1 . In early July, FDA granted traditional full approval of Leqembi for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This is the first approved medication proven to slow the progression of AD’s clinical symptoms. A phase three trial among 50-to-90-year-old patients with early AD showed that it can do so by about 27% over an 18-month period. While we cannot extrapolate (推断) beyond 18 months, this represents about a six-month delay in progression of AD symptoms.
A second disease-slowing drug, donanemab, has recently shown similar effects and may get FDA approval by the end of the year.The development of Leqembi is a notable success for medical science in that a disease previously impervious to any disease-modifying medical intervention now has an available, effective treatment. However, paraphrasing Winston Churchill, this is not the beginning of the end but the end of the beginning. The drug does not reverse disease symptoms or prevent progression, it slows progression. And there are considerations that make it inappropriate for many patients with AD. It does, however, lay the groundwork for future AD medications that could alleviate (减轻) suffering from this devastating disease for generations to come.
An important factor for new drugs is their cost. Leqembi’s price tag is $26,500 per year — much more than the current symptomatic medications for AD but comparable or less expensive than new medications for other conditions, for example multiple sclerosis or ALS.
Medicare has announced that it will provide coverage for this medication, although it is requiring that physicians perform certain clinical measures and enter the patient’s data in a registry in order for the drug to be covered, which will increase physician and patient burdens. What’s more, traditional Medicare only covers 80% of outpatient costs, so for those patients without supplemental insurance, a 20% copay for the drug and required MRI scans (核磁共振扫描) might amount to up to $10,000 or more per year out of pocket, but still only a fraction of the cost of a year of in a nursing home.
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraph?| A．Leqembi can make a six-month delay of AD’s symptoms over a two-year period. |
| B．To some degree, Leqembi is effective to slow the progression of AD symptoms. |
| C．Both donanemab and Leqembi have got FDA approval. |
| D．The drug is appropriate for any patient with AD. |
| A．although the new drug has undergone trials, it is still not effective enough |
| B．though Leqembi can slow the progression of AD’s symptoms, we still have a long way to go |
| C．the research of the Leqembi will come to an end |
| D．some others problems related to the the medicine have been caused |
| A．much cheaper than other medications for AD |
| B．much more than current medications for other conditions |
| C．affordable to almost every patient |
| D．cheaper than new medications for ALS |
| A．physician and patient burdens are increased |
| B．patients do not have supplemental insurance |
| C．patient’s data is registered and clinical measures are carried out by doctors |
| D．patients pay the cost of a year of in a nursing home |
2 . Medical Examination Instructions
These medical instructions are being issued as your immigration (移民) application has reached the stage where medical examination results are required.
When, who and how to complete your Immigration Medical Examination
You are required to have the medical examination within 30 days of the date of this letter; your medical examination must be performed by a doctor from the IRCC list of Panel Physicians; book an appointment with a Panel Physician in your area as soon as possible.
Once your medical examination has been completed, the Panel Physician will submit medical results to IRCC for assessment. To obtain a copy of your Immigration Medical Examination, please ask the Panel Physician at the time of your appointment.
Paying for your Immigration Medical Examination
Any costs related to the medical examination are your responsibility and are payable to the Panel Physician at the time of examination. This payment is for the Panel Physician's services and cannot be returned even if your immigration application is refused or the validity period (有效期) of your immigration medical examination ends.
Note: If you are qualified for coverage under the Interim Federal Health Program, the costs related to your immigration medical examination may be covered by the IFHP. Please confirm with the Panel Physician in your area that they are registered with the IFHP.
What must I bring to my appointment?
★ The attached Medical Report form
★Identification, including your passport if one is available (Proof of identity must include at least one government-issued document with photograph and signature, such as a passport.)
★Eye glasses or contact lenses (隐形眼镜), if worn
★Four recent photographs
★For individuals qualified for Migration Medical Examination coverage under the Interim Federal Health Program, please bring one of the following documents:
●Refugee Protection Claimant Document
●The Interim Federal Health Certificate
●Acknowledgement of Claim and Notice to Return for Interview
If available, you may be offered vaccinations (接种疫苗) by the Panel Physician.
1. After your medical examination, _________.| A．the previous health reports ought to be consulted |
| B．you will submit the results to IRCC for assessment |
| C．the Panel Physician will present the results to IRCC |
| D．you will surely obtain a copy of examination results by the physician |
| A．The IFHP will cover them. | B．They cannot be returned. |
| C．The Panel Physician will pay in cash. | D．They will be returned if you apply. |
| A．Proof of identity. | B．The Federal Health Certificate. |
| C．The application form. | D．Medical examination instructions. |
3 . When London faced the Black Death in 1665, many people desperately sought a way to protect themselves and their loved ones from getting sick. One widely adopted method consisted of mixing two small cloves of garlic in a cup of fresh milk. People believed that drinking this drink in the morning on an empty stomach would prevent the feared disease.
Like those living through the hard time in London, many people searched for treatment that would keep viruses at bay, which is why the claims that garlic could help people spread on social media. The claims caused the World Health Organization to post tweets of warning.
Despite laboratory studies showing that garlic does have special substances, the idea of consuming garlic to prevent becoming infected with any bacteria or viruses is mostly folklore. The idea of garlic as a blanket cure has its foundation in medical folk wisdom, which is an umbrella term for unproven, widespread beliefs about anything to do with health and disease. It can involve herbal treatment, dietary recommendations and advice about following specific behaviors. It is often passed down by word of mouth through generations and may be one of the reasons myths( stories from ancient times) about the causes and cures of diseases continue to exist, despite the progress of medical science.
Medical folk wisdom, like other types of misinformation not backed by science, often spreads quickly on social media. When the UK went into lockdown, the Burns Centre at Birmingham Children’s Hospital saw a 30-fold-increase in the number of injuries. This was caused by folk statements on social media that misled parents into believing that breathing in steam could prevent or treat respiratory tract (呼吸道) disease.
Medical folk wisdom isn’t bad all the time, and nor is it likely to disappear anytime soon. What we need is to understand what makes people believe in it and to what extent it challenges beliefs in science. There seems to be a complex relationship between beliefs in medical folk wisdom and what people actually do to protect their health, which could be key to preventing its harmful effects. Therefore, we should think twice before adopting it. Lives may depend upon it.
1. What made the garlic welcome in the seventeenth century?| A．Its special taste. |
| B．Its low price. |
| C．Its medicinal quality. |
| D．Its ready availability. |
| A．It helps increase the advances in medicine. |
| B．It counts as much as medical science. |
| C．It includes some long-held beliefs and traditions. |
| D．It stands up well to science. |
| A．To highlight the role of social media in spreading misinformation. |
| B．To show unproven folk practices can do harm to public health. |
| C．To point out parents lack medical knowledge. |
| D．To remind us to clarify information online. |
| A．Try to prove its scientific nature. |
| B．Adopt it in our daily life. |
| C．Help remove it as soon as possible. |
| D．Make an evaluation before using it. |
4 . Many of us are familiar with the anxiety that can consume us ahead of speaking or performing in public. Throats run dry, sweat drops, and it can feel like everyone hears your quickly beating heart. But scientists wondered: Is the anxiety driving the heart to beat faster or could an increased heart rate cause anxiety?
A new study published today explores this link in mice, showing that speeding up a mouse’s heart rate made otherwise calm animals act more anxious. The finding indicates heart activity can influence mental state — and finding ways to lower heart rate may be a way to treat mood disorders such as anxiety and depression.
The research team introduced ChRmine (泵状光敏感通道蛋白) into heart muscle cells of live mice whose torsos (躯干) were fitted with a vest equipped with a micro light-emitting bulb (电灯泡). Light from the bulb then shined the skin of the mice to stimulate ChRmine within the cells. The result: a small pacemaker made the animals’ hearts beat faster.
Because the team could just turn the light on and off, “we were now able to control heart rates using this wearable,” said Ritchie Chen, a bioengineer at Stanford and an author of the study.
In the future, Deisseroth and his team want to make periods longer than used in the current experiment to see whether increased heart rate over weeks or months can lead to an increase or worsening of anxiety or depression like behaviors.
If the findings can be copied in other settings, particularly with people, they could have potentials for treating mental health conditions. Current medicines are not foolproof and often take months to work. Going through the heart may be a quicker, more effective alternative. “Operating the heart is much easier than operating the brain,” Gogolla says. “We may actually unlock new treatment strategies for patients with anxiety or depressive disorder.”
1. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?| A．To prove previous theories. | B．To show the puzzle of the scientists. |
| C．To highlight the importance of the findings. | D．To explain the background knowledge of the study. |
| A．To see more clearly. | B．To relieve anxiety. |
| C．To stimulate ChRmine in the cells. | D．To rid the fear of mice. |
| A．Clarifying the purpose of the study. | B．Realizing the potential of the findings. |
| C．Conducting research on human beings only. | D．Carrying out new strategies in the experiment. |
| A．New Dawn on Mood Disorders | B．Links between the Heart and the Brain |
| C．Mice Are More Sensitive than Human | D．A Newly-designed Vest Is on Sale |
Did you ever imagine that one day we could enjoy the benefits of Traditional Chinese Medicine in a cup of coffee?
Traditional Chinese Medicine, or TCM, is
But if you ask younger generations of Chinese, few visit TCM shops nowadays, let alone brew these time-tested remedies for
The concept of combining TCM herbs
As Traditional Chinese Medicine becomes more
6 . First aid is a crucial aspect of healthcare that can significantly save someone’s life or prevent further injury or illness. Knowing when to use first aid is essential so that proper measures are taken promptly.
Injuries and Accidents
One of the most common instances where first aid is required is in injuries and accidents.
Cardiac Arrest (心脏停跳)
Another critical situation where first aid can make a difference is during a cardiac arrest. A cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops functioning; immediate intervention is necessary.
Choking and Suffocation (窒息)
Choking and suffocation are emergencies that can occur at any time, and immediate intervention is necessary to prevent further complications. If someone is choking, it is essential to act quickly.
When to use first aid can significantly save someone’s life or prevent further injury or illness.
| A．In any emergency, it is essential to remain calm. |
| B．This can include cuts, burns, falls, sprains, and other unpleasant injuries. |
| C．If someone has taken a poisonous substance, calling emergency services. |
| D．Perform the Heimlich manoeuvre to force out the object causing the obstruction. |
| E．Bleeding and overdose are medical emergencies that require immediate attention. |
| F．This blog post will discuss when to use first aid and the importance of early intervention. |
| G．Blood circulation (血液循环) and oxygen supply to vital organs should be restored immediately. |
