1 . In the late 1930s, people could donate blood, but very few hospitals could store it for later use. Whole blood breaks down quickly, and there were no methods at the time for safely preserving it. As a result, hospitals often did not have the appropriate blood type when patients needed it. Charles Drew, a Black surgeon and researcher, helped solve this monumental problem for medicine, earning him the title “Father of the Blood Bank”.

In 1938, while obtaining his doctorate in medicine, Drew became a fellow at Columbia University’s Presbyterian Hospital in New York. He studied the storage and distribution of blood, including the separation of its components, and applied his findings to an experimental blood bank at the hospital.

As Drew was finishing his degree at Columbia, World War Ⅱ was erupting in Europe. Great Britain was asking the United States for desperately needed plasma (血浆) to help victims. Given his expertise, Drew was selected to be the medical director for the Blood for Britain campaign. Using Presbyterian Hospital’s blood bank as a model, Drew established uniform procedures for collecting blood and processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals, thus making the hospitals’ standards all the same. The five-month campaign collected donations from 15,000 Americans and was considered a success. His discoveries and his leadership saved countless lives.

With the increasing likelihood that the nation would be drawn into war, the United States wanted to capitalize on what Drew had learned from the campaign. The government appointed him as the assistant director of a three-month pilot program to mass-produce dried plasma in New York, which became the model for the first Red Cross blood bank. His innovations for this program included mobile blood donation stations, later called bloodmobiles.

2 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

5 . I always do voluntary work in the hospital. As a patient visitor, my important ______ is to deliver quality services to patients and families. By ______ companionship (陪伴) for patients in a sometimes ______ environment, I try my best to serve them and help to reduce the loneliness and frustration patients may feel after ______ in a hospital for weeks or even months.

Every Saturday afternoon for three to four hours, with a list of patients who ______ a patient visitor service, I head up to the 5th, 6th or 7th floor to first visit my priority (优先) patients. At the nurse’s station, I ______ ask the nurses or the medical staff about the condition of the patients in that unit and ______ that the patients would like a visitor. After receiving an update from the nurse, I gently ______ the door of the patients and enter with a friendly “Hello”. Then, I introduce myself and again politely ask if they would like a patient visitor. I usually try to prepare a few starting conversation ______ such as the current news, sports scores and fun facts. However, the patients usually engage (使加入) me first in an interesting conversation.

When volunteering as a patient visitor, I spent a lot of time communicating one-on-one with patients. Individual patients had individual needs and had extraordinary personal stories. ______,I found every visit ______. From generous and kind patients I have learned about their diseases and their course of ______. Additionally, I learned about literature, life during the Great Depression and wilderness of Northern Minnesota. On the whole, not only did I learn about the hospital settings and system, but I learned about the different ______ of others.

Many of the patients I have visited were truly inspiring and I always ______ them for their strength. Although their situations were somewhat difficult, they were often willing to share their stories of pain, suffering, hopes and optimism. I realize that I am truly grateful and ______ that they would share their personal stories with just a volunteer like me.

Chinese researchers     1    (develop) a robot designed to help doctors treat the new coronavirus (冠状病毒) and other highly contagious diseases so far. The machine has along robotic arm attached to a base with wheels. It can perform some of the same medical examination tasks     2    doctors. For example, the device can perform ultrasound, collect fluid samples from a person’s mouth and listen to sounds made by a patient’s organs.

Cameras record the robot’s activities, which     3    (control) remotely so doctors can avoid     4    (come) in close contact with infected patents. Doctors and other medical workers can operate the machine from a nearby room or much     5    (far) away.

The robot’s main     6    (design) is Zheng Gangtie, an engineer and professor at China’s Tsinghua University in Beijing. He told Reuters New’s Agency that he got     7    idea for the device around the tie of the Lunar New Year in January. At the time, the number of cases of the COVID-19 was rising quickly in the city of Wuhan. COVID-19 is the disease caused by the new coronavirus.

Zheng said a friend of his, the head of Beijing Tsinghua Chang gung Hospital told him that one of the biggest     8    (problem) in dealing with COVID-19 was     9    healthcare workers treating patients were getting infected themselves. Zheng said he wanted to do something to deal with this situation.

So the engineer gathered a team and went to work on the robotic device. Zheng said the team was able to convert two robotic arms. The new robot is almost     10    (complete) automated. It can even disinfect itself after performing actions involving contact with patients.

8 .

Read the directions of the medicine before you make your choices.

Adults (成人):            2 tablespoonfuls (汤匙) Children:                      according to age 10 ~ 14 years                  4 teaspoonfuls (茶匙) 6 ~ 10 years                    2 teaspoonfuls 3 ~ 6 years                      1 teaspoonful Repeat above dose (剂量) every 1/2 hour to 1 hour if needed until 8 doses are taken. If you do not get better within two days, see a doctor. Shake well before using.