1. What is the woman doing?
| A．Driving a car. | B．Seeing a doctor. | C．Watching TV. |
| A．Her sight is better than before. |
| B．She needn't wear glasses any more. |
| C．Nothing more serious happens to her. |
| A．Take off her glasses. | B．Use computers less. | C．Do eye exams regularly. |
| A．Positive. | B．Negative. | C．Ambiguous, |
2 . Jack Andraka was 15 when he came up with an idea for a new way to test for pancreatic (胰腺) cancer. When Andraka was 14, a family friend died of the disease, and this affected him deeply. This kind of cancer is particularly serious because there is no test you can have done to find it in the early stages. By the time standard tests determine you have the disease, it is often too late. Realizing that this was the case, Andraka decided to try to develop a test that might catch problems at the earliest stages.
The road ahead looked difficult for Andraka. He was still a high school student, and he wanted to create something that no one else had done. But Andraka read endlessly about the disease, wrote a proposal for his idea, and sent it out to 200 cancer researchers. Only one professor, Dr.Anirban Maitra, responded positively. Dr.Maitra agreed to work with Andraka on his idea, giving him guidance and access to a laboratory.
The next big reward for Andraka’s perseverance was winning the grand prize at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. This great award is given to young innovators who have developed a world-changing idea. Developing the test is likely to take many years, but Andraka hopes the test will eventually improve people’s lives and maybe save them.
Jack Andraka is not alone as a young innovator. After all, there were 1,499 other contestants for the Intel award, and all of them had ground-breaking ideas. For Andraka, having a family that loves science and encourages creative thinking gave him an advantage. But the key for Andraka is that reading, research, and discovery are just plain fun, and the chance to improve the world around him in the process makes it even better.
1. Why did Andraka decide to develop a test for pancreatic cancer?| A．His friend’s encouragement. | B．An upsetting experience. |
| C．His extensive reading. | D．An important test. |
| A．Lack of positive replies from experts. | B．Heavy pressure from his schoolwork. |
| C．Little access to research equipment. | D．Great need of money to develop a test. |
| A．The competition with other contestants. | B．His determination to improve the world. |
| C．The support from his family. | D．His passion for discovery. |
| A．Practice makes perfect. | B．Hard work leads to success. |
| C．One good turn deserves another. | D．Failure is the mother of success. |
3 . Is your doctor telling you the truth? Possibly not, according to a new survey in Health Affairs of nearly 1,900 doctors around the country.
The researchers found that 55% of the doctors said that in the last year they had been more positive about a patient s prognosis (预断) than his medical history. And 10% said they had told their patients something that wasn’t true. About a third of the doctors said they did not completely agree that they should disclose medical errors to their patients, and 40% said they didn’t feel the need to disclose financial ties to drug companies.
Really? The study’s lead author, Dr. Lisa Iezzoni, a medicine professor at Harvard Medical School and director of the Mongan Institute for Health Policy at Massachusetts General Hospital, was surprised to learn how dishonest her colleagues were. “Some of the numbers were larger than I expected they might be,” she says.
Why the white lies? In some cases, Iezzoni says it was for self-protection. Nearly 20% of the doctors admitted that they didn’t disclose a medical error to their patients because they were afraid of being punished for improper treatment. In other cases, it may have been for the patient’ s benefit. Some might spare an anxious patient from hearing about the slightly abnormal results of a lab test, for example, if it has no negative effect on the patient’s health.
“After all doctors are human too,” says Iezzoni. “They don’t want to upset their patients, they don’ t want their patients to look unhappy or burst into tears. But they also need to be professionals; so they need to tell themselves that if there is a difficult truth they need to tell their patients, they need to work out a way of communicating that effectively.”
That’s important for doctors to appreciate, because as well-intentioned as their lies may be, other studies consistently show that patients prefer the truth, and would rather hear unpleasant news than remain ignorant about an awful medical condition. Being fully informed is a way that patients can prepare for whatever might occur. Therefore, it is necessary for doctors to learn to express themselves.
1. About the new survey in Health Affairs, we can learn that ______.| A．40% of the doctors preferred to work in drug companies |
| B．about half of the doctors were unwilling to disclose medical errors |
| C．10% of the doctors admitted that they had lied to their patients |
| D．about 30% of the doctors were positive on predicting the patients’ disease |
| A．were trying to defend themselves | B．wanted to prove they were professionals |
| C．knew little about the patients’ situations | D．wanted the patients to spend more money |
| A．how doctors should communicate with their patients |
| B．how to build up trust between doctors and patients |
| C．how doctors’ feelings affect their patients |
| D．how to stop patients from complaining |
| A．report some medical errors | B．talk about the needs of patients |
| C．persuade doctors to improve skills | D．discus the doctor-patient relationship |
1. Why does the man make the phone call?
| A．To ask for a day off. |
| B．To make an appointment. |
| C．To inform the woman of a lecture. |
| A．He has a fever. | B．He feels light-headed. | C．He has no appetite. |
| A．At 3:00 this afternoon. | B．At 2:00 tomorrow afternoon. | C．At 3:00 tomorrow afternoon. |
| A．1. | B．2. | C．3. | D．4. |
| A．She works in the hospital. |
| B．She rarely pays attention to her tooth health. |
| C．She has got a terrible blood test report. |
| D．There’s nothing wrong with her body. |
| A．In the department store. | B．In the laundry. |
| C．At the dentist's. | D．At the chemist's. |
8 . People with genetic syndromes(综合症) sometimes have telltale (泄露秘密的) facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural network that analyzes photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.
Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt --- or overall impression --- of faces and return a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.
They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer 91 per cent of the time.
Gurovich and his team also tested the neural network’s ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations (变异) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in any one of five genes. DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time. It’s clearly not perfect, but it’s still much better than humans are at trying to do this.
As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.
The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders. However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available for use by clinicians(临床医生). Clinically, this technology can help narrow down the search space of diagnosis and then confirm through checking genetic markers. Besides, it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures.
1. What’s the best title of this text?| A．Tricky facial features |
| B．Faces let AI spot genetic disorders |
| C．Facial features give you away to doctors |
| D．DeepGestalt: a magic cure for genetic syndromes |
| A．It can be trained to correctly label the images of people. |
| B．It can correctly identify genetic mutations 91% of the time. |
| C．It was built to look at faces and identify genetic disorders. |
| D．It is much better than humans at trying to identify physical appearance. |
| A．To help confirm the diagnosis. |
| B．To make the system more understandable. |
| C．To help the system quickly recognize people. |
| D．To help identify a condition and make a diagnosis. |
| A．Positive. | B．Neutral. |
| C．Indifferent. | D．Critical. |
The Year in a Word or Two
Can anybody describe a year with only one word?
Each December, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) nominates (提名) a word to describe the very year
2020 was a very unusual year that was really worthy
And that brings me to my second word: hope. We are beginning to see the light at the end of the tunnel, and, with a little “hope,” we will get to see the world begin to return to normal.
For young people, it was the first time that they
With “cooperation” and “hope,” 2021 should make for a wonderful year.
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Australian researchers have used neural cells in a custom-made bioink to create a “desktop brain”
One of the primary goals of bioprinting is to create functioning organs, for example, hearts. By printing compatible(兼容的) organs using a patient's own cells, the donor
Organ printing can improve
