For the first time, the World Health Organization (WHO) has included Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in its globally influential medical collections, according to an international science journal.
An article published by Nature on Wednesday said that TCM would be included in the latest International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Starting from the 1800s, the ICD has been improved and published in a series of editions, reflecting the progress in health and medical science over time. It serves as the foundation for the identification of global health trends, and the international standard for diseases and health conditions.
The latest ICD is based largely on the work of the International Classification of Traditional Medicine (ICTM) project’s experts from around the world. These experts had been working on traditional medicine research for years.
China has been promoting the modernization of TCM and pushing TCM to gain acceptance worldwide. Tu Youyou, a Chinese expert focusing on the scientific study of drugs and medicines, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for her research in TCM. Her discovery has saved millions of lives in developing countries in South Asia, Africa and South America. TCM is sure to grow in popularity globally.
Though the application of TCM and other traditional medical practices has been on the rise, there’s still a shortage of global terminology(术语) tools for traditional medicine, according to officials of the WHO.
“The decision is to push the safe and effective use of traditional medicine by regulating, researching and combining traditional medicine products, practitioners and practices into health systems,” the WHO was quoted as saying by Nature.
1. What can we learn about the ICD from Paragraph 2?A.It provides the standard for diseases worldwide. |
B.It has a history of over 300 years. |
C.It is published in various languages. |
D.It has included TCM. |
A.To show the worldwide popularity of TCM. |
B.To show Chinese people deserve the Nobel Prize. |
C.To introduce a breakthrough in the medical field. |
D.To prove TCM’s gaining worldwide acceptance. |
A.The classification of TCM. | B.The standard of TCM terms. |
C.The application of TCM. | D.The official promotion of TCM. |
A.Lifestyle. | B.Health. |
C.Opinion. | D.Tech. |
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【推荐1】Traditionally, many decisions about medical treatment were left up to doctors: They decided, and patients agreed. Today, health care professionals are embracing the idea of shared decision-making, where patients become informed partners in their choices. Health care professionals now focus on placing the patient at the center of care, informing them about their options, and engaging them in treatment decisions. For example, they engage patients by asking, “What’s important to you? And what are your priorities and goals as we talk about a treatment plan?”
“I think there’s a strong recognition in American medicine, of the importance of patient engagement not only in their care, but in deciding what types of care and types of procedures they’re going to get,” said Dr. Allen, a professor of medicine at the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Aurora.
A 2017 study, published in the journal Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes found that people with heart disease who went through-shared decision-making had better physical and mental health, better obedience to medication and lower rates of staying in hospital and emergency department use. Patients also reported better communication with their doctors. When people are more engaged in decision-making, they understand the pros and cons of various treatment options, and they’re more likely to stick to the treatment plan and to continue that communication.
But research on how to best approach different, cultural groups is lacking. Many doctors cite limited time as a barrier, although research shows that shared decision-making can be accomplished even within short clinic visits. Also, current models of payment for doctors’ visits do not always agree with the goals of shared decision-making. But underlying all that is that medical decisions can be “incredibly complicated”.
Making the practice work. on a wider scale is an evolving process. But in the long run, Allen said: “shared decision-making can ensure that with all the amazing new technologies and treatments that we will have in medicine, they really can be applied to more patients in a tailored, meaningful way that meets their own values, goals and preferences.”
1. What role do doctors play in shared decision-making?A.They are at the center of care. | B.They ask questions to patients: |
C.They follow patients’ opinions. | D.They present suggestions to patients. |
A.Shortened time in hospital | B.Improved healthy awareness |
C.Reduced mental problems | D.Enhanced communication skills |
A.Lack of family support |
B.Limited time and money |
C.Uniqueness of medical treatment |
D.Complicated medicine production process |
A.Shared Decision Making: More than Technology? |
B.Shared Decision Making: an Ideal Way for Patients |
C.Shared Decision Making: a Future Model of Hospitals? |
D.Shared Decision Making: Advantages and Disadvantages |
【推荐2】Jack Andraka was 15 when he came up with an idea for a new way to test for pancreatic (胰腺) cancer. When Andraka was 14, a family friend died of the disease, and this affected him deeply. This kind of cancer is particularly serious because there is no test you can have done to find it in the early stages. By the time standard tests determine you have the disease, it is often too late. Realizing that this was the case, Andraka decided to try to develop a test that might catch problems at the earliest stages.
The road ahead looked difficult for Andraka. He was still a high school student, and he wanted to create something that no one else had done. But Andraka read endlessly about the disease, wrote a proposal for his idea, and sent it out to 200 cancer researchers. Only one professor, Dr.Anirban Maitra, responded positively. Dr.Maitra agreed to work with Andraka on his idea, giving him guidance and access to a laboratory.
The next big reward for Andraka’s perseverance was winning the grand prize at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. This great award is given to young innovators who have developed a world-changing idea. Developing the test is likely to take many years, but Andraka hopes the test will eventually improve people’s lives and maybe save them.
Jack Andraka is not alone as a young innovator. After all, there were 1,499 other contestants for the Intel award, and all of them had ground-breaking ideas. For Andraka, having a family that loves science and encourages creative thinking gave him an advantage. But the key for Andraka is that reading, research, and discovery are just plain fun, and the chance to improve the world around him in the process makes it even better.
1. Why did Andraka decide to develop a test for pancreatic cancer?A.His friend’s encouragement. | B.An upsetting experience. |
C.His extensive reading. | D.An important test. |
A.Lack of positive replies from experts. | B.Heavy pressure from his schoolwork. |
C.Little access to research equipment. | D.Great need of money to develop a test. |
A.The competition with other contestants. | B.His determination to improve the world. |
C.The support from his family. | D.His passion for discovery. |
A.Practice makes perfect. | B.Hard work leads to success. |
C.One good turn deserves another. | D.Failure is the mother of success. |
【推荐3】In a new movie, doctors are using feature films in order to encourage their patients to talk more freely about their problems. Supporters of “film therapy (疗法)” say that discussing characters and plot lines from a proper film can help people to understand their feelings better.
One of those using the method is Bernie Wooder, a doctor from Elstree, who charges £45 for a one-hour “film therapy” session. He said, “I was treating a woman who had been badly let down in a relationship, and who was experiencing such strong feelings that it was difficult for her to speak about them. I told her that her situation reminded me of On the Waterfront, when Marlon Brando's character realizes his brother is dishonest and he feels a great sense of betrayal (背叛). My patient identified so easily with him that she started to cry. Watching and discussing the film
unlocked all the feelings she had buried. Each time she watched and cried, she felt better.”
Mr Wooder admits that film therapy does not work for everyone, but says he has used it successfully with about a third of his clients. “Through the films' characters, plots and even music, it allows people to face their problems.” He said that Falling Down, in which Michael Douglas plays the part of an unemployed man who is so frustrated (沮丧的) that he uses violence, was an example of the dangerous implications (后果) of not letting anger go. “I used this film with a patient who was very upset because he was holding on to a lot of the anger he felt towards people who had frustrated him,” said Mr Wooder. “We talked about Michael Douglas's character and the disastrous path he takes, and my patient then realized that he needed to let go of his feelings more regularly so as not to erupt (爆发) like a time bomb.”
1. What can we learn about Bernie Wooder?A.He used to be an actor. | B.He likes to review different films. |
C.He is good at sharing his feelings. | D.He is in support of “film therapy”. |
A.She missed her brother. | B.She was moved by the film. |
C.She realized she had been cheated. | D.She thought of her sufferings. |
A.let go of his anger | B.stop his acts of violence |
C.forget those who hurt him | D.learn from Michael Douglas |
A.Film stars have problems too. |
B.Films can help unlock feelings. |
C.Watching films can help you relax. |
D.The public should pay more attention to films. |
【推荐1】People are always curious about researching the well-preserved masterpieces in Western history from the “Old Masters” such as Leonardo da Vinci, Caravaggio, and Sandro Botticelli. One incredible finding is that they all loved using a kind of unusual paint in their paintings.
To be exact, the artists would mix eggs into their paints to create a thing called “egg tempera (蛋彩)”. This technique dates back to ancient Egypt and can be found on many of the paintings from the Old Masters such as Boticelli’s “Birth of Venus”.
Scientists study the elements of their paintings and find that there are added proteins (蛋白质) to the works of art. The reason for that had eluded us for a long time until a new study was published Tuesday, which might tell us why.
To reach their findings, the study’s authors drew on analysis of Old Master paintings such as Boticelli’s “The Lamentations of Christ” and Da Vinci’s “Madonna of the Carnation” along with chemical data from lab-made egg tempera. They found that the egg proteins essentially created a thin protective cover around the paint with the oil in the eggs. This helped prevent it from wrinkling, discoloration while stopping it from yellowing over time by slowing down reactions between the air and oil in the paints.
The findings provide fresh insights into the craft of some of the greatest artists who have ever lived. It just goes to show that while Da Vinci and his fellows might be gone now, there are still plenty of artists that we can learn from their processes and artwork. As an old saying goes, you have to crack a few eggs if you want to make an omelet (煎蛋卷) — and, apparently, so does a masterpiece work of art.
1. What do the “Old Masters” have in common according to the text?A.They all kept their works well. | B.They shared the same painting style. |
C.They lived in the same history period. | D.They all used egg tempera in their paintings. |
A.Excited. | B.Embraced. | C.Confused. | D.Aided. |
A.To replace the expensive paints. | B.To present different shades of yellow. |
C.To form a cover to protect the paintings. | D.To stimulate the reaction between paints. |
A.Chemical Study of Eggs | B.Environmental Use of Eggs |
C.The Egg Wisdom of “Old Masters” | D.A New Way to Appreciate Western Art |
【推荐2】Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. Don’t get caught making an awkward mistake at a restaurant.
Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel (平行的) with the edge of the table in front of you. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them.
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. Mexicans consider it not right to eat with utensils, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chefs that you don’t like their seasoning skills. And in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. The more time you spend in any given country, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
1. Which behavior is acceptable when dining with a Mexican?A.Eating with your hands. | B.Eating with a utensil. |
C.Not touching the food with fingers. | D.Using forks to push food. |
A.Interesting. | B.Surprising. | C.Challenging. | D.Boring. |
A.A student to travel abroad. |
B.A researcher to do a report. |
C.A host to throw a family party. |
D.A guest to leave a good impression. |
【推荐3】Pycnandra acuminate (喜树) is a rare tree native to New Caledonia that has the rare ability to collect heavy metals like nickel (镍) from the ground. The liquid circulated in its body is blue-green and reportedly contains up to 25% nickel.
In general, trees and heavy metals like nickel don’t really go well together. But Pycnandra acuminata make them live together. And that’s what makes Pycnandra acuminata so special. It sucks out normally poisonous levels of heavy metals from the soil and store them in its trunk, leaves and seeds.
The evolution of Pycnandra acuminate is believed to have occurred over millions of years, but scientists have yet to identify a universal principle of nickel intake and storage. The reason why such trees have formed the way of absorbing metals is also up for debate.
The most popular theory states that the concentration of nickel protects such trees from leaf-chewing insects. And studies have shown that nickel accumulated by these trees indeed harms many insects though some have developed a high tolerance to it. Another theory says nickel has effects of resisting bacteria, which protects the trees from various diseases. However, these theories are all just theories.
One thing that has been proven is the ability of Pycnandra acurninata to clean the soil with poisonous materials caused by human activity. There’s also clear potential for collecting heavy materials like nickel in these kinds of soils that will bring a few profits by conventional ways of mining. People can collect minerals contained in such soils from the blue-green trees。
Unfortunately, Pycnandra acuminata is is recently in a bad situation. Human activity in forests of New Caledonia has made Pycnandra acuminata in danger. Consequently, probably fewer than several hundred trees of this kind have remained as a result of the reduction of our forests.
1. What do we know about Pycnandra acuminata?A.It has a blue-green color due to metals collected. |
B.It is able to collect some heavy metals from the ground. |
C.It sucks out a great deal of poisonous underground water. |
D.It tends to grow in the soil with plenty of poisonous liquid. |
A.It indeed protects many insects. |
B.It stores most nickel in its roots. |
C.It protects itself through the concentration of nickel. |
D.It makes its surrounding plants suffer from diseases. |
A.Pycnandra acuminata is in danger. |
B.Forests are to blame for the reduction of trees. |
C.Forests are decreasing as a result of human activity. |
D.Pycnandra acuminata is under the protection of people. |
A.Bacteria and disease. | B.Health and life. |
C.Fashion and entertainment. | D.Man and nature. |