The Year in a Word or Two
Can anybody describe a year with only one word?
Each December, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) nominates (提名) a word to describe the very year
2020 was a very unusual year that was really worthy
And that brings me to my second word: hope. We are beginning to see the light at the end of the tunnel, and, with a little “hope,” we will get to see the world begin to return to normal.
For young people, it was the first time that they
With “cooperation” and “hope,” 2021 should make for a wonderful year.
1. Where does the conversation take place?
| A．In a waiting room. |
| B．In the doctor’s office. |
| C．Over the phone. |
| A．He has a stomachache. |
| B．He has a toothache. |
| C．He has a headache. |
3 . There are many therapies (疗法) for depression, including medical treatment, psychotherapy and talk therapy. Having a range of treatment choices is a good idea because no single treatment works equally well for each of millions of sufferers. Choosing the most suitable treatment is important to them. Now researchers say a new therapy proven to relieve depression should be added to the established treatments. It's called nature therapy. "Interacting with nature can have positive effects on those with depression," says Ethan Kross, PhD, an expert who has studied the nature depression link.
A little exposure to nature helps all of us get our energy back, and it may have special benefit for those who are depressed.“It seems that, from our work, the restorative effect of nature seems to be stronger for individuals with depression," says Marc Berman, PhD, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. That might be because they feel mentally exhausted, and being in nature re energizes them. However, Dr Berman has a strong warning. “We're not arguing that interacting with nature should replace clinically proven treatments for depression," he says, “Nor should those with clinical depression try to treat themselves.”
However, Berman and others say, interactions with nature could serve as a very effective supplementary treatment. Compared to adults with depression walking for 50 minutes in an urban setting, those who took a 50 minute walk in a natural setting were less depressed and had better memory skills.
Why does nature hold this special effect? Berman says, “In a natural environment, we can choose to think or not, and this choice is believed to help us rest our brains. You can then pay attention later, when you need to.”He adds, “It gives people more ability to concentrate, which is a big problem for those with depression. ”Nature provides an effective setting for resting our brains, unlike urban setting. Even in the most peaceful urban environment, you have to pay attention to such things as traffic and stoplights.
1. What can we learn about depression therapies from paragraph 1?| A．They focus on physical activity. |
| B．They pay no attention to interactions. |
| C．They mainly depend on natural environment. |
| D．They need to be tailored to different patients. |
| A．By making them feel energetic. | B．By reminding them to rest in time. |
| C．By taking the place of clinic treatment. | D．By covering up their mental problems. |
| A．Additional. | B．Traditional. | C．Controversial. | D．Essential. |
| A．An urban setting of restoring energy. |
| B．The positive role of nature in treating depression. |
| C．The popularity of using multiple ways to treat diseases. |
| D．An effective replacement of clinical therapy for depression. |
4 . A blocked airway can kill someone in three to four minutes, but it can take more than eight minutes for an ambulance to arrive. So a simple procedure such as opening someone’s airway can save their life while they’re waiting for emergency medical help. This means you’re more likely to give first aid to someone you know than a stranger.
There are many misconceptions surrounding first aid. Below are the "most popular" ones with details of what you should do.
Top four first aid misconceptions:
You should put butter or cream on a burn. The only thing you should put on a burn is cold water—keep the butter for cooking. Put the affected area under cold running water for at least ten minutes
The best way to treat bleeding is to put the wound under a tap. If you put a bleeding wound under a tap, you wash away the body`s clotting agents（凝血剂）and make it bleed more. Instead, put pressure on the wound with whatever is available to stop or slow down the flow of blood. As soon as possible call 911. Keep pressure on the wound until help arrives.
Nosebleeds are best treated by putting the head back. If you put the head back during a nosebleed, all the blood goes down the back of the airway. Instead, advise them to tilt（倾斜）their head forwards and ask them to pinch（捏）the end of their nose and breathe through their mouth.
You need lots of training to do first aid. You don’t—what you mostly need is common sense. You can learn enough first aid knowledge in a few minutes to save someone`s life—whether it`s from reading a book, attending a course or watching videos online.
Remember that anyone can save a life.
1. The most important point to save an airway blocked person’s life is to________.| A．keep his airway open |
| B．ensure the ambulance’s arriving time |
| C．keep the surroundings quiet |
| D．ask for emergency medical help immediately |
| A．put some cream on the burn area |
| B．heat up some butter for the burn |
| C．place the burn under cold running water |
| D．wash the affected area for a long time |
| A．It will help the bleeding stop at once. |
| B．The wound will help produce more clotting agents. |
| C．It will produce more pressure on the wound. |
| D．The wound will bleed more and it is hard to stop the bleeding. |
| A．When a person’s nose bleeds, please put the head back. |
| B．You can learn first aid quickly in different ways. |
| C．When a person is burnt, keep pressure on the burn until help arrives. |
| D．Not everyone can do first aid to save a life. |
| A．how to learn first aid by yourself |
| B．some misunderstandings about first aid |
| C．the importance of first aid |
| D．how to help the medical team save a life |
5 . One morning, Chand, working as an assistant in an Indian hospital, spotted me outside the Covid-19 ward (病房). I was then
So Chand
I was
Later, I often
When my brother was discharged after nearly a month, I sent a message, expressing my gratitude to him for his
| A．desperately | B．awfully | C．normally | D．kindly |
| A．surgery | B．instruction | C．condition | D．medicine |
| A．patients | B．doctors | C．nurses | D．assistants |
| A．rose up | B．attended | C．walked up | D．replied |
| A．called for | B．accepted | C．shouted for | D．offered |
| A．better | B．stronger | C．sadder | D．worse |
| A．annoyed | B．satisfied | C．dizzy | D．grateful |
| A．scared | B．hurt | C．sensitive | D．envied |
| A．supply | B．words | C．influence | D．choices |
| A．turned in | B．called in | C．relied on | D．took on |
| A．comfort | B．ideas | C．caution | D．solutions |
| A．changed | B．meant | C．conveyed | D．benefited |
| A．technical | B．enjoyable | C．timely | D．previous |
| A．movement | B．devotion | C．decision | D．achievement |
| A．boy | B．friend | C．man | D．hero |
6 . What happens when you cross stem cells from a frog heart and frog skin? Not much-that is, until you program those cells to move. In that case, you've created a xenobot, a new type of organism that's part robot, part living thing.
Now a team of scientists has used living cells from frog embryos and assembled them into entirely new life-forms. These millimeter-wide xenobots can move toward a specific target and pull themselves through after being cut.
These are novel living machines," says Joshua Bongarch a computer scientist and robotics expert at the University of Vermont who co-led the new research. "They're neither a traditional robot nor a known species of animal. It's a new living, programmable organism.
Xenobots borrow their name from Xenopus laevis, the name for the African clawed frog from which the researchers harvested the stem cells. They combined together well two different kinds of cells-heart and skin cells. The heart cells are competent in expanding and contracting, which aids the xenobot in locomotion, and the skin cells administer structure. Besides, they can't accomplish tasks without the help of computers.
By studying these curious organisms, researchers hope to learn more about the mysterious world of cellular communication. Plus, these kinds of robo-organisms could possibly be the key to drug transmission in the body or greener environmental clean-up techniques.
“Most technologies are made from steel, concrete, chemicals, and plastics, which degrade(降解)over time and can generate harmful ecological and health side effects the authors note in a research paper. "When these xenobots finally do stop working, they fall apart harmlessly.
“Promising as these organisms are, when we start to mess around with complex systems that we don't understand, we're going to get unintended consequences Michael Levin, a biophysicist and co-author of the study, says in a press statement.
1. What do we know about the xenobot?| A．It is not easy to degrade over time. |
| B．It can recover itself after being cut. |
| C．It will never die with a computer inside. |
| D．It is named after a kind of American frog. |
| A．Appearance. | B．Position. |
| C．Application. | D．Movement. |
| A．recycle waste in nature. |
| B．replace certain damaged organs. |
| C．deliver medicine inside patients. |
| D．improve communication technology. |
| A．Xenobots can be put into the market soon. |
| B．Xenobots are created totally by accident. |
| C．More research should be done on xenobots. |
| D．It is hard for people to understand xenobots. |
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)isn’t
China has been making efforts
The inclusion of TCM in the ICD is a mainstream acceptance that will have great influence around the world.TCM has seen some
8 . Louis Pasteur was a world-famous French chemist and biologist.
He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine（狂犬病疫苗）. The rabies virus enters the body through the bite of an infected animal or through infected saliva entering an existing wound. After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body. By studying the tissues of infected animals--rabbits, Pasteur was able to produce a form of the virus. This could be used for inoculation（接种）.
On July 6, 1885, Pasteur tested his pie vaccine on a man for the first time. He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur was urged to treat him with his new method. The treatment lasted 10 days and at the end he recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment.
On March 1886， Pasteur was invited to present his results to the Academy of Sciences and in 1888 went on to found the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This was a pioneering clinic for the study of infectious diseases, the treatment of rabies and a centre for teaching. Pasteur directed the institute personally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still one of the most important centres in the world.
Pasteur became a national hero and was honored in many ways. He died at Saint-Cloud on September 28, 1895 and was given a state funeral at the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains the virus prepared from human cells grown in the laboratory is safer and requires a shorter course of injections.
1. A person can develop rabies .| A．if he is bitten by a rabbit |
| B．if he touches infected saliva |
| C．if infected saliva enters his wound |
| D．if he touches an infected animal |
| A．nervous system | B．blood |
| C．skin | D．saliva |
| A．The man was sent to a clinic ten days later. |
| B．It didn’t save the man's life. |
| C．It proved to be a great success. |
| D．The man was his second patient. |
| A．Pasteur’s rabies vaccine is out of date |
| B．A new rabies vaccine has already been tested on patients. |
| C．Injections of vaccine still take much time. |
| D．Much improvement has been made on rabies vaccine. |
9 . Drugs are chemicals that change the way a person's body works. You've probably heard that drugs are bad for you, but what does that mean and why are they bad?
Medicines Are Legal Drugs
Illegal Drugs
When people talk about a "drug problem", they usually mean abusing legal drugs or using illegal drugs, such as cocaine（冰毒）and heroin to get “high”.
Illegal drugs aren't good for anyone, but they are particularly bad for a kid or teen whose body is still growing。 Illegal drugs can damage the brain, heart, and other important organs. Cocaine, for instance, can cause a heart attack - even in a kid or teen. While using drugs, people are also less able to do well in school, sports, and other activities. It's often harder to think clearly and make good decisions.
Why Do People Use Illegal Drugs?
Sometimes kids and teens try drugs to fit in with a group of friends.
| A．Why Are Illegal Drugs Dangerous? |
| B．Are Illegal Drugs Dangerous for People? |
| C．Drugs don’t solve problems, of course. |
| D．Or they might be curious or just bored. |
| E．When you are not feeling well or right, |
| F．If you've ever been sick and had to take medicine, |
| G．People can do dangerous things when they use drugs. |
1·急救的意义（挽救生命, 减轻痛苦等）；
2. 呼吁学习急救知识。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
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