1 . Vaccines(疫苗) are required for entry into school in most places in the United States,the government does allow for exceptions, like religious reasons.

In the last few years,the rates of vaccine-preventable illness have been on the rise. In most cases, these outbreaks began with children who were unvaccinated. To deal with this threat,some schools in New York have been refusing to allow unvaccinated children to attend school.Several parents thought this was unfair and charged. Just recently, though, a court ruled in favor of the city schools.

The court made the right decision.Vaccine policy depends not only on the added protection that vaccines provide for those who get shots,but also on the decreased probability that anyone will come into contact with the disease. This is known as community immunity(免疫力).It refers to the fact that when enough people are immunized,then there really can’t be an outbreak.And if there can’t be an outbreak,then everyone is protected.

This is important because there are people who cannot be given immunizations for various reasons.For example,small babies can’t be given all vaccines.In 1995,the chickenpox(水痘)vaccine was introduced in the United States.Over time,more and more children received it. In 2011.a study looked at how the program affected the number of children who died from the disease.

The first thing noted in the paper was that death from chickenpox went down considerably after the vaccine was introduced.From 2001 through 2007,the rates of death remained much lower.with just a few children dying from chickenpox nationally each year.

What’s more,from 2004 through 2007,not one child less than 1 year of age died in the United States from chickenpox,This is important because we cannot give the chickenpox vaccine to babies.In other words,all those babies were saved not because we vaccinated them against this illness,but because older children were vaccinated. Therefore,people who refuse to vaccinate their children aren’t just putting themselves at risk-they’re putting everyone else in danger,too.

1. Whose benefit did the judges take into consideration?

A．School leaders’.

B．Students’.

C．Several parents’.

D．Unvaccinated kids’.

2. What is needed to prevent disease outbreaks through community immunity?

A．Requiring everyone to be immunized.

B．Vaccinating babies as early as possible.

C．Making sure enough people are vaccinate.

D．Separating unvaccinated people from the vaccinated.

3. What does the study in 2011 about the chickenpox vaccine show?

A．The vaccine is safe for every kid.

B．No deaths have been found since 2004.

C．The vaccine has decreased the death rate.

D．The vaccine is even more effective for babies.

4. Which of the following does the author agree with?

A．No vaccine,no risk.

B．No vaccine.no school.

C．Vaccination is a personal choice.

D．Vaccine-preventable illness is dropping.

3 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Anyone who has had a long-term disease knows that recovering at home can be lonely. This can be     1     (especial) true of children. They may feel     2     (leave) out. Now, these children may have a high-tech friend to help feel less alone. A small robot may help     3     （child）who are recovering from long-term illnesses. The robot like human beings takes their place at school. And their school friends must help carry the robot between classes and place the robot on their desks.

Through the robot, a child can hear his or her teachers and friends. He or she can also attend classes from wherever they are recovering—whether at home     4     from a hospital bed. Delve, one of the scientists who     5     (be) concentrating on developing the robot, explains     6     the robot AV1 works.     7     (use) the same device, he or she can control the robot’s movements. Inside the robot, there is a small computer linked     8     a 4G network. The robot is     9     (equip) with speakers, microphones and cameras, which makes communicating much     10     (easy). So it’s the eyes and the cars and the voices at school. Hopefully AV1 will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class.

4 . Christian Eijkman, a Dutch doctor, left the Netherlands for the island of Java. Many people on the island had a disease called beri-beri. He was going there to try and find a cure.

At first, Eijkman thought some kind of germ (细菌) caused beri-beri. He raised some chickens. He didn’t eat them, but made experiments on them. The local people were quite surprised at that. One day he noticed that his chickens became sick when they were fed the food most Javanese ate — refined white rice (精炼米). When he fed them with unrefined rice, also known as brown rice, they recovered. Eijkman realized that he had made an important discovery — that some things in food could prevent disease. These things were named vitamins (维生素). The Javanese were not getting enough vitamins because they had actually removed the part that contains vitamins. Later, other diseases were also found to be caused by the lack of vitamins in a person’s food.

Today many people know the importance of vitamins and they make sure they have enough vitamins from the food they eat. If they don’t, they can also take vitamin pills.

1. The underlined word “cure” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______.

A．a medical treatment	B．a kind of vitamin
C．a kind of germ	D．a kind of rice

2. If a person doesn’t get enough vitamins in his diet, he’d better ______.

A．eat more rice	B．eat more meat
C．eat some chicken	D．eat vitamin pills

3. We can learn from the passage that ______.

A．beri-beri was caused by chickens

B．the Javanese didn’t like vitamins

C．Christian Eijkman’s experiment was successful

D．the Javanese’s disease was caused by a kind of germ

4. Why did Christian Eijkman raise some chicken ?______

A．To eat them.

B．To give the Javanese a surprise.

C．To carry out his experiments.

D．To make money by selling them.

6 . For the first time, the World Health Organization (WHO) has included Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in its globally influential medical collections, according to an international science journal.

An article published by Nature on Wednesday said that TCM would be included in the latest International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Starting from the 1800s, the ICD has been improved and published in a series of editions, reflecting the progress in health and medical science over time. It serves as the foundation for the identification of global health trends, and the international standard for diseases and health conditions.

The latest ICD is based largely on the work of the International Classification of Traditional Medicine (ICTM) project’s experts from around the world. These experts had been working on traditional medicine research for years.

China has been promoting the modernization of TCM and pushing TCM to gain acceptance worldwide. Tu Youyou, a Chinese expert focusing on the scientific study of drugs and medicines, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for her research in TCM. Her discovery has saved millions of lives in developing countries in South Asia, Africa and South America. TCM is sure to grow in popularity globally.

Though the application of TCM and other traditional medical practices has been on the rise, there’s still a shortage of global terminology(术语) tools for traditional medicine, according to officials of the WHO.

“The decision is to push the safe and effective use of traditional medicine by regulating, researching and combining traditional medicine products, practitioners and practices into health systems,” the WHO was quoted as saying by Nature.

1. What can we learn about the ICD from Paragraph 2?

A．It provides the standard for diseases worldwide.

B．It has a history of over 300 years.

C．It is published in various languages.

D．It has included TCM.

2. Why does the author mention Tu Youyou?

A．To show the worldwide popularity of TCM.

B．To show Chinese people deserve the Nobel Prize.

C．To introduce a breakthrough in the medical field.

D．To prove TCM’s gaining worldwide acceptance.

3. Which aspect of TCM has shown an upward trend?

A．The classification of TCM.	B．The standard of TCM terms.
C．The application of TCM.	D．The official promotion of TCM.

4. Which column of the website is the text most probably taken from?

A．Lifestyle.	B．Health.
C．Opinion.	D．Tech.

7 . A new study suggests that some homemade soups—made of chicken, beef or vegetables—might help fight malaria (疟疾).

Jake Baum of the Imperial College London led the research. He asked children at a London school to bring homemade clear soups that their families would make to treat a fever. The children were from many different cultural backgrounds.

The soups were then exposed to the parasite (寄生虫) that creates 99.7 percent of malaria cases in Africa, the World Health Organization, WHO, explained.

Of the 56 soups tested, five were more than 50 percent effective in containing the growth of the parasite. Two were as effective as one drug now used to treat malaria. And four soups were more than 50 percent effective in preventing parasites from aging to the point where they could infect mosquitoes that spread the disease.

Baum also noted that it was unclear which foods made the soups effective against malaria.

“If we were serious about going back and finding the...ingredient, like good scientists, we’d have to do it in a very standardized way,” he said.

The soups came from families from different ethnic histories, including Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. They had several main ingredients, including chicken, beef and green vegetables. Baum said the vegetarian soups showed similar results to the soups with meats.

Baum said his aim was in part to show children that scientific research can turn an herbal cure into a man-made medicine.

He noted the research of Dr. Tu Youyou of China. In the 1970s, she found that the herb quinhao was an effective antimalarial treatment. The herb has been used in Eastern medicine for two thousand years..

Tu’s research led to the man-made drug artemisinin, a drug now widely used to treat malaria. She won the Nobel Prize in 2015.

1. Why did Jake Baum choose children from different cultural backgrounds?

A．To show that he treated all children equally.

B．To get the number of families that made soups.

C．To find out which kind of soup could treat a fever.

D．To make sure the soups for research were various.

2. What percentage of the tested soups are effective in dealing with malaria?

A．About 20%.	B．99.7%
C．More than 50%.	D．About 10%.

3. Which of the following is a result of the research?

A．People like putting different meats into soups.	B．Vegetarian soups can be effective as well.
C．The meats in soups are mostly ineffective.	D．Soups are actually man-made medicines.

4. The author mentioned Dr. Tu Youyou to show________.

A．everyone can succeed in the research of herb.

B．the importance of Chinese traditional medicine.

C．the long history of quinhao being used in medicine.

D．scientific research contributes to man-made medicine.

8 . Vaccination(接种疫苗) is among the most effective ways to help us prevent diseases. For viruses that don't change too much—the measles virus(麻疹病毒), for example—getting vaccinated is a once-and-for-all method to prevent you from becoming infected with the virus. If you had two measles vaccines when you were a child, you would be protected for life.

However, it's a different story when it comes to influenza(流行性感冒), commonly known as “the flu”, which generally peaks between December and February. Flu vaccines cannot protect us in the long term.

There is no long-term immunity(免疫), according to Theodore Strange, associate medical director at Staten Island University Hospital in New York. “The virus essentially ‘changes its coat’—H1N1, H2N3, and so on,” he told the website Healthline.

Apart from a person's immune protection from flu vaccination declining over time, flu viruses are also constantly changing. So the vaccines are likely to be updated from one season to the next to protect against the viruses that research suggests may be the most common during the upcoming flu season.

Thus, to develop effective flu vaccines, over 100 national influenza centers around the world conduct year-round surveillance(监测) for influenza. Researchers will test thousands of influenza virus samples from patients, according to the official website of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC). The World Health Organization also suggests there are three or four influenza viruses that are most likely to spread among people during the upcoming flu season.

But even when a vaccine is developed, getting it can prove to be difficult, as it is in high demand and short supply. The timing of influenza vaccine production and distribution is unpredictable, thus the availability of the flu vaccine supply does not always meet peak demand.

So scientists prioritize access to the vaccination. The CDC recommends key populations, such as medical staff, teachers, students, children and those aged 60 and above, receive flu vaccines.

This year the situation seems more complicated, as the upcoming flu season coincides with the COVID-19 pandemic. This could overwhelm hospitals, straining(过度使用) resources and healthcare workers, time.

1. What do we know about influenza?

A．Influenza viruses are continuously changing.

B．It commonly peaks between November and December.

C．Getting two flu vaccines can protect people against the viruses.

D．H1N1 and H2N3 are the most easily infectious flu viruses.

2. How do researchers improve flu vaccines?

A．They update vaccines once a year.

B．They monitor the flu throughout the year.

C．They focus on one or two viruses during a period.

D．Influenza centers worldwide share virus samples from patients.

3. Why do scientists prioritize access to the vaccination?

A．Because not all people can afford it.

B．Because some people refuse to get vaccinated.

C．Because the vaccine is not safe for everyone.

D．Because the vaccine fails to meet the demand.

4. What does the author's attitude towards the upcoming flu season?

A．Worried.	B．Positive.
C．Confident.	D．Skeptical.

9 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last week I noticed Jack coughing in our math class. See this, I offered to take him to a clinic. There a doctor asked Jack if she had coughed for long time, Jack nodded his heads immediately. The doctor then wrote a prescription（处方）with instructions on what to take the Chinese medicine. When Jack tasted to the medicine, he almost brought it up. I comforted him with an old saying “Good medicine for health tasted bitter to the mouth”. Jack managed to drink it unwilling. But when he recovered third days later, he felt amazing at the effect of the Chinese medicine.