1 . In the late 1930s, people could donate blood, but very few hospitals could store it for later use. Whole blood breaks down quickly, and there were no methods at the time for safely preserving it. As a result, hospitals often did not have the appropriate blood type when patients needed it. Charles Drew, a Black surgeon and researcher, helped solve this monumental problem for medicine, earning him the title “Father of the Blood Bank”.

In 1938, while obtaining his doctorate in medicine, Drew became a fellow at Columbia University’s Presbyterian Hospital in New York. He studied the storage and distribution of blood, including the separation of its components, and applied his findings to an experimental blood bank at the hospital.

As Drew was finishing his degree at Columbia, World War Ⅱ was erupting in Europe. Great Britain was asking the United States for desperately needed plasma (血浆) to help victims. Given his expertise, Drew was selected to be the medical director for the Blood for Britain campaign. Using Presbyterian Hospital’s blood bank as a model, Drew established uniform procedures for collecting blood and processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals, thus making the hospitals’ standards all the same. The five-month campaign collected donations from 15,000 Americans and was considered a success. His discoveries and his leadership saved countless lives.

With the increasing likelihood that the nation would be drawn into war, the United States wanted to capitalize on what Drew had learned from the campaign. The government appointed him as the assistant director of a three-month pilot program to mass-produce dried plasma in New York, which became the model for the first Red Cross blood bank. His innovations for this program included mobile blood donation stations, later called bloodmobiles.

2 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

Acupuncture(针灸),       1     ancient Chinese medical practice, has been the treatment for     2     (count) patients for thousands of years. Before modern medicine came to life, ancient Chinese used stone tools     3     (relieve) pain. As time went by, this practice developed a comprehensive medical system and shaped the root of acupuncture.

Acupuncture is a treatment that aims to promote the body’s self-regulating functions. Its principles are in line    4     the philosophical concepts of traditional Chinese medicine,     5     emphasize integrated treatment, and balance of bodily functions.

Practices can vary in forms. Needle insertion (插入), the most common method,     6     (carry) out by inserting hair-thin needles into specific points on the body that channel vital energy (the qi). Practitioners lift and spin needles to unblock the flow of energy; restore yin and yang balance; and stimulate the body’s inborn potential to heal     7     (it).

Looking beyond China, acupuncture has become a global treatment. Over the years, acupuncture    8     (see) many advancements in scientific research and modern medicine. It is now a mainstream alternative and treatment for    9     (variety) of diseases. According to a 2019 WHO report, acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries,     10     (illustrate) its widespread recognition and application.

6 . Robots are often cast in popular science fiction as the bad characters that take over the world and enslave mankind. But with the beginning of some serious diseases, robots are increasingly being employed as helpers, taking on often dull, difficult and dangerous tasks and thus reducing humans' exposure to some terrifying virus.

In the United States, two of the main ways in which robotic technology is being used in the hospitals are to disinfect(消毒）hospital rooms and act as a telemedicine portal, allowing doctors and health care workers to communicate via video conference directly with patients without unnecessarily exposing themselves to those highly infectious virus.

In Boston, doctors, researchers and robotics engineers have teamed up to bring a friendly, dog-like, four-legged robot named Spot into Brigham and Women' s Hospital, allowing doctors to communicate with patients via telemedicine.

In March, at the start of the pandemic, a league from hospital, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Spot's manufacturer-Boston Dynamnics, began testing the robot's design to enable Spot to communicate with patients, thus reducing the exposure of frontline health care workers to the virus. In the place of a head, Spot has an iPad affixed to a stand, allowing doctors to conduct telemedicine services with their patients.

“Most people actually really like it,” says Dr. Peter Chai, an emergency medicine physician who serves as the hospital's chief researcher on the robot project.

Researchers are working to increase the robot's diagnostic abilities, enabling it to measure the patients temperature and his or her respiratory rate (呼吸率）.

Chai predicts that hospitals will continue to find more ways to use robots, and tie wonders whether robots can deliver supplies to rooms or see patients with other infectious diseases