1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Dr Jian Zhou was a molecular biologist and virologist who worked with Professor Ian Frazer to develop the technology toward the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines (疫苗),     1     protect against viruses that cause cervical cancer.

Born in Hangzhou, China, Dr Zhou graduated from Wenzhou Medical College and went on     2     (obtain) a Master’s degree from Zhejiang Medical University. He studied for a PhD at Henan Medical University,     3     (complete) this in 1987. He received a Doctor of Medicine from the University of Queensland in 1994. Dr Zhou’s interest in human papillomavirus (HPV)     4     (bring) him to Australia in 1990 to join Professor Ian Frazer’s Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research at the University of Queensland. Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by HPV and it     5     (believe) that a vaccine against HPV might work. The vaccine required a particle that would stimulate an immune response to the virus,     6     causing an infection. This was a significant focus of Dr Zhou’s work with Professor Frazer and in 1990, working also with his wife, he succeeded in creating a virus-like particle that was now the basis     7     the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines.

    8     (unfortunate), Dr Zhou died in 1999, at the age of 42. His work has had     9     huge impact on human health globally. The Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences is therefore delighted to establish an award in     10     (recognize) of Dr Zhou. The Jian Zhou Medal was made possible by a generous donation from the Frazer Family Foundation.

2 . Scientists from Tufts University have developed tiny groups of human cells that can move on their own-and in a lab experiment, these so-called “anthrobots” inspired sheets of human neurons to repair themselves when damaged. The researchers hope the collections of cells could one day be used to treat diseases or aid with healing in humans.

The study comes on the heels of earlier work from one of its authors, who produced tiny robots by stitching together frog embryo cells. These robots, known as “xenobots”, could assemble themselves, move across surfaces and travel through liquid.

Since they're not made from human cells, xenobots can't be used to treat humans, writes Matthew Hutson, a freelance science writer. But the anthrobots in the new study could theoretically. Each anthrobot started with a single cell from an adult human lung. It then grew into a multicellular biobot after being cultured (培养) for two weeks.

These lung cells are covered in cilia. But at this point in the research, the cilia were growing inside the clumps of cells. So, for the next week, the researchers grew the cells in a solution (溶液) that caused the cilia to face outward instead, enabling these structures to move the anthrobots, which could move in tight loops, travel in straight lines or wiggle in place. Their speed varied as well.

The researchers also tested how these robots might heal wounds. They mimicked (模拟) a wound by scratching a layer of neurons in a dish. Then, they introduced anthrobots to the site of the scratch, and within days, the neurons regrew, bridging the gap created by the wound. The findings show new structures that might have uses in biomedical settings can be developed without gene editing and without having to design the structures manually, the study authors write.

“Unlike xenobots, anthrobots don't require tools to give them shape, and we can use adult cells-even cells from elderly patients-instead of embryonic cells,” says Gizem Gumuskaya, the paper's lead author. "We can produce these robots in large amounts in parallel, which is a good start for developing a therapeutic tool.”

1. How are the advantages of the anthrobot highlighted in the text?

A．By showing comments from users.	B．By explaining some terms.
C．By making comparisons.	D．By listing the data of questionnaires.

2. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．The weaknesses of the anthrobot.	B．The culture of the anthrobot.
C．The structure of the anthrobot.	D．The application of the anthrobot.

3. What is the feature of the anthrobot?

A．It can travel both on land and in water.	B．It requires no genetic modification.
C．It can be applied in a controlled way.	D．It can develop from any cells of humans.

4. What can the study benefit?

A．Regenerative medicine.	B．New materials.
C．Environmental protection.	D．Individualized education.

5 . Traditionally, many decisions about medical treatment were left up to doctors: They decided, and patients agreed. Today, health care professionals are embracing the idea of shared decision-making, where patients become informed partners in their choices. Health care professionals now focus on placing the patient at the center of care, informing them about their options, and engaging them in treatment decisions. For example, they engage patients by asking, “What’s important to you? And what are your priorities and goals as we talk about a treatment plan?”

“I think there’s a strong recognition in American medicine, of the importance of patient engagement not only in their care, but in deciding what types of care and types of procedures they’re going to get,” said Dr. Allen, a professor of medicine at the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Aurora.

A 2017 study, published in the journal Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes found that people with heart disease who went through-shared decision-making had better physical and mental health, better obedience to medication and lower rates of staying in hospital and emergency department use. Patients also reported better communication with their doctors. When people are more engaged in decision-making, they understand the pros and cons of various treatment options, and they’re more likely to stick to the treatment plan and to continue that communication.

But research on how to best approach different, cultural groups is lacking. Many doctors cite limited time as a barrier, although research shows that shared decision-making can be accomplished even within short clinic visits. Also, current models of payment for doctors’ visits do not always agree with the goals of shared decision-making. But underlying all that is that medical decisions can be “incredibly complicated”.

Making the practice work. on a wider scale is an evolving process. But in the long run, Allen said: “shared decision-making can ensure that with all the amazing new technologies and treatments that we will have in medicine, they really can be applied to more patients in a tailored, meaningful way that meets their own values, goals and preferences.”

1. What role do doctors play in shared decision-making?

A．They are at the center of care.	B．They ask questions to patients:
C．They follow patients’ opinions.	D．They present suggestions to patients.

2. Which can be a benefit to patients from shared decision-making?

A．Shortened time in hospital	B．Improved healthy awareness
C．Reduced mental problems	D．Enhanced communication skills

3. What is the biggest challenge to shared decision-making?

A．Lack of family support

B．Limited time and money

C．Uniqueness of medical treatment

D．Complicated medicine production process

4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Shared Decision Making: More than Technology?

B．Shared Decision Making: an Ideal Way for Patients

C．Shared Decision Making: a Future Model of Hospitals?

D．Shared Decision Making: Advantages and Disadvantages

6 . A brain implant allowed people with head injuries to function again. The deep brain stimulation implant, developed by researchers at Stanford University, aims to boost activity between the regions responsible for consciousness learning, memory, thinking and problem solving.

During the early trial, five people with brain injuries reported they were able to concentrate, read, remember and drive properly. The trial proved so effective that researchers had trouble completing the final stage, which was to switch off the device for three random participants after two of the patients declined.

Gina Arata, a trial participant, said, “I couldn’t remember anything. My left foot dropped, so I’d trip over things all the time. I was always in car accidents. Since the implant, I haven’t had any speeding tickets. I don’t trip anymore. I can remember how much money is in my bank account.”

Researchers selected patients for the trial who had recovered from comas (昏迷) with brain systems believed to be still well preserved, but not functioning as well as previously. “In these patients, those pathways are largely complete, but everything has been down-regulated (下降),” said Dr Jaimie Henderson, a professor of neurosurgery. “It’s as if the lights had been darkened and there just wasn’t enough electricity to turn them back up.” The researchers hoped that precise electrical stimulation of specific areas could turn the “lights” back up, and created a virtual model of each participant’s brain so they could trial stimulation at different locations ahead of surgery.

Guided by the theory, Dr Henderson implanted the device in the five participants who had sustained injuries between three and 18 years earlier. After allowing the device to bed-in for two weeks, the participants spent 90 days with it turned on for 12 hours a day. At the end of the 90-day treatment period, the participants had improved their mental processing speeds by an average of 32 percent.

“This is a pioneering moment,” said Dr Nicholas Schiff, co-senior author of the study. “Our goal now is to try to take the systematic steps to make this a therapy (疗法). This is enough of a signal for us to make every effort.”

1. What made it hard to end the last stage of the trial?

A．Researchers’ wrong solution to problems.

B．Participants’ refusal to turn off the device.

C．The decrease in the number of participants.

D．Patients’ unwillingness to pay for the trial.

2. Why does the author mention Gina Arata?

A．To present the patient’s urgent need.

B．To warn about the dangers of speeding.

C．To prove the effectiveness of the device.

D．To show the difficulty of conducting trials.

3. What does the author intend to do by referring to the “lights” in paragraph 4?

A．Prove a finding.

B．Explain a theory.

C．Draw a conclusion.

D．Present a new topic.

4. What do Dr Nicholas Schiff’s words suggest?

A．The result of the trial is very encouraging.

B．He needs more evidence to support the trial.

C．The process of the trial is far from scientific.

D．The therapy has already been widely received.

7 . 听下面一段长对话，回答下列各题。
1. What’s the woman’s new problem?

A．She has a sore throat.

B．She has a toothache.

C．She has an earache.

2. How often should the woman take the medicine?

A．Once a day.

B．Twice a day.

C．Three times a day.

3. When does the woman need to see the doctor again?

A．Next Monday.

B．Next Tuesday.

C．Next Thursday.

4. What does the doctor suggest the woman do finally?

A．Make an appointment.

B．Buy medicine outside.

C．Write down the date.