【推荐1】The stomach is an extremely strong organ, full of acid to break down each meal. In order to prevent this acid from burning a hole in our stomachs and damaging other organs, our stomach lining is specially adapted to contain the acid safely.

H. pylori are able to live in the stomach by living in the lining, safe from harsh stomach acid. These bacteria are actually pretty common in people, approximately a third of Australians have H. pylori in their bodies, but not all have symptoms.

The bacteria can eventually create infection in stomach lining, a condition known as gastritis (胃炎）, by wearing away the lining and allowing stomach acid to burn away stomach tissue, causing painful ulcers (溃疡）。

Up until the 1980s, it was thought that bacteria could not survive in stomach acid. The cause of stomach ulcers was due to lifestyle choices: stress, smoking, spicy foods; the stomach acid was breaking through the lining on its own.

This belief was first questioned in 1979 by Robin Warren, an Australian pathologist, who found bacteria on a microscope slide containing the stomach lining of a patient with gastritis. In the years that followed Warren continued his research.

Warren then teamed up with Barry Marshall in 1981 and the two continued with the research, trying to separate the mystery bacteria and find a cure. Over the next three years, they tested their theories with some positive results, however the idea that bacteria could be the cause of gastritis was not widely accepted or even acknowledged.

Finally, fed up with being ignored and confident in his findings, Barry Marshall decided to test on himself. He infected himself with H. pylori and soon developed gastritis and terrible stomach ulcers. Marshall then began to cure himself by taking a dose of antibiotics (抗生素）. This once and for all proved not only that bacteria could grow in stomach acid, but it could also cause gastritis and stomach ulcers.

Eventually, the world fully acknowledged Warren and Marshall's huge contribution to science and medicine and the two were awarded the Nobel prize in Medicine in 2005. Twenty-six years after Robin Warren first began his research.

1. Why did the academics initially refuse to accept that H. pylori caused gastritis?

A．Lifestyle choices caused stomach ulcers.

B．Stomach acid could break through the lining on its own.

C．They thought that bacteria couldn't survive in the stomach.

D．The Australian pathologist Robin Warren provided no evidence.

2. How did Barry Marshall prove that H. pylori caused gastritis?

A．Choosing unhealthy lifestyles.	B．Introducing H. pylori to his own stomach.
C．Finding the bacteria on stomach lining.	D．Growing H. pylori in the lab.

3. What can we infer from the text?

A．Scientific progress takes time.	B．Science guides medical practices.
C．Warren is not a productive scientist.	D．Only Marshall deserves the prize.

4. The text is most likely written to          .

A．Chemists

B．Patients

C．Researchers

D．The general public

【推荐2】Japanese businessman Katsuo Inoue chose Italy for his summer vacation this year. He enjoyed the views of Florence and Rome-without ever leaving Japan.

Inoue and his wife “flew” to Italy on First Airlines, a company known for entertainment （娱乐），not transportation. The Tokyo-based new company entered the fast growing online tourism early this year as many countries have stopped accepting foreign tourists.

“I often go to other countries on business, but I haven't been to Italy,” Inoue said. "My impression was really good because I got a sense of actually seeing things there. First Airlines even gave us life jackets and oxygen masks（氧气罩）！”

The “passengers” on First Airlines sit in the first — or business-class areas of an airplane model. Workers serve meals and drinks as large screens show passing clouds and other views outside the airplane. The “travelers“ then receive glasses that provide virtual reality（虚拟现实 的）tours of places like Paris, New York, Hawaii and Rome.

The country's biggest airline, ANA Holdings, said that the numbers of passengers flying to foreign countries fell by 96 percent since June when Japan has stopped most travel in and out of the country. The International Air Transport Association （lAIA ） and The International Tourism Association （ITA） said last month that international travels wouldn't be able to recover until 2024. But they said the online travels have been growing very fast.

The president, Hiroaki Abe, said, “Since we started our online tour this year, our business has been increasing by 50 percent each month. Most of our customers usually travel to other countries every year and they can now experience some of that here when they are unable to go to the real attractions.”

1. What can we learn about First Airlines?

A．It provides transportation to tourists.

B．It is an Italy-based company.

C．It has been in business for many years.

D．It is a new online tourism company.

2. What does Katsuo Inoue think of his tour?

A．It is very cool.	B．It is boring.
C．It is dangerous.	D．It is frightening.

3. Why has online tourism been growing very fast this year?

A．Customers can have more choices.

B．It is able to provide much better services.

C．It is much cheaper than the traditional travels.

D．People cannot actually travel around this year.

4. What does the underlined word "we” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．IATA.	B．ITA.
C．First Airlines.	D．ANA Holdings.

【推荐3】Are you stressed out, scared or worried all the time? Do you avoid going to certain places, seeing friends or doing certain things because of your worries? Do your worries keep you awake at night? If you’ve answered yes, you may be suffering from anxiety.
Anxiety is a normal and necessary part of life. Anxiety is your brain’s way of telling you about danger. It is anxiety which helps you jump out of the way if a car is speeding towards you. But if it gets out of hand, anxiety can get in the way of your getting on with life and can become a real problem. If this is the case for you, treatment may be a helpful way for you to get your anxiety under control.
Anxiety is a normal part of life. Some people may feel uneasy if moving to a new place and some may get overly anxious in certain situations. There are lots of reasons for this. One main reason is after a stressful thing which has happened in your life. So, if you are involved in a car crash, it’s quite likely that you will be more worried than other people around cars and driving.
Being anxious also probably runs in families. If your parents suffer from anxiety then you are more likely to be anxious too. This is probably partly due to genetics, and partly because of how things are when you’re growing up.
Even though people don’t talk about it much, anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems. About 1 in 4 people will have an anxiety problem at some time in their life.
If you have an anxiety problem it’s hard for other people to understand why something that doesn’t worry them, like being in a crowd of people, can be so scary for you. This can make you feel separated and lonely, as may become worse and worse.
The good news is there are lots of excellent treatments available for anxiety. These include taking therapies (疗法) and drugs.
1. Which of the following statements is true about anxiety?

A．With anxiety you are far away from traffic accidents.

B．It’s abnormal for people to get too anxious after a stressful thing.

C．Almost everybody has a certain degree of anxiety in certain situations.

D．When you feel stressed out, scared or worried, you are surely suffering from anxiety.

2. Which of the following reasons for anxiety is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A．Illness.	B．Experience.
C．Genetics.	D．Environment.

3. What can we infer from the fifth and sixth paragraph in the passage?

A．Anxiety is the most common mental health problem.

B．Those suffering from anxiety need others’ understanding badly.

C．About a quarter of the population are suffering from anxiety now.

D．Once you suffer from anxiety, you’d better seek for medical treatment.

4. The author will most probably talk about ________ following this passage.

A．what is about anxiety	B．what causes anxiety
C．how to handle anxiety	D．when anxiety becomes serious

【推荐1】Unlike any other art form, movies require hundreds of people and piles of money. With such financial risks, studios want to attract as many people as possible and make a big profit. I often complain that chasing profits ruins movies. Imagine if Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) had to satisfy investors for The Last Supper.

In May, Paramount released its trailer (预告片) for a live-action Sonic the Hedgehog movie. Everyone was excited, including me. I love this character, in part because he’s ridiculous. Hedgehogs (刺猬) aren’t fast, nor are they blue. Had the game’s designers ever actually seen a hedgehog? Who cares? Sonic has always looked cool. Nobody would play a video game featuring a realistic hedgehog character.

When I saw the movie trailer, though, I worried. Sonic’s eyes were too far apart and his big teeth looked like they would eat my fingers. His body looked like a child wearing pajamas(睡衣). Sonic didn’t look cool. He looked like the half-human result of a failed genetic experiment.

You know the internet. People there will fight you for saying the sky is blue. This time, however, the internet stood together: Sonic looked TERRIBLE. People joked about it all over social media. Paramount couldn’t ignore this online outrage and quickly announced a redesign, at great cost to the company.

At first, I thought it was awesome. Back when I was a kid, there was no social media. We would have been stuck with creepy, crappy (怪异且蹩脚的) Sonic and his terrifying teeth. After the redesign, Sonic looks cooler than ever. I’m glad the studio broke its budget to get Sonic right.

But I’m a little worried, too. What if this starts a trend? What if directors keep going to Sina Weibo or Twitter to make people happy? One thing I’ve learned in life is that if you try to make everybody happy, nobody will be happy.

If an art form only exists to make money by giving audiences what they expect, can we really call it “art” anymore? Some of my favorite movies are ones that nobody liked at first. Usually, what makes them good is the same thing that made them unpopular. Studios might end up with lots of money but we would end up with a lot of bad movies.

1. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text?

A．To describe his love for the character the hedgehog, Sonic.

B．To promote the movie Sonic the Hedgehog for its redesign.

C．To complain about how bad Sonic looked in the film trailer.

D．To express his concern over studios’ attempts to please audiences.

2. Why did the author get worried when he saw the earlier movie trailer?

A．Sonic looked awful in the trailer.

B．Sonic looked like a realistic hedgehog.

C．They chose the wrong actor to play Sonic.

D．The plot of the movie was dull.

3. What does the underlined word “outrage” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Anger.

B．Surprise.

C．Humor.

D．Thrill.

4. Which of the following would the author probably agree with?

A．Great works of art are always disfavored at the beginning.

B．Great movies are ones that reflect the audience’s tastes.

C．The best movies will end up with great profits.

D．A good movie could gain little popularity at first.

【推荐2】Wild elephants wander across the crowded flatland of India; the forest river banks through fields in Brazil; a ribbon (缎带) of green spreads across.Europe where the Iron Curtain used to be. Using such wildlife corridors (走廊) to link up larger but isolated (孤立的) protected areas is the most widely used method for stopping biodiversity decline (生物多样性衰退), with millions of dollars spent creating and protecting them every year. But has enthusiasm for a neat idea got ahead of the science?

As wild habitat is broken into isolated parts by farms, roads and settlements, we need to link them up with corridors of green. Then even if the entire habitat can’t be recreated, old migration (迁徙) patterns can be brought back,escape routes created ahead of climate change and —perhaps most importantly — isolated populations can interbreed (杂交), improving their genetic (基因的) diversity and their ability to-survive.

Recently, Paul Beier, a biologist from Northern Arizona University, and his colleague Andrew Gregory, warned that “in spite of much research, there is little evidence that protection corridors work as expected.” There is, they say, plenty of evidence that wild animals will move through corridors. But supporters of corridors want, and claim, much more than this. They say that animals don’t just go for a walk in their protection woods, but that they move in forever and interbreed with neighbouring populations. In this way corridors supposedly linked isolated and endangered populations into an interbreeding — and much more powerful — whole.

Such claims sometimes hold up. In the United Kingdom, the expansion (扩张) of Kielder Forest in the 1960s provided a link between isolated populations of endangered red squirrels.Genes from isolated populations have now “spread through hundreds of forest parts” across100 kilometers and more. But the Kielder Forest is much wider than an ordinary corridor. Fewstudies have looked for gene exchange in corridors; even fewer have found it, One study researched the genetic diversity of small marsupials (有袋类动物) in a narrow forest corridor crossing 4.5 kilometers of grassland in Queensland, Australia. It found that genetically distinct populations had kept on staying at either end. Mixing was impossible.

Other studies have shown that protection corridors.work. But most have looked at short corridors of 100 meters through largely natural landscape. “That species can travel along short corridors in a natural setting doesn’t mean that they will be successful travelling along much longer corridors which are in a landscape greatly affected by human beings,” says Gregory, “still less that such movements occur frequently enough to allow enough gene exchange to occur so that the connected habitat blocks function as one population.”

Perhaps we shouldn’t make the. perfect the enemy of the good. Is any corridor surely better than none? But consider this. The edges of wild areas are known danger zones for wildlife, where enemies and diseases may invade (侵略). Linking two existing protected areas with a long narrow corridor may uncover it to greater danger along these edges. Unless the benefit exceeds (超过) the threat, then there is serious possibility to do harm.

1. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that people might ________.

A．pay too much attention to biodiversity

B．be.using wrong ways to protect wildlife

C．be too idealistic about protection corridors

D．have given too.much protection to wildlife

2. According to Paragraph 2, wildlife corridors were put forward because of ________.

A．their isolation	B．human activities
C．climate change:	D．alien animals

3. Which of the following would Beier most likely agree with?

A．We should give up wildlife corridors.

B．Animals don’t like to walk in corridors.

C．We need more evidence.to.support how corridors.can work.

D．Corridors can link isolated animals into an interbreeding whole.

4. Kielder Forest is mentioned in Paragraph 4 as an example of the__________.

A．primary corridor	B．unsuccessful corridor
C．ordinary corridor	D．non-typical corridor

5. What’s the author’s attitude to wildlife corridors?

A．Supportive.

B．Doubtful.

C．Disapproving.

D．Unconcerned.