Personalized medicine changes conventional medicine which typically offers blanket recommendations and offers treatments designed to help more people than they bam but that might not work for you. The approach recognizes that we each possess unique characteristics, and they have an out size impact on our health.
Around the world, researchers are creating precision tools unimaginable just a decade ago: superfast DNA sequencing(排序); tissue engineering, cell reprogramming, gene editing, and more. The science and technology soon will make it possible to predict your risk of cancer, heart disease, and countless other illnesses years before you get sick. The work also offers prospects for changing genes in removing some diseases.
Last spring, researchers at the National Cancer Institute reported the dramatic recovery of a woman with breast cancer, Judy Perkins. The team, led by Steven Rosenberg, an immune(免疫的) treatment pioneer, had sequenced her cancer cells’ DNA to analyze the sudden change. The team also removed a sampling of immune cells and tested them to see which ones recognized her cancer cells' genetic faults. The scientists reproduced the winning immune cells by the billions and put them into Perkins to attack her cancer cells. More than two y cars later. Perkins, a retired engineer from Florida, shows no signs of cancer.
Thirty years ago, scientists thought that it would be impossible to understand our genetic rules and sequence the 3.2 billion pairs of different elements in our DNA. “It was like you were talking fairytales,” Kurzrock said. “The conventional wisdom was that it would never happen. Never And then in 2003, never was over.”
It took the Human Gene Project 13 years, roughly one billion dollars, and scientists from six countries to sequence one gene complex. Today sequencing costs about a thousand dollars. The latest machines can produce the results in a day. The technology, combined with advanced cell analysis, clarifies the astonishing biochemical variations that make every human body unique.
1. What can we know about personalized medicine?| A．It has emerged a decade before. |
| B．It offers blanket recommendations. |
| C．It uses genetic information to help patients. |
| D．It administers treatment intended for most people. |
| A．Promising. | B．Highly risky. | C．Fruitless. | D．Strictly confidential. |
| A．Sequencing her immune cells. |
| B．Reprogramming her cancer cells |
| C．Analysis of her life style changes. |
| D．Identification of cancer-fighting cells. |
| A．Its wide applications. | B．Its recent advances. |
| C．Its major disadvantages. | D．Its attractive prospects. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】If you’ve found yourself thinking of a new job or a new career, don’t be upset.
Job opportunities in health care are on the increase.
Fortunately, you don’t need to become a doctor to settle into an exciting, secure, and well-paid job. There are many opportunities available, and one of the best ways to get into the field is to be a medical assistant.
Many medical assistants choose to take additional classes to become nurses and health care practitioners(执业医师). Some receive additional administrative training and become office managers for larger practices.
| A．Job is less for the old. |
| B．The second reason is related to professional aspects. |
| C．This is due to two factors: Firstly, the American population is aging rapidly. |
| D．The field of medical assistants offers many options for job flexibility and personal growth. |
| E．Intelligent technology brings many employment opportunities to human beings nowadays. |
| F．Your first job as a medical assistant is a more rewarding career in the health care industry. |
| G．There is one field that’s predicted to grow steadily in the future: health care professionals. |
【推荐2】The biomedical world is flooded in data. We have a lot of genomic information from mouse to human, precious health measurements from clinical tests, and a large amount of so-called real-world data from insurance companies and drugstores. Using powerful computers, scientists have carefully researched it with some fine results, but it has become clear that we can learn much more with an assist from artificial intelligence. Over the next decade deep-learning neural networks will likely transform how we look for patterns in data and how research is conducted and applied to human health. This special report explores the future of this new transformation.
Right now the biggest assumptions are being placed in the field of drug discovery, and for good reason. The average cost of bringing a new drug to market nearly doubled between 2003 and 2013 to $2.6 billion, and because nine out of ten fail in the final two periods of clinical tests, most of the money goes to waste. Every large drug company is working with at least one AI-focused start-up to see if it can raise the return on investment.
Machine-leaning algorithms（算法）can get through millions of chemical compounds, narrowing the choices for a particular drug target. Perhaps more exciting, AI systems—free by leading theories and biases—can identify entirely new targets by spotting tiny differences at the level of cells, genes or proteins between a healthy brain and one marked by Parkinson’s—differences that might avoid or even puzzle a human scientist.
That same sharp eyed ability is also being used to explain medical scans. Some systems can already discover early signs of cancer that might be missed by a radiologist or see things that are simply beyond human capacity—such as evaluating cardiovascular（心血管）risk from a retinal scan. The Food and Drug Administration is approving imaging algorithms at a rapid click. Other AI applications lie a bit further down the road.
Will the inefficiencies of today’s electronic health records (EHRs) be solved by smart systems that prevent prescribing mistakes and provide early warnings of disease? Some of the world’s biggest tech giants are working on it.
Despite fears that machines will replace humans, most experts believe artificial and human intelligence will work cooperatively. The bigger concern is a shortage of people with both biomedical knowledge and algorithm proficiency. If this human problem can be solved, the key to creating successful AI applications may depend on the quality and quantity of what we provide them with. “We rely on three things,” says the CEO of one deep-learning start-up. “Data, data and more data.”
1. Why do large drug companies work with AI-focused start-up?| A．Because it is required by the government to do so. |
| B．Because it helps to explore new medicine with others. |
| C．Because it saves costs for drug companies to explore AL. |
| D．Because it’s used to check if the return on investment can be increased. |
| A．Positive. | B．Negative. |
| C．Neutral. | D．Unclear. |
| A．Why New Technology Will Change Our Life |
| B．How Artificial Intelligence Will Analyze Data |
| C．How Artificial Intelligence Will Replace Humans |
| D．How Artificial Intelligence Will Change Medicine |
【推荐3】The number of new deaths from the novel coronavirus(新型冠状病毒)reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, by Monday reaching the lowest in 10 days can indicate a change, said Qiu Haibo, a member on the expert panel of the National Health Commission.
Qiu said in an interview with China Central Television on Tuesday that the number of new infections and new deaths is declining, which means that the measures adopted in the city have gradually taken effect. He said the critically ill patients were treated intensively ① . The 10 appointed hospitals with 8, 000 beds for critical patients had 1, 000 empty beds on Tuesday.
''Moreover, a large number of national medical teams have arrived in Wuhan since the beginning of February, bringing Wuhan's treatment level to a national standard ② , '' he said. ''In general, it can be said with caution and optimism that the treatment of critically ill patients has gradually shown its effect through the previous efforts, '' he said.
He said the declining number is also owing to more timely treatment since February when medical resources have become more sufficient. It may also be related to the nature of infectious diseases ③ . As medical resources are becoming more and more sufficient and the country's medical strength is gathered in Wuhan, they are confident that the number of critically ill patients will continue to drop.
He added that the treatment has become more standardized and general patients can now receive more timely treatment to prevent them from becoming critically ill ④ . The treatment concept has also changed from treating a single organ to multiple organs. ''A series of progress in treatment and knowledge can help reduce the proportion of severe illness and increase the recovery rate, '' he said.
1. What is not the factor contributing the reduced number of new deaths?| A．There are many more beds in hospitals in Wuhan. |
| B．Medical teams from across the country have come. |
| C．Diverse resources have become more sufficient. |
| D．The virulence becomes weak as it gets warmer. |
| A．① | B．② | C．③ | D．④ |
| A．Ill patients are treated intensively in Wuhan |
| B．Decline in new Wuhan deaths shows measures work |
| C．Treatment has become more standardized |
| D．From treating a single organ to multiple organs |
【推荐1】It’s hard to do much to treat a cold or the flu once you’re infected. As with many illnesses, taking steps towards prevention may be the best cure for the cold or flu.
Wash your hands. One of the easiest and most effective measures to prevent colds and the flu is by washing your hands thoroughly and frequently. This reduces the proliferation of bacteria and the cold or flu virus from common spaces or surfaces.
Cover your nose and mouth. Put your hand or tissue (纸巾) over both your nose and mouth whenever you cough or sneeze. Covering sneezes and coughs lowers the risk of spreading your germs (细菌) and the viruses.
Get enough rest. Making sure that you allow your body to rest can ease your symptoms and help you more quickly recover from a cold or the flu.
| A．Avoid the crowd. |
| B．Don’t share items with sick people. |
| C．Make sure you wet hands before applying soap to your hands. |
| D．Stay home from work or school, especially if you have a fever. |
| E．Throw away the used tissue immediately and then wash your hands. |
| F．A cold is a viral infection that causes discomfort in the nose and throat. |
| G．You can help prevent common viruses with careful attention to your habits. |
【推荐2】Coronaviruses(冠状病毒) are a large group of viruses. In this text, we’ll take a quick look at what’s recently known about the virus.
Covid-2019
The 2019 Novel Coronavirus, first reported December in Wuhan, central China’s Hubei Province, has quickly spread across the country and around the world.
Intermediate hosts (中间宿主) : The Covid-2019 may originate (起源) in bats, a team led by Chinese virologist Shi Zhengli said earlier, but the intermediate host remains unknown.
Incubation period(潜伏期): usually 1-14 days.
Infection: Virus may spread before symptoms show.
SARS-CoV
The SARS coronavirus was first identified in China in 2003.
Intermediate hosts: Bats are the original host.
Incubation period: 2-7 days.
Infection: Virus spread after symptoms show.
MERS-CoV
The MERS(中东呼吸综合征) coronavirus was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012.
Intermediate hosts: MERS-CoV was travelled from camel to humans.
Incubation period: 2-14 days.
Infection: Virus may spread before symptoms show.
1. What might be the intermediate hosts of the Covid-2019?| A．Bats. | B．Mosquitoes | C．Camel. | D．Unknown yet. |
| A．SARS-CoV. | B．MERS-CoV. | C．The Covid-2019. | D．All Coronaviruses. |
| A．Bats are to blame for the outbreak of all the three coronaviruses. |
| B．The Covid-2019, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are all listed as coronaviruses. |
| C．Mers-Cov were first identified in China. |
| D．SARS-Cov has a longer incubation period than Mers-cov. |
【推荐3】Could a new treatment developed by the US company Lilly mean “the beginning of the end” of Alzheimer’s? Could we even cure it some day? These are headlines and questions swirling (流传) around after news of a new drug, called donanemab, showed promising results in phase-3 trials.
The brain science behind Alzheimer’s is complex, but CT and MRJ scans suggest that poisonous changes occur in the brain, including the abnormal build-up of proteins called amyloid plaques and tau tangles. The damage starts in the parts of the brain essential for forming memories but then spreads throughout the organ, with brain tissue shrinking significantly.
Developing treatments for Alzheimer’s has been a challenge, with almost 20 years passing with no new drugs. But in the last year, two new ones have emerged: donanemab and lecanemab. Neither are cures or magic bullets for the disease, but they do address key symptoms. They target the amyloid proteins that can accumulate in the brain and damage neurons, slowing down its progression.
While this news is exciting, there are major caveats. One is whether it will ever become available on the NHS. The cost is estimated to be about £20,000 per person per year of treatment.
Another is the serious side effects: in the study, brain swelling occurred in 24% of participants and brain bleeding occurred in 31.4% on the drug compared with 13.6% in the placebo (安慰剂) group. There were also three deaths during the trial.
Part of the problem for me, as an academic, in assessing the drug is that the full results of the trial haven’t yet been shared publicly or published in a peer-review journal. We cannot access the full data or examine the trial yet, and there is always a motivation for private companies to overstate the effectiveness of new drugs. Trial results need to be assessed by an independent body of experts.
While it is unlikely to change clinical practice until at least 2025, the news of donanemab is again an indication that science is continuing to make progress when it comes to treating the major causes of illness and death, even one related to the highly complex inner workings of the brain, So, there are caveats and the need for caution, but these new drugs are indeed the grounds for that rare thing these days: hope.
1. What can we learn about Alzheimer’s from the passage?| A．There exists a new drug to cure it completely. |
| B．Most people will develop Alzheimer’s when they are old. |
| C．It is caused by the accumulation of some proteins in the brain. |
| D．It results from the loss of memories as people get older. |
| A．Warnings. | B．Discussions. | C．Debates. | D．Weaknesses. |
| A．It has serious side effects such as brain bleeding and deaths. |
| B．The effectiveness may be blown up without fair assessment. |
| C．The cost of the new drug is out of reach for ordinary people. |
| D．There is no possibility for new drugs to be admitted into the NHS. |
| A．Approving. | B．Doubtful. | C．Unclear. | D．Indifferent. |
【推荐1】Engineering researchers at the University of Waterloo are successfully using a robot to help keep children with learning disabilities focused on their work. This was one of the key results in a new study that also found both the youngsters and their instructors valued the positive classroom contributions made by the robot.
“Overall, the findings demonstrate that the robot has a positive effect on students,” said Dr. Kerstin Dautenhahn, a professor of electrical and computer engineering.
Educators have in recent years explored the use of social robots to help students learn, but most often, their research has focused on children with autism (孤独症). As a result, little work has been done on the use of socially assistive robots for students with learning disabilities.
Along with two other Waterloo engineering researchers and three experts from the Learning. Disabilities Society in Vancouver, Dautenhahn decided to change this, conducting a series of tests with a small humanoid (仿人的) robot called QTrobot.
Dautenhahn said the robot’s ability to perform gestures using its head and hands, accompanied by its speech and facial features, makes it very suitable for children with learning disabilities.
Building on promising earlier research, the researchers divided 16 students with learning disabilities into two groups. In one group, students worked one on-one with an instructor only. In the other group, the students worked one-on-one with an instructor and a QTrobot. In the latter group, the instructor used a tablet to direct the robot, which then autonomously performed various activities using its speech and gestures. While the instructor controlled the sessions, the robot took over at certain times to lead the students.
Besides introducing the session, the robot set goals and provided self-regulating strategies, if necessary. If the learning process was getting off- track, the robot used strategies such as games, riddles and physical movements to redirect the students back to the task.
“Students who worked with the robot,” Dautenhahn said, “were generally more engaged with their tasks and could complete their tasks at a higher rate compared to the students who weren’t assisted by a robot.
1. What can we know about Dautenhahn’s research?| A．It seeks to provide a treatment for autism. |
| B．It attempts to replace teachers with robots in teaching. |
| C．It intends to educate students to be creative and productive. |
| D．It studies the effects of robots on students with learning disabilities. |
| A．The role the robot played. |
| B．The process of the research. |
| C．The outcomes of the two groups. |
| D．The range of the participants involved. |
| A．It warned the student directly by speech. |
| B．It assigned tasks for the student to complete. |
| C．It informed the instructor to intervene in the learning process. |
| D．It attracted the student’s attention through interesting activities. |
| A．Robots promote students’ academic performance greatly. |
| B．There is great potential for using robots in the education system. |
| C．Teachers are defeated by robots when it comes to motivating students. |
| D．Students are becoming more independent with the assistance of robots. |
【推荐2】Computer scientists at the University of Waterloo have created a device for wearable computer input suitable for many situations. You can control it easily just by touching your fingertips together in different ways. The device, called Tip-Tap, is inexpensive and battery-free through the use of radio frequency identification (RFID)tags to sense when fingertips touch.
The device could，therefore, be added to surgical（外科手术的）gloves, allowing surgeons to access the planning diagrams in an operating room. "One of the many possible applications of the device is in surgeries. What typically happens now with digital operation plans is that an assistant is responsible for navigating（导航）the computer and communicating with the surgeon, but this is slow and difficult," said Daniel Vogel, a professor in Computer Science. "If the surgeon tries to navigate it himself using a touchscreen or a mouse, it's difficult because it would require constant cleaning of the hands. The idea is if you wear Tip-Tap in surgical gloves, surgeons could navigate the computer themselves from where they are, and it won't affect their other actions."
In developing Tip-Tap, the researchers mapped the most comfortable areas on the index finger for people to touch with their thumb, and tested different designs. Following user tests, they solved the problem of making it "battery-free".
"We used this design in two prototype Tip-Tap devices, a glove with a range of four meters and an on-skin tattoo," said Vogel. Such devices are useful for issuing simple commands when a user cannot easily hold an input device, and the usage context is a defined（界定的）area—for example，factory workers，surgeons，or people exercising in a gym. "This is the only device of its kind that we're aware of that doesn't require a battery or wires to make it work."
1. What do we know about Tip-Tap from Paragraph 1?| A．It is powered by a battery. | B．It is designed to assist surgeons. |
| C．It is operated by fingertip touch. | D．It is equipped with a light sensor. |
| A．They can clean hands without removing gloves. |
| B．They can navigate a computer without a mouse. |
| C．They can rely on it to give instructions to assistants. |
| D．They can employ it to design the planning diagrams. |
| A．They made the device battery-free by trial and error. |
| B．They upgraded the radio frequency identification tags. |
| C．They made the device suitable for every finger on a hand. |
| D．They mapped ideal areas on the thumb for people to touch. |
| A．It requires wires to work properly. | B．It cannot be added to surgical gloves. |
| C．It is not comfortable for users to wear. | D．It can only be applied in certain contexts. |
【推荐3】Having a microchip implanted in a man’s brain may be common in sci-fi movie plots, but it may soon become an actual possibility.
Elon Musk -- a US tech tycoon, founder of Space X -- has been working on this technology. On Aug 28, Musk gave a display of the chip, which was implanted into the head of a pig named Gertrude. The chip, developed by Musk’s company Neuralink, is just as small as the size of a coin. But don’t let its size fool you. The tiny chip has over 3,000 electrodes(电极) attached to flexible threads(线), which can monitor about 1,000 neurons(神经元). It collects neural signals from an area of the brain, and then wirelessly transmits those signals to nearby computers, according to MSN. That enabled researchers to monitor Gertrude’s brain activity while she was walking around in the display.
Though the technology is still in its early stage, it is encouraging for humans. This technology would solve a lot of brain injuries and is essential for AI symbiosis(共存关系), which will allow the human brain to combine with an artificial intelligence. When the device can be applied to humans, its main goal will be to help those who have mobility difficulties. Musk hopes this technology can also be used to help those with hearing and eyesight issues.
Although such a device could repair those problems, putting it into practice is by no means a piece of cake. Currently, the device can transmit signals from about 500 neurons in the pig’s brain. Compared to 80 billion neurons in a human brain, this number is extremely tiny. And to cover the whole human brain also means the electrodes have to be much smaller.
Also, implanting the chip into the brain poses a potential danger. There is a risk of the immune system attacking this foreign body. Right now, the hope of controlling the brain by controlling just a few neurons seems overly optimistic. “There are still so many technological challenges, especially the possible risks it may cause, to overcome before Neuralink can put its devices to the purposes,” Yuan Lanfeng, an associate professor at the University of Science and Technology of China, told China Daily.
1. What do we know about Elon Musk’s microchip？| A．It was inspired by sci-fi movie plots. | B．It is able to collect wireless signals. |
| C．It is tiny in size but powerful in function. | D．It has been implanted into a human’s brain, |
| A．The operation of the chip in Gertrude’s brain. |
| B．The attachment of electrodes to flexible threads. |
| C．The development of neurons inside Gertrude’s brain. |
| D．The transmission of signals from a nearby computer |
| A．To monitor animals’ brain activity. |
| B．To help people with mobility problems. |
| C．To develop a cure for immune system problems. |
| D．To contribute to the research on AI technologies. |
| A．Disapproving. | B．Indifferent. | C．Optimistic. | D．Concerned. |
My name is Wendy, a second generation Chinese-Australian migrant and a mother of two young children. I'm writing to express my disappointment in one of Macquare Dictionary's entries, namely the definition of the word “monolid”.
In both the paper version (7th edition) and online version of the Dictionary, Macquarie defines "monolid" as: An upper eyelid(眼睑) without fold perceived by some in Asia to give an appearance of laziness. his definition has disturbed me and many Asians living in Australia. Linguistically(从语言学角度), the term "monolid" is a prettyunbiaseddescription of a physical characteristic that involves no feelings, common to over 50% of people of East Asian origin. It's no different to other term describing a physical feature including "blonde" or "freckle".
Take a minute and consider this. Would it be appropriate if the definition of "blonde" became "having fair or light-coloured hair, thought by some in Western countries as possessing little or no intelligence"? Or would it be appropriate if the definition of "freckle" was "a small brownish spot in the skin or face, thought by some as creating an ugly appearance"？
In addition, it is also inappropriate that Macquarie Dictionary—a dictionary of choice by many Australian schools-defines a term in a way which may create negative racial connection for Australian children of East Asian origin. Both my kids are born with monolids, a constant reminder of their cultural background. It therefore breaks my heart to imagine a scene where they turn to the dictionary to find that their physical feature is associated with "laziness". What if they get teased by their school friends that they are born "lazy"? What if my sensitive older son starts hating himself and his race classification for being associated with something negative？
For the reasons above, urge Macquarie Dictionary to adjust the current definition of "monolid".Looking forward to hearing from you.
Regards,
Wendy
1. What does "unbiased" underlined in para graph 2 probably mean?| A．General. | B．Precise. | C．Subjective. | D．Objective. |
| A．Calling for readers' attention. | B．Supporting the author's position. |
| C．Raising the author's concern. | D．Introducing two words in the dictionary. |
| A．They might get into bad habit and be lazy. | B．They might choose to use the dictionary. |
| C．They might become victims of the definition. | D．They might have monolids. |
【推荐2】Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge (大杂烩) of environmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday.
Among the report’s more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings, a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly”, a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting” and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”.
The study was written and researched by Britain’s National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.
“While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,” said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.
The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain. Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.
The report focused on claims made by specific products, such as detergent (洗涤剂), insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.
Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too unclear or too misleading to meet ISO standards.
“Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,” said report researcher Philip Page.
“Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading.” he said.
The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly” and “non-polluting” cannot be tested. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO.” said Page.
1. As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers _______.| A．are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buy |
| B．are still not willing to pay more for products with green labelling |
| C．are becoming more aware of the effects products have on the environment |
| D．still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment |
| A．find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standards |
| B．inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buy |
| C．examine claims made by products against ISO standards |
| D．test the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization |
| A．They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems. |
| B．Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false. |
| C．They could arouse widespread anger among consumer. |
| D．Consumers will tend to buy products they don’t need. |
| A．make product labeling satisfy ISO requirements |
| B．see all household products meet environmental standards |
| C．warn consumers of the danger of so-called green products |
| D．prove the efforts of non-polluting products |
【推荐3】Eugene O'Neill, who was born in 1888, in New York, was a leading American drama writer and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1936. His father was a successful touring actor. Because of that, Eugene spent his early childhood in hotels, on trains, and backstage. Although later in his life he grew to hate his father for not giving him security（安全感）in his early years and a loving, comfortable family, he had the theater in his blood.
As a student, O'Neill went to boarding schools（寄宿制学校）but spent the summers in a moderate house his family owned. He left Princeton University in 1907, only about one year after he entered it, to start what he later called his real education in “life experience”。 At the age of 24, he was employed as a reporter and poetry column writer for the New London Telegraph, where he worked for only a few months.
O'Neill didn't cut a figure in playwriting until the summer of 1916, when he was in a peaceful village of Provincetown, Massachusetts, where some young writers and artists had founded an experimental theater. Before that, he had written awkward plays that were hardly accepted by the mainstream of American theater. While O'Neill was only one of those whose plays were produced by the theater, he led the group to success because of his contribution within the next few years. Between 1916 and 1920, the theater produced all of O'Neill's one-act plays. By the time his first full-length play, Beyond the Horizon, was produced on Broadway on February 2, 1920 at the Morosco Theater, the young playwright already had a small fame.
Theater critics（评论家）spoke highly of Beyond the Horizon for its tragic realism. The play brought O'Neill more public attention, as well as his first Pulitzer Prize. Besides that, he won another three for Anna Christie, Strange Interlude, and Long Day's Journey into Night. Over the next two decades, O'Neill continued to gain fame nationally and globally. He became the most widely translated and produced dramatist after Shakespeare and Bernard Shaw.
1. What might inspire O'Neill's love for theater?| A．His father's job. | B．The support of his family. |
| C．Hotel rooms he had lived in. | D．Stories he had heard on trains. |
| A．He didn't want to study in a boarding school. |
| B．He wanted to receive real education from life. |
| C．He got a job from the New London Telegraph. |
| D．He was quite unsatisfied with the university life. |
| A．Show interest. | B．Hold a degree. |
| C．Attract attention. | D．Receive an award. |
| A．It inspired him to create another three dramas. |
| B．It drew theater critics' attention to tragic realism. |
| C．It helped him win more fame in the field of theater. |
| D．It made him the most widely translated dramatist. |
