| A．At the dentist’s. | B．At a school. | C．At a café. |
2 . Nowadays medical technology seems to be advanced enough for doctors to perform brain transplants (移植). Though this procedure (程序) has only been successfully performed on animals so far, doctors are still hoping to perform this procedure on humans. However, in my opinion, brain transplants should not be performed at all, especially not on humans because of the large number of problems and side effects that could come along with. Hopefully these dangerous side effects will convince doctors not to perform this procedure on humans.
Despite many benefits technology brings. I do not think this medical technology of brain transplants will help. We were all born with one brain and through childhood to adults our mind developed into who we are, so if with a different brain we would no longer be unique. A person with a different brain would seem to be a total stranger and in many ways they would be. No one should steal our identity from us, even if we are seriously injured, and change it to a completely new one. Also for the people who have died with healthy brains, that was their identity and it should not be given to anyone else.
Another problem with brain transplants is how doctors can choose what are “healthy” or “normal” brains. An elderly person who has died would have an aged brain that would not be as efficient as younger person’s brain. Then would doctors have to find healthy brains of the same age as the person who needs it? This could also bring up other factors such as intelligence, sex, or physical problems that a person might have had before death. Also another problem might be how long a brain can be kept “alive” after death and how it can be kept “alive” without damage.
Overall. my feelings about this operation are that it should not be done on humans until doctors have overcome all the problems and challenges that stand in their way of making human brain transplants successful.
1. Why does the author think brain transplants should not be performed at all?| A．The cost of the operation is extremely high. |
| B．Doctors are not able to perform brain transplants. |
| C．A good many problems and side effects may arise. |
| D．This procedure has only been successful on animals |
| A．People shouldn’t give their healthy brains to others. |
| B．Having a brain transplant means losing one’s identity. |
| C．Transplanting brains is changing old brains into new ones. |
| D．Having brain transplants indicates stealing identity from others. |
| A．indifferent | B．favorable |
| C．disapproving | D．objective |
| A．To encourage brain donation. |
| B．To stress the importance of brain operation. |
| C．To argue against brain transplants on humans. |
| D．To introduce the technology of brain transplants. |
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper. TCM
Westerners’ understanding of TCM, however, maybe limited to acupuncture (针灸), cupping (拔罐) and massage. As
Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup,
The herbs,
| A．A flashlight. | B．Towels. | C．Water. |
5 . Read this Medication Guide before you start using RYBELSUS® and each time you get are fill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking to your health-care provider about your medical condition or your treatment.
What is RYBELSUS®?
RYBELSUS® is a medicine used along with diet and exercise to improve blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes(糖尿病). RYBELSUS® is not recommended as the first choice of medicine for treating diabetes. RYBELSUS® is not for use in patients with type l diabetes. It is not known if RYBELSUS® is safe and effective for use in children under 18 years of age.
How should I take RYBELSUS®:
*Take RYBELSUS® exactly as your health-care provider tells you to.
*Take RYBELSUS® by mouth on an empty stomach when you first wake up.
*Do not split, crush or chew. Swallow RYBELSUS® whole.
RYBELSUS® works best if you eat 30 to 60 minutes after taking RYBELSUS®. If you miss a dose of RYBELSUS®, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular schedule.
What are the possible side effects of RYBELSUS®?
RYBELSUS® may cause serious side effects, including:
*changes in vision. Tell your health-care provider if you have changes in vision during treatment with RYBELSUS®.
*low blood sugar. Your risk for getting low blood sugar may be higher if you use RYBELSUS® with another medicine that can cause low blood sugar.
*serious allergic reactions. Stop using RYBELSUS® and get medical help right away, if you have any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction including itching rash, or difficulty breathing.
1. What do we know about RYBELSUS®?| A．It can be used alone to improve blood sugar. |
| B．It is ineffective for use in children under 18 years old. |
| C．It is recommended as the first choice of medicine. |
| D．It can be used for patients with type 2 diabetes. |
| A．Take RYBELSUS® when you are getting low blood sugar. |
| B．Split, chew or swallow RYBELSUS® whole as you like. |
| C．Skip it and eat on your regular schedule if you forget one dose. |
| D．Take RYBELSUS® by mouth after you have breakfast. |
| A．Poor eyesight. | B．Improved blood sugar. |
| C．Slight allergic reactions. | D．Changes in hearing. |
6 . Jack was 11 months old in the spring of 2015 when his parents, Erika and Christopher, recognized his development was not progressing as it should. The feeling was familiar to the couple. Just a few months earlier, Jack’s brother Chase, who is 16 months older, had been diagnosed with autism(自闭症) after he did not reach motion and language standards as expected.
Jack’s behaviors were similarly delayed, and his parents moved quickly to seek help. Today, Jack is 5 — he celebrated his birthday on May 13 — and he can speak in full sentences and read. After two years at a preschool that specializes in services for children with developmental disabilities, he will start kindergarten in the Smithtown school district in September. “Our family’s experience is a good example of the power and effectiveness of early intervention. The services our boys have received made all the difference,” the parents said.
According to scientists, autism can be detected at 18 months or younger, and by age 2 a diagnosis can be considered “very reliable.” The parents said they were happy with Chase’s success at the learning center, but still had concerns for Jack because he was not speaking. Developing social and communication skills can be among the greatest challenge for individuals with autism, even if they are able to say a few words early on. “We didn’t know if he was ever going to talk,” Erika said. “That was my biggest fear. We just didn’t know.”
Looking ahead, the parents are cautiously optimistic about Jack’s next educational move. He doesn’t handle change well, they said, and he likes to know his routine. Still, they expressed confidence that his time at the learning center has given him the skills he needs to be successful.
1. How did Jack’s parents know he suffered from autism?| A．They found the baby clever. | B．They judged by their experience. |
| C．They found he didn’t develop. | D．They checked on him in the hospital. |
| A．It made no difference to the babies. | B．It benefitted the babies greatly. |
| C．It got their babies more disabled. | D．It helped their babies speak fluently. |
| A．Autism can be confirmed at 18 months old. |
| B．Jack’s parents were confident about his motor skills. |
| C．Chase’s parents were doubtful about his development |
| D．Jack’s parents worried about his language skills most. |
| A．Autism can be cured if parents take actions early. |
| B．Parents should be confident about their children’s future. |
| C．Early intervention in autism could improve children’s life. |
| D．Communication skills should be developed as early as possible. |
If you have ever seen an alpaca (羊驼), you might
As the Australian scientists studying alpacas report, these animals have
“Alpacas actually create two different types of antibodies. One bears striking similarities
The alpacas produced these nanobodies after researchers put a COVID- 19 viral spike protein(棘突蛋白) into their
Although the results look good, it will take some time
8 . Zhang Ying, 23, could have been a news host after four years studying broadcasting and talk show hosting at the university. So could Du Xintong. Instead of just becoming talking heads on TV, they decided to use their knowledge to help millions of children with speech disorder to find their own voices. They co-founded Voice Changer，which offers language rehabilitation（复原）for teenagers in China through online and in-person service platforms.
According to Zhang, each child needs to finish at least one three-month course, which consists of three 40-minute sessions a week. The length of the overall training program is dependent on each child's condition upon their evaluation.
“When we are teaching in-person courses, the parents cannot accompany their children. The children may feel a bit nervous in a strange environment, but they soon get used to it and start to enjoy the training,” she says.
They also launched a mini program on WeChat that provides online services for families of children with speech disorders-parents can upload their child's information and recordings to the self-testing tool and get a report. As well as online speech therapy（治疗），there are also online courses for parents，including guidance for speech therapy at home.
“We insist that parents should accompany their children when taking online courses as they need to play the role of both teaching assistant and desk mate,” she says.
There are only 10. 000 speech therapists in China, many of whom are not full-time. Unlike common volunteer work, to be a speech therapist volunteer, complex training is required before services can be offered.
“Speech therapy is a complex subject which requires knowledge, including training in education, psychology, linguistics and so on,” Zhang says, adding that their team has developed a training system for the volunteers to grow into professional speech therapists. They prefer to employ college students majoring in related subjects. such as broadcasting, linguistics, Chinese languages and literature or special education.
1. What is Zhang Ying's occupation now?| A．A news host. | B．A speech therapist. |
| C．A psychologist. | D．A college student. |
| A．Each lasts three months. | B．They are intended for teens. |
| C．Parents' company is a must. | D．They vary from person to person. |
| A．To help their children learn better. |
| B．To have some knowledge of psychology. |
| C．To leave their children alone without interrupting. |
| D．To upload their children's information to a therapist. |
| A．Because speech therapy is a new industry. |
| B．Because being a speech therapist is demanding. |
| C．Because students majoring in related subjects are few. |
| D．Because people don't want to take it as a full-time job. |
9 . Summer is coming. It is easy to get too much sun. While there's no cure for sunburn, a small but fascinating new study suggests taking large amounts of vitamin D after exposure may prevent the associated redness and inflammation (发炎) of your skin.
In the paper, researchers exposed 20 volunteers to a light resembling（类似） solar radiation to induce a sunburn（晒伤） on a small piece of skin. They then gave the ''burn victims'' large amounts of vitamin D, and followed up with participants one, two and three days (and a week) later to measure skin redness and thickness. The researchers found that vitamin D decreased inflammation and redness, compared with taking a placebo （安慰剂). And this effect increased in proportion to how much was consume（消费）. Vitamin D also appears to increase the activity of a gene（基因）called arginase-1, which is involved in tissue（皮肤组织） repair and healing. Taking 50, 000 international units (IU) of vitamin D-- 125 times the recommended daily allowance——led to a significant reduction in redness and inflammation, compared with the placebo. Those who took 100,000 IU had even less redness and pain; and those who took 200, 000 IU had the greatest reduction in inflammation.
This is the first study to show vitamin D can reduce inflammation, and suggests that it ''could potentially help prevent sunburn, '' says senior author Kurt Lu, a physician scientist and assistant professor at Case Western Reserve University.
It used to be thought vitamin D was primarily involved in building healthy bones and muscles, but recent research has found it has many more roles, including influencing inflammation, such as the kind associated with sunburns.
So, if you get burned, should you take a lot of vitamin D? The study authors don't recommend it. ''I think that's probably not a good idea and not well established by this study, '' says Barbara Gilchrest, a physician scientist at Massachusetts General Hospital. Such large amounts, if taken repeatedly, have the potential to do harm to the health.
1. How do the researchers confirm the healing effect of taking vitamin D?| A．By observing the inflammation of skin every day. |
| B．By measuring the thickness of skin after a week. |
| C．By increasing the daily volume of vitamin. |
| D．By comparing the effect with that of placebo. |
| A．recommend the weekly allowance of Vitamin D. |
| B．argue against the benefits of more Vitamin D. |
| C．show under the control, the more Vitamin D, the greater benefits. |
| D．stress the potential danger of too much Vitamin D. |
| A．Repeatedly taking large amounts of Vitamin D might be harmful. |
| B．Vitamin D brings less advantages to us than what has been found out. |
| C．Don't take vitamin D unless your doctor approves . |
| D．Vitamin D is more useful for curing sunburn than building healthy bones. |
| A．It gives tips for how to travel safely in summer. |
| B．A new study suggests the vitamin D can relieve sunburn. |
| C．It provides a suggestion on taking vitamin D properly. |
| D．It advises us how to take medicine effectively. |
10 . People who have kids live longer than those who remain childless, an academic study has suggested. Researchers believe it is because adults’ immune systems are “refreshed” when kids go to nursery and start picking up infections.
During the course of someone’s life, their immune system can become weaker. But when kids start bringing infections home, their parents’ immune systems get a workout. Non-parents — unless they are teachers or nurses perhaps — do not get the same exposure to infection.
Writing in the journal Scientific Reports, Miguel Portela said parents had less risk of dying from infection than non-parents and if they did, it was about five years later. He said that “a parent’s immune system is refreshed by a child’s infections at a time when their own protection starts wearing thin.” He added, “With this improved immune system, the parent has a better chance to defend whatever infections that might strike when old and weak and parenthood is rewarded in individual terms through an improved immunization against infections.” Naturally there are other reasons why some people live longer than others, but they may not be comparable with becoming a parent. The academics say that high income and house ownership are always associated with higher survival but less so than having children.
Mr. Portela admits the research is far from complete, saying that while the results “record a relationship between the presence of children and death rate, the specific transmission mechanisms remain unclear. He acknowledges the presence of other, perhaps behavioral factors in parents which result in changed death rate compared to individuals without children.” He adds, “While the relationships of lifestyle choices such as smoking, obesity, drinking and other behavioral factors with life expectancy and causes of death are well studied and understood, the same cannot be said for the individual decision to become a parent”.
1. Why did Mr. Portela say “parents had less risk of dying from infection than non-parents”?| A．Parents have healthier lifestyles. |
| B．Parents have less exposure to infection. |
| C．Parents have higher ability to fight against infections. |
| D．Parents have less experience to fight against infections. |
| A．By being exposed to their kids’ infection. | B．By working out with their kids. |
| C．By refreshing their kids’ life. | D．By strengthening their kids’ infection. |
| A．Rich life benefits parents more than having children. |
| B．Lack of sleep has nothing to do with life expectancy. |
| C．The presence of children can improve parents’ health |
| D．Behavioral factors contribute to higher death rate than having no children. |
| A．Parents and Non-parents | B．How to Achieve Longer Life Expectancy? |
| C．How Is Parents’ Immune Systems Changed? | D．Children’s Effect on Parents’ Immune System |
