fastest route from Arizona to Las Vegas and then the Pacific Northwest and Canada.
Access to the dam from each direction is a dangerously winding route, but massive trucks and passenger vehicles shared it for decades. During the day, when thousands of tourists travel to the dam from Las Vegas three times as many accidents as on a normal road will happen.
The bridge has a sidewalk on the side facing the dam. The wall on both sides is 54 inches high, so walkers can take photos there.
1. What is one of the purposes of building the bridge?| A．To protect the dam. |
| B．To save the cultures. |
| C．To outdo the dam. |
| D．To develop the tourism. |
| A．lift of the heavy object |
| B．support in money |
| C．spiritual encouragement |
| D．instruction in technology |
| A．the Hoover Dam |
| B．western America's development |
| C．a tour along the Colorado River |
| D．a recently built bridge |
The students who use dictionaries most do not learn especially well either. The ones who look up every new word do not read fast. Therefore they do not have time to read much. Those who use small two-language dictionaries have the worst problems. Their dictionaries often give only one or two words as translations of English. But one English word often has many translations in a foreign language and one foreign word has many translations in English.
The most successful students are those who use large college edition dictionaries with about 100,000 words but do not use them too often. When they are reading, these students first try to get the general idea and understand new words from the context. Then they reread and use the dictionary to look up only key words that they still do not understand. They use dictionaries more for writing. If they are not sure how to spell a word, they always use a dictionary. Also, if they think a noun might have an unusual plural form, they check this in a dictionary.
1. The writer thinks that ________.
| A．choose a good dictionary, and you’ll be successful in learning English |
| B．dictionaries are not necessary to the students who learn English |
| C．it is very important for students to use good dictionaries properly |
| D．using dictionaries very often can’t help to improve writing |
| A．Dictionaries have little effect on learning to speak English. |
| B．Whatever new words you meet while reading, never use dictionaries. |
| C．Small two-language dictionaries have serious shortcomings. |
| D．Reading something for the first time, you’d better not use dictionaries. |
| A．At the beginning of the reading | B．At the end of the reading |
| C．During the first reading | D．After the first reading |
| A．that students shouldn’t use small two-language dictionaries |
| B．what were the shortcomings of small two-language dictionaries |
| C．why students should use large college edition dictionaries |
| D．what dictionary students should choose and how to use it |
| A．How to make good use of a dictionary. | B．When to use a dictionary. |
| C．How to improve spoken English. | D．How to practice reading fast. |
