1 . Shenzhen in Guangdong province has become the first city in China to allow specialist nurses to prescribe (开药方) selected drugs and order tests, in a move that is expected to increase efficiencies in the healthcare system and reduce the patient-load burden on physicians.
Under a new rule in October that took effect in January, eligible nurses will be permitted to order examinations, treatments considering their expert skills and knowledge of specialist nursing or community healthcare. Their prescriptions must be based on existing diagnoses (诊断) made by physicians.
To become a nursing specialist, applicants should have a bachelor’s degree in nursing, five years of working experience, obtained an advanced nursing qualification and have attended a months-long specialist training program and passed a final test.
“Medical institutions must review inappropriate prescriptions given by nurses,” said the regulation. “Nursing specialists who are found to have given three or more improper prescriptions will have their prescribing power stopped for three to six months and will have to undergo retraining before regaining the authorization,” it added.
“Considering the difference in professional positioning, medical education background and work experience between physicians and nurses, it is necessary to fully analyze the necessity and practicability of the nurses’ prescriptive authority,” the commission said.
Zhou Wensi has a bachelor’s degree in nursing and is now a specialist nurse in periodontitis (牙周炎) , or gum disease, at Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital in the city’s Pingshan district.
“Our hospital has not begun allowing us to prescribe. If the rule goes into effect in the future, we’ll likely be able to directly prescribe mouthwash, anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers to patients,” she said.
However, she also noted that most patients visiting the hospital are in need of treatment delivered by doctors with assistance from nurses like her, so the new regulation is not expected to have a major impact.
1. Why does Shenzhen give permission for specialist nurses’ special rights?| A．To improve the overall ability of the specialist nurses. |
| B．To speed up the development of the healthcare system. |
| C．To enhance the work efficiency and lighten doctors’ load. |
| D．To respond to the demands of doctors, nurses and patients. |
| A．well-recognized | B．Qualified | C．flexible | D．hard-working |
| A．A specialist nurse should follow the rules strictly. |
| B．No institutions take charge of the prescriptions . |
| C．Not all specialist nurses can prescribe drugs freely . |
| D．A specialist nurse always has the prescribing power. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Indifferent. | C．Neutral. | D．Hopeful. |
2 . Ms. McIntyre, 38, worked as a publisher. She suffered brain cancer and her health got worse despite some medical treatment. But she realized that in a way, she was luckier than some other people. She had insurance to help pay for her medical care. But Ms. McIntyre and her husband, Mr. Gregory, knew that many people with cancer face tough decisions because of the costs of medical care and wind up owing far more than they can pay.
Though her health was failing, Ms. McIntyre decided to help pay off the medical debts of as many people as she possibly could. The couple began donating money to a group called RIP Medical Debt, which is committed to working to pay off the unpaid medical debts of others. The group can pay off medical bills for about 100 times less money than they cost. In other words, for every 100 donated, the group can pay off 10,000 in unpaid medical bills.
Unfortunately, Ms. McIntyre passed away before long. Mr. Gregory posted a message for Ms. McIntyre on her social media accounts. “If you’re reading this, I have passed away,” the post began. Then the post explained, “To celebrate my life, I’ve arranged to buy up others’ medical debts and then destroy the debts.”
The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this purpose. They had hoped to raise about $20,000. Nevertheless, Ms. McIntyre’s last post attracted a lot of attention. The donations on her web page quickly passed the total goal. In less than a week, the site had raised 10 times more than expected and the donations are still coming in. By November 22, 2023, Ms. McIntyre’s web page had raised over $627,000, or enough money to pay off about $60 million in medical debts.
Mr. Gregory planned a special event in December to celebrate Ms. McIntyre’s life and to announce how many millions of dollars of medical debts her efforts had paid for.
1. Why did Ms. McIntyre feel luckier than some other people?| A．The doctors eventually cured her. | B．Her disease didn’t become worse. |
| C．She had a decent job before being ill. | D．She had security about medical care. |
| A．By paying for their daily debts. | B．By giving away money to them. |
| C．By ridding them of debts from treatments. | D．By purchasing medical insurance for them. |
| A．The public involvement. | B．The couple’s commitment. |
| C．The operation of a website. | D．The increase of medical debts. |
| A．Humorous and elegant. | B．Influential and understanding. |
| C．Cautious and promising. | D．Enthusiastic and adaptable. |
3 . Online Annual Refresher
This interactive yearly refresher course provides first aiders with an opportunity to practice and update their skills as qualified first aiders, at any time while their first aid certificates (证书) are valid (有效的).
Course description
Employers are legally required to ensure their first aiders are competent and maintain their skills throughout the three years in which their certificates are valid.
The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) strongly recommends that first aiders attend a refresher course once every year during this three-year period.
Course content
Session (阶段) 1:
Choking — 30 minutes to complete.
After this session, you will be able to help an individual who is choking.
Session 2:
Chest Pains — 30 minutes to complete.
After this session, you will be able to help an individual who is experiencing chest pains.
Session 3:
Severe Bleeds — 45 minutes to complete.
After this session, you will be able to help an individual who is bleeding severely.
Session 4:
Recovery Position — 45 minutes to complete.
After this session, you will be able to help an individual who is unresponsive and breathing normally.
Session 5:
Basic Life Support & AED (Automated External Defibrillator) — 30 minutes to complete.
After this session, you will be able to help an individual who is unresponsive and not breathing normally.
Booking details
Please click this button below if you are the person who wishes to buy and sign up for the course. You will be directed to our Learner Management System where you will be asked to login or register for an account. You will then be given the option to buy access to the course.
1. What is HSE’s suggestion for first aiders?| A．Buying a four-year first aid course. |
| B．Attending an yearly refresher course. |
| C．Updating identity information regularly. |
| D．Downloading their certificates from the Internet. |
| A．Session 1. | B．Session 2. | C．Session 3. | D．Session 4. |
| A．A news report. | B．A diary entry. |
| C．A research article. | D．An advertisement. |
“What do you call traditional medicine that works?” “Medicine.” This old joke contains more than a milligram of truth. For example, Tu Youyou,a Chinese chemist,
Over 1.7 billion people, most
A team put a crude sample on
5 . Gene therapy (治疗)—which involves fixing or replacing a disease-causing gene or changing its activity—has recorded some remarkable successes and some fatal missteps. Having experienced those extreme ups and downs in the past decades, gene therapy has now begun advancing at a rapid pace. This report explores how the field has moved beyond its early failures and fully grown to embrace its bright future.
Over the past few years, not only has the discipline changed but the definition of gene therapy has evolved. Today the field includes not just direct permanent changes to a cell’s DNA but also temporary changes to how genes are translated into proteins. Researchers have now reported a number of success stories: they have alleviated some cases of blindness, cured cancers, addressed the underlying causes of some blood diseases, and begun to treat some born disorders.
The history of gene therapy has had a lot to overcome, both in fame and at the lab bench. Early tragedies led researchers to different paths—while some of them turned away from the field, others fought to pursue ways to prevent the side effects. What has resulted is a range of new viral vectors (载体), engineered to mix their genetic material more safely and efficiently into the genome, as well as the rapid adoption and development of tools, such as the Nobel Prize-winning technique known as CRISPR.
Gene therapy has more than compensated (弥补) for its shaky scientific start and the field also managed to restore its reputation. Consequently, both patients and the public now connect this approach with the hope for seemingly miraculous cures. And with that hope comes other problems: problems of over-expectation, of affordability and of accessibility. Current gene therapy approaches are pricey and not easily available, and both issues limit their possible reach. Solving these problems may be the field’s next big challenge.
1. Which description of Gene therapy is correct according to Paragraph 1?| A．It is faced with lots of difficulties. | B．It had setbacks but also successes. |
| C．It works by damaging gene activity. | D．It developed steadily in early times. |
| A．Increased. | B．Promoted. | C．Witnessed. | D．Eased. |
| A．People think gene therapy is too hard to get. |
| B．Patients would be cured easily in the future. |
| C．Researchers will lower the price of gene therapy. |
| D．Patients have high expectations for gene therapy. |
| A．Gene therapy has a long history. | B．The age of gene therapy has come. |
| C．People can benefit from gene therapy. | D．Gene therapy has been widely applied. |
6 . Personalized medicine changes conventional medicine which typically offers blanket recommendations and offers treatments designed to help more people than they bam but that might not work for you. The approach recognizes that we each possess unique characteristics, and they have an out size impact on our health.
Around the world, researchers are creating precision tools unimaginable just a decade ago: superfast DNA sequencing(排序); tissue engineering, cell reprogramming, gene editing, and more. The science and technology soon will make it possible to predict your risk of cancer, heart disease, and countless other illnesses years before you get sick. The work also offers prospects for changing genes in removing some diseases.
Last spring, researchers at the National Cancer Institute reported the dramatic recovery of a woman with breast cancer, Judy Perkins. The team, led by Steven Rosenberg, an immune(免疫的) treatment pioneer, had sequenced her cancer cells’ DNA to analyze the sudden change. The team also removed a sampling of immune cells and tested them to see which ones recognized her cancer cells' genetic faults. The scientists reproduced the winning immune cells by the billions and put them into Perkins to attack her cancer cells. More than two y cars later. Perkins, a retired engineer from Florida, shows no signs of cancer.
Thirty years ago, scientists thought that it would be impossible to understand our genetic rules and sequence the 3.2 billion pairs of different elements in our DNA. “It was like you were talking fairytales,” Kurzrock said. “The conventional wisdom was that it would never happen. Never And then in 2003, never was over.”
It took the Human Gene Project 13 years, roughly one billion dollars, and scientists from six countries to sequence one gene complex. Today sequencing costs about a thousand dollars. The latest machines can produce the results in a day. The technology, combined with advanced cell analysis, clarifies the astonishing biochemical variations that make every human body unique.
1. What can we know about personalized medicine?| A．It has emerged a decade before. |
| B．It offers blanket recommendations. |
| C．It uses genetic information to help patients. |
| D．It administers treatment intended for most people. |
| A．Promising. | B．Highly risky. | C．Fruitless. | D．Strictly confidential. |
| A．Sequencing her immune cells. |
| B．Reprogramming her cancer cells |
| C．Analysis of her life style changes. |
| D．Identification of cancer-fighting cells. |
| A．Its wide applications. | B．Its recent advances. |
| C．Its major disadvantages. | D．Its attractive prospects. |
Tu’s education was soon to prove very useful. In the 1960s, many people were dying
1. How often does the man work out in the gym?
| A．Once a week. | B．Twice a week. | C．Three times a week. |
| A．In a gym. | B．On a football field. | C．At a hospital. |
1. What does the woman probably do?
| A．A doctor. | B．An assistant. | C．A professor. |
| A．On Wednesday. | B．On Thursday. | C．On Friday. |
| A．The same as she used to be. |
| B．Much better than before. |
| C．More serious than before. |
