Christian Eijkman, a Dutch doctor, left the Netherlands for the island of Java. Many people on the island had a disease called beri-beri. He was going there to try and find a cure.
At first, Eijkman thought some kind of germ (细菌) caused beri-beri. He raised some chickens. He didn’t eat them, but made experiments on them. The local people were quite surprised at that. One day he noticed that his chickens became sick when they were fed the food most Javanese ate — refined white rice (精炼米). When he fed them with unrefined rice, also known as brown rice, they recovered. Eijkman realized that he had made an important discovery — that some things in food could prevent disease. These things were named vitamins (维生素). The Javanese were not getting enough vitamins because they had actually removed the part that contains vitamins. Later, other diseases were also found to be caused by the lack of vitamins in a person’s food.
Today many people know the importance of vitamins and they make sure they have enough vitamins from the food they eat. If they don’t, they can also take vitamin pills.
1. The underlined word “cure” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______.A.a medical treatment | B.a kind of vitamin |
C.a kind of germ | D.a kind of rice |
A.eat more rice | B.eat more meat |
C.eat some chicken | D.eat vitamin pills |
A.beri-beri was caused by chickens |
B.the Javanese didn’t like vitamins |
C.Christian Eijkman’s experiment was successful |
D.the Javanese’s disease was caused by a kind of germ |
A.To eat them. |
B.To give the Javanese a surprise. |
C.To carry out his experiments. |
D.To make money by selling them. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Five weeks ago I had total hip replacement surgery (髋关节置换手术). In Canada, we have a great healthcare system. That means we get our new hips for free.
My hip had been hurting me for years before I went to the doctor. Of course, it was free. She referred me to a surgeon, but the earliest appointment was in 10 months. That is what being free gets you. Ten months later, after some free X-rays, the surgeon told me I needed surgery, which was about an 18-month wait, for some senior citizens had been on the operation list. Another 18 months! I dragged myself out of the surgeon’s office.
Walking through the hospital, I thought about the situation. As the breadwinner of a large family, I couldn’t wait that long, so I had to get to the front line. I was fully aware of what a Canadian should be like (Canadians are usually considered gentle and ca-ring), but this time I really needed to fight for myself. At that very moment, in the shop window of the hospital, I saw a sign which read, “Volunteers Needed.” Suddenly, an idea occurred to me—I would get the job. Fortunately, they signed me up immediately because the average age of the volunteers at the shop was 75. They were desperate for some young blood.
Every Friday morning, I was at the shop. While seeing the hospital staff, I’d casually be asked, What do you do? Then I'd tell them, Well, I'm getting my hip replaced—in 18 months. It’s going to be so great when the pain stops. Soon, all the staff got to know me. Naturally, in my next appointment, the surgeon recognized me. Moments later, I had a surgery date just weeks away.
I had to say it was actually my volunteering that got me to the front of the line. And I’m not ashamed of it, for I intend to stick with the volunteering. Also, even when I cheated the system, I did it in a way that benefits society.
1. What can we infer from the second paragraph?A.She felt rather disappointed. |
B.She couldn’t walk because of the pain. |
C.She was too scared to have the surgery. |
D.She didn’t believe what the surgeon said. |
A.To donate blood to the hospital. |
B.To get her new hip free of charge. |
C.To receive some tiny gifts from others. |
D.To approach the doctor for early surgery. |
A.How I Got My New Hip |
B.The Doctor Who Saved My Life |
C.How to Be a Volunteer in Hospital |
D.The Problem of Canada’s Healthcare System |
【推荐2】SarahRose Black isn’t a doctor or a nurse. Since 2013 she has played an important role for patients at the center as a music therapist (治疗师). One day, a nurse at a medical centre asked her if she could reach out to a patient who refused to take part in any activities. “He’s angry with us, and we wonder if you might have an interest in it.” the nurse told her.
The next day, Black offered to play music for the patient. “If you don’t like it, you can tell me to leave.” she said. After thinking for a while, the man wrote down the names of some music he liked and then looked out the window. However, as Black began to play one of his favorites, he cried. She stopped playing, saying, "Do you want me to continue?" "Certainly," he said through tears.
“It was as if the music went places," recalls Black.” He shared afterwards that he’d been holding in so much and had been unable to talk about anything —but the music felt like a hug."
It has been shown that music can be medicine. A study conducted in Barcelona’s Hospital del Mar found patients receiving music therapy experienced obvious decreases in anxiety and breathing difficulties, as well as an increase in feelings of well-being.
At the Dr Bob Kemp Hospice in Hamilton, Ont., music therapy is widely used. Doug Mattina experienced a music-therapy program when his father spent his last days there. "During the treatment, my mom and I danced around my dad’s bed. He would request high kicks from us as he clapped along. He was so weak that he sometimes fell asleep, but he was happy. It meant a lot to us." Mattina says.
Music has an especially important effect on sick children. Ruth Hunston, a music therapist at a children’s hospital, says her program gives patients back some sense of control. "When children are in hospital, their worlds get much smaller," she explains. "Music allows them to create something themselves."
Music does count in treatment, but Black notes that people actually connect with music for their whole lives.“ We have a heartbeat, so we have a drum inside us; we are born to be musical,”she says,“ Music relieves our sadness in ways words cannot.”
1. How did the patient react to Black’s appearance?A.He asked her to leave. | B.He cried and hugged her. |
C.He handed her a list of songs. | D.He turned away and walked to the window. |
A.Got faster. | B.Went wrong. | C.Worked well. | D.Slowed down. |
A.He often did high kicks. | B.He was once a music therapist. |
C.He didn’t like talking about his illness. | D.He fell in and out of sleep in the treatment. |
A.It improves their social ability. | B.It helps them create something. |
C.It helps them enjoy a sound sleep. | D.It excites their interest in medical treatment. |
A.Thoughtful and helpful. | B.Strong and talented. |
C.Intelligent and honest. | D.Hardworking and humorous. |
【推荐3】EYLEA
Consumer Brief Summary
This summary contains risk and safety information for patients about EYLEA. It does not include all the information and does not take the place of talking to your eye doctor.
What is EYLEA?
EYLEA is a medicine that works by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), which can cause fluid to leak into the macula(视网膜黄斑).
What is EYLEA used for?
EYLEA is indicated for the treatment of patients with:
·Macular Edema Following Retinal Vein Occlusion(RVO)
·Diabetic Macular Edema(DME)
·Diabetic Retinopathy(DR)
How is EYLEA given?
EYLEA is an injection(注射)administered by eye doctor and the injections are given on different schedules. Confirm with your doctor which schedule is appropriate.
What are the most common side effects of EYLEA?
·Eye pain
·Light sensitivity
·Increased eye redness
For more possible side effects, ask your eye doctor. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch, or call1-800-FDA-1088.
What should I tell my eye doctor before receiving EYLEA?
·Infections in or around the eye
·Eye pain or redness
·Being allergic to any ingredients in EYLEA
·Being or planning to be pregnant
Where can I learn more about EYLEA?
For a more comprehensive review of EYLEA safety and risk information, talk to your health care provider and see the full information at EYLEA. com.
1. Who is the passage intended for?A.Eye doctors. | B.Medicine students. |
C.Drug researchers. | D.Patients with eye conditions. |
A.Visit EYLEA.com. | B.Call1-800-FDA-1088. |
C.Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch. | D.Talk to a medical professor. |
A.A medical report. | B.An introduction to a book. |
C.A healthcare contract. | D.A piece of medical instructions. |
【推荐1】Living an Adventurous Life
Nearly ten years ago, I was told that I had a brain tumor, and this experience changed my attitude about adventure forever. I thought that I was going to die and that all my adventures were over. I did not have a brain tumor, it turned out, but rather multiple sclerosis, which meant that, although they were not over, the nature of my adventures could have to change.
Each morning that I wake up is a fresh event, something that I might not have had. Each gesture that I make carries the weight of uncertainty and demands significant attention: buttoning my shirt, changing a light bulb, walking down stairs. I might not be able to do it this time. If I could not delight in them, they would likely drown me in anger and in self-pity.
I admire the grand adventures of others. I read about them with interest. With Peter Matthiessen I have hiked across the Himalayas to the Crystal Mountain. I have walked with Annie Dillard up, down, into, and across Tinker Creek in all Seasons. David Bain has gone with me along 110 miles of Philippine coast, and Ed Abbey has rowed me down the Colorado River. I enjoy the adventures of these courageous figures, who can strike out on difficult trips—2 miles, 250 miles, 3000 miles—ready to bear cold and tiredness—indeed not just to bear but to celebrate.
But as for me, I can no longer walk very far from the armchair in which I read. Some days I don't even make it to the backyard. And yet I'm unwilling to give up the adventurous life, the difficulty of it, even the pain, the anxiety and fear, and the sudden brief lift of spirit that makes a hard journey more attractive.
I refine adventure, make it smaller and smaller. And now, whether I am moving on my hands and knees across the dining room to help my cat, lying wide-eyed in the dark battling another period of sadness, gathering flowers from the garden, meeting a friend for lunch, I am always having the adventures that are mine to have.
1. What happens to the author after her illness?
A.She has a fear of medical treatments. | B.She travels to places she has dreamed. |
C.She can't take care of herself any longer | D.She is not drowned in anger and self-pity. |
A.Because they write popular novels. | B.Because they are great adventurers. |
C.Because they are famous geographers. | D.Because they struggle with hardship in life |
A.sadness | B.sacrifice | C.security | D.satisfaction |
A.The struggles of great people against difficulties. |
B.Her concern about giving up certain activities. |
C.Her adapting to the situation with an illness. |
D.The exciting traveling experience of others. |
A.Travel can enrich a person's life. |
B.Reading is an activity that a patient enjoys most. |
C.A positive attitude can improve a difficult situation. |
D.A person's ability can be improved through reading. |
【推荐2】When Makayla Nunn was 8, she was diagnosed (诊断) with an illness called chronic (慢性的) fatigue syndrome. People with this condition are always affected by extreme tiredness. The feeling doesn't go away when they sleep or rest. Makayla lives in the United Kingdom. Because of her illness, she had to give up some of her hobbies.
On her doctor's orders, she started spending no more than three hours at school each day. She soon fell behind in her studies, and she missed her friends. “I would love to see them more,” Makayla, now 15, told TIME for Kids. Then Makayla's mom introduced her to a tool that would help her keep on top of schoolwork and stay connected to friends. It was a robot called AV1. AV1 is 11 inches tall and weighs about two pounds. The robot was developed to help kids who have a chronic illness.
Now, when Makayla can't make it to school, AV1 takes her place. If she feels well enough to take part in a lesson, she opens an app on her phone. She uses AV1's camera to see what's happening in the classroom.
AV1 isn't the only technology that lets kids who are sick attend school remotely (远程地). But AV1 is specially designed to encourage social interaction. The robot's expressive eyes let Makayla show emotions (情绪) to people such as happiness or sadness. The whisper function allows her to speak with friends in class. And AV1 is easily carried, so Makayla's friends can take it with them during breaks or on social outings.
Makayla's classmates nicknamed her robot Robbie. One staff member even made Robbie a coat so it wouldn't get cold.
Karen Dolva cofounded No Isolation, the company that makes AV1, in 2015. “When you're not in school, you miss out on all these small, magical moments and interactions,” Dolva told TIME for Kids. “AV1 helps you stay active in the conversation.”
1. How does Makayla differ from common people?A.She is fighting against a deadly illness. | B.She never falls asleep at night. |
C.She hates going to school. | D.She always feels very tired. |
A.To get homeschooled. | B.To turn to a robot for help. |
C.To stay at school for a limited time. | D.To talk to her classmates more often. |
A.It is designed for disabled kids. | B.It can do schoolwork for kids. |
C.It is hard to carry around. | D.It can express emotions. |
A.AV1 can communicate with people everywhere. |
B.AV1 can help people in social activities. |
C.AV1 has been tried out many times. |
D.AV1 has been widely used in class. |
【推荐3】Nail biting is a common habit. A lot of people tend to bite their finger nails when nervous and anxious. It is a good way to reduce their stress. However, nail biting affects 30 percent of adults, 45 percent of teens and 30 percent of children. It can invite bacteria to enter the body and the blood, increasing your chances of catching a cold or the flu, according to the Mayo Clinic. Not to mention that it can ruin your smile.
The most common virus hiding under your nails is staphylococcus, which can enter the body through breaks in your skin after you bite your nails. If that is not enough a warning, just imagine parasites, hanging out in your nail tissue as you open mouth and put in your finger. So next time the anxiety comes in, try taking five deep breaths instead.
According to the Center for Disease Control, there are more than 200 cold viruses floating around at any given time. You may get one because of exposure to the sick. However, you can reduce your chances of catching a virus by keeping your hands away from your mouth. Viruses that cause the cold are active on your skin as well, so often wash your hands with soap and water, and avoid nail biting by chewing gum.
Nail biting can also damage the teeth. Check with your dentist whether having a mouth guard can help you to stop biting your nails or at least reduce some of the damage it can cause. She may be able to suggest some other ways to help you give up the habit for good.
1. Who is most likely to be affected by nail biting?A.The 16-year-old Bob. | B.The second grader Gene. |
C.The seven-month-old Jane. | D.The mother of five children, Kate. |
A.You should be careful of the nail. | B.Nail biting harms your health a lot. |
C.Deep breaths are useful to keep calm. | D.People lack warnings about biting nails. |
A.Avoiding chewing gum. | B.Washing your face often. |
C.Going to a dentist often. | D.Staying away from the sick. |
A.Nail Biting Is a Common Habit | B.Nail Biting Can Reduce Stress Well |
C.Nail Biting Ruins Your Health and Smile | D.Nail Biting Should Be Checked with a Dentist |
【推荐1】When her classmates were having a good time, Molly sat at the picnic table alone. She remained embarrassed around her classmates. She seemed unsure of what to do or say, yet I could see her eyes longing for acceptance. Many students had already decided that her friendship would not be worth(值)the energy required to overcome the embarrassment. Others laughed at her. Most ignored her—except for one.
Brianna was making the other students laugh, as usual. “Brianna, do you see Molly down there? Would you mind walking down there and inviting her to come up here with the rest of us? I said.
Brianna sighed. I could tell she didn’t want to waste her precious time to do what I was asking of her, but I also knew her heart. She often thought of others before herself—a rare character for anyone, much less a kid.
Knowing this choice was hard for her, I pulled out a D-buck, our class currency(货币). Though this was not the ideal way to deal with this situation. I needed her cooperation(合作). “Here, I’ll pay you for your time.” I said to her. She offered an insincere smile, grasped the green paper, and headed down the hill.
As the rest of the children screamed and laughed, my eyes locked on Brianna as she neared the picnic table. Molly could be difficult to get along with, and I wouldn’t have been surprised if she sent Brianna back alone, refusing her invitation. When she encouraged herself to a standing position, I sighed with relief.
Minutes later, I felt a tap on my shoulder. “Here. Mrs. D.” Brianna handed me the D-buck. “Why?” I asked. “I shouldn’t keep this.” Her eyes fell to her feet, guilt showing from her quiet voice. “I don’t want Molly to think I only went to get her so I could earn the money. She’s my friend.”
A moment later, they were all laughing again, and who should I see among them, laughing for the first time that week? Molly.
1. According to the author, what was Molly like?A.She ignored the jokes from other kids. |
B.She felt embarrassed at being laughed at. |
C.She desired to be accepted by other kids. |
D.She had no interest in making friends. |
A.Her talent. | B.Her cooperation. |
C.Her honesty. | D.Her kindness |
A.Worried. | B.Satisfied. |
C.Excited. | D.Confused. |
A.To avoid losing it one day. |
B.To get a pure friendship with Molly. |
C.To make friends with her teacher. |
D.To escape from being punished by her teacher. |
【推荐2】Many have had the same thought as Shannon St. Onge when looking at the approach of snow on a weather forecast—that they have time to finish their jobs. As the director of finance at the First Nations University of Canada, she had to drive 25 kilometers from her home to the city of Regina to attend an important meeting.
As she was leaving, the winter snow began to fall. Taking a dirt road for better traction (牵引) on her tires, she quickly became lost, with no ability to see the edge of the road from a rolled-down window. After a while she stopped and called 911.
“The operator took my information and told me to wait out the storm as my tank was full and I was warm. I waited almost 14 hours and nobody has called me yet to check in,” she wrote in a Face-book post.
“Would the gas tank last until morning? What if I was hit by another vehicle? What if I didn’t make it home at all?” St. Onge wondered.
Determined to ensure the safest end, she went out in the storm and discovered her location on a road sign, and then found a neighborhood Facebook group for the area she was passing through—warning others of her plight through a Google Maps pin.
That was when 80-year-old Andre Bouvier Sr., a retired rescuer, got a call about St. Onge’s situation. He went out to find her, on foot, since he couldn’t manage to start his tractor.
On the way he found three other stranded (被困) vehicles. He walked the quarter mile there and back, and led the helpless cars one by one to his home. Bouvier let the survivors sleep at his house, where they ate and laughed, and departed the next morning after he had cleaned the driveway.
1. Why did St. Onge take a dirt road?A.She was familiar with it. | B.She could refuel on the road. |
C.She took the dirt road to save time. | D.She thought dirt road could increase traction. |
A.Wait out the storm. | B.Find a warm place. |
C.Ask Bouvier for help. | D.Write her condition in a Facebook post. |
A.Wrong turn. | B.Poor sense of direction. |
C.Difficult situation. | D.Bad weather. |
A.Patient and gifted. | B.Brave and selfless. |
C.Proud and determined. | D.Adventurous and ambitious. |
【推荐3】The Party of Their Lives
In Los Angeles’s infamous Skid Row, there are hundreds of children living on the streets or in shelters. It’s a place where dreams go to die. But one couple is determined to use their own experience with loss to foster a sense of hope.
In 2013, Mary Davis and her husband lost their first unborn kid. Refusing to let the heartbreak break them, they became volunteers in a Skid Row homeless shelter. They found that many of the kids there had never had a single birthday party before, so they decided to throw a birthday party for those homeless kids. They took over a room in the Union Rescue Mission and filled it with streamers, gifts and a cake. The kids were so excited that they made their own music — singing and clapping and, of course, laughing.
Since then, the couple have thrown a party each and every month. They routinely attract 250 kids and their parents. An hour before each party, volunteers arrive to set up the decorations and activities: face painting, balloon artists, a DJ, cake, and pizza. There are small presents for the kids celebrating their birthdays, but the Davis make sure there are more than enough to go around.
“I remember a mom came with her kid,” Mary says. “It was their first night at the shelter, and her child had a birthday. We had an extra gift for her — pink headphones. The little girl was so excited. And her mom... she’s crying. ‘I never imagined we would ever need to be in a shelter. I didn’t know what to expect. But I really didn’t expect a birthday party for my child.’ she cried with happiness.”
Doing her best to normalize these kids’ lives is both heartwarming and bittersweet, Mary says. “If you look outside, you see homeless person after homeless person on the street, and it reminds you that these kids don’t get to leave this area after the party.”
It may be why, after throwing 88 parties, she still cries after each one. She credits the kids in the shelter with helping her hold on to hope. “We didn’t realize how much joy they were going to bring us,” she told CBS News. “And it was so healing for both kids and us.”
1. In Skid Row, hundreds of kids ________.A.were homeless | B.lost their parents |
C.dropped out of school | D.were crazy about parties |
A.They raised much money. |
B.They rented many houses. |
C.They hosted birthday parties. |
D.They made birthday presents. |
A.Honest and generous. | B.Caring and generous. |
C.Outgoing and caring. | D.Outgoing and honest. |
A.Well begun, half done. |
B.East or west, home is best. |
C.What goes around comes around. |
D.Where there is love, there is hope. |