1 . When London faced the Black Death in 1665, many people desperately sought a way to protect themselves and their loved ones from getting sick. One widely adopted method consisted of mixing two small cloves of garlic in a cup of fresh milk. People believed that drinking this drink in the morning on an empty stomach would prevent the feared disease.
Like those living through the hard time in London, many people searched for treatment that would keep viruses at bay, which is why the claims that garlic could help people spread on social media. The claims caused the World Health Organization to post tweets of warning.
Despite laboratory studies showing that garlic does have special substances, the idea of consuming garlic to prevent becoming infected with any bacteria or viruses is mostly folklore. The idea of garlic as a blanket cure has its foundation in medical folk wisdom, which is an umbrella term for unproven, widespread beliefs about anything to do with health and disease. It can involve herbal treatment, dietary recommendations and advice about following specific behaviors. It is often passed down by word of mouth through generations and may be one of the reasons myths( stories from ancient times) about the causes and cures of diseases continue to exist, despite the progress of medical science.
Medical folk wisdom, like other types of misinformation not backed by science, often spreads quickly on social media. When the UK went into lockdown, the Burns Centre at Birmingham Children’s Hospital saw a 30-fold-increase in the number of injuries. This was caused by folk statements on social media that misled parents into believing that breathing in steam could prevent or treat respiratory tract (呼吸道) disease.
Medical folk wisdom isn’t bad all the time, and nor is it likely to disappear anytime soon. What we need is to understand what makes people believe in it and to what extent it challenges beliefs in science. There seems to be a complex relationship between beliefs in medical folk wisdom and what people actually do to protect their health, which could be key to preventing its harmful effects. Therefore, we should think twice before adopting it. Lives may depend upon it.
1. What made the garlic welcome in the seventeenth century?| A．Its special taste. |
| B．Its low price. |
| C．Its medicinal quality. |
| D．Its ready availability. |
| A．It helps increase the advances in medicine. |
| B．It counts as much as medical science. |
| C．It includes some long-held beliefs and traditions. |
| D．It stands up well to science. |
| A．To highlight the role of social media in spreading misinformation. |
| B．To show unproven folk practices can do harm to public health. |
| C．To point out parents lack medical knowledge. |
| D．To remind us to clarify information online. |
| A．Try to prove its scientific nature. |
| B．Adopt it in our daily life. |
| C．Help remove it as soon as possible. |
| D．Make an evaluation before using it. |
2 . For years, doctors have given blood to patients who need it to survive. These transfusions usually include giving red blood cells to patients.
Blood transfusions aren’t as simple as taking blood from one person and giving it to someone else. There’re several different blood types that don’t all mix well. If someone gets a transfusion of the wrong kind of blood, their body will reject the blood cells, causing problems. For the first time ever, scientists from the University of Bristol, Britain, are carrying out a new trail: testing red blood cells grown in a laboratory on human volunteers. The scientists have used stem cells (干细胞) from a blood sample to grow billions of brand new red blood cells.
This could be even better than a regular blood transfusion. For one thing, they can be adjusted for people with different blood types. That’ll be extremely helpful for people with rare blood types. Also, a normal transfusion has red blood cells of all different ages, which means only a small part of them are brand new. The red blood cells grown in the lab are brand new, and this means they last longer and that patients will need fewer transfusions.
To test its safety, researchers have given a couple of teaspoons of the blood to two healthy people, both of whom seem to be doing just fine after the transfusions. In all, they’ll be tested on 10 people, and compared to normal transfusions. The new process doesn’t indicate that normal blood transfusions will disappear. Meanwhile, growing red blood cells in a lab is extremely expensive. And a lot of work and testing still need to be done. But if it’s successful, the process could make life much easier for patients who often need transfusions—even those with rare blood types.
1. Why are the scientists carrying out the research?| A．The blood reserve is not adequate. |
| B．Normal blood transfusions are out of date. |
| C．More and more people need blood transfusions. |
| D．They want to find a new trail of blood transfusions. |
| A．They suit the patients of all different ages. |
| B．They have red blood cells from different races. |
| C．They are effective to the patients for a longer term. |
| D．It is extremely economical and makes life much easier. |
| A．The research still has a long way to go. |
| B．Normal blood transfusions will disappear soon. |
| C．Ten people have received the lab-grown brand new blood. |
| D．The brand new blood isn’t fit for those with rare blood types. |
| A．The test of lab-grown blood. | B．Comparison of two blood transfusions. |
| C．An appeal for rare blood donation. | D．The expense of blood transfusions. |
| Dr. Peter King South Quay Medical Centre Dr. Vicky Ho |
| ●Morning: 8：30-11：30 Afternoon: 14：00-18：00 ●We are closed on Saturdays, Sundays and Thursday afternoons. ●Outside our working hours, call Sydney Out of Hours Medical Services on 023994 for medical advice. ●Late-night pharmacies (药房) are also available—visit www.sydneylatenightpharmacies.com ●In a medical emergency (紧急情况), call 023993. |
| Appointments ●Appointments made in advance. ●Same-day appointments. Call 023881 by 8：30 as there are only a few available. ●Emergency appointments If you cannot keep an appointment, please let us know so that we can offer it to another patient. For more information, call the front desk on 023885. |
| A．Two and a half. | B．Three. |
| C．Four and a half. | D．Two |
| A．She has to visit www.sydneylatenightpharmacies.com. |
| B．She has to call 023881 by 8：30. |
| C．She has to email Dr. Peter King or Dr. Vicky Ho. |
| D．She has to call 023993. |
| A．It provides two kinds of appointments. |
| B．You can call 023993 in a medical emergency. |
| C．You can’t get help outside the working hours. |
| D．You can call 023881 in a medical emergency. |
4 . A lot of us think that we should visit the dentist every six months. Whether those check-ups are really necessary is, however, a matter of debate. In 2000, three-quarters of dentists surveyed in New York were recommending six-monthly check-ups, despite the absence of evidence. Today, many organizations still recommend six-monthly check-ups. But for several decades some have been arguing that the choice of six months as the ideal space between visits is rather questionable. For example, Aubrey Sheiham, a professor of dental public health, published a paper complaining about the lack of evidence for six-monthly check-ups. Almost 40 years, he’s still making the same point.
Last year the Cochrane Collaboration performed a review of the research that had been done and they were disappointed with what they found. The quality and quantity of the research was simply too poor to back up the idea of six-monthly check-ups.
There’s something else we have to bear in mind. Even when a study finds, for example, that children who go to the dentist frequently have fewer fillings (填充物), there may be other factors (因素) at work. Those same children may have other advantages; they may eat more healthily and have better quality dental equipment.
How often should you visit the dentist, then? Bodies like Nice, which provides guidance for the National Health Service in England and Wales, say that the frequency of dental visits all depends on the individual. They recommend that children go at least once a year because their teeth can decay (蛀蚀) faster, while adults without problems can wait as long as two years. They even go as far as to say that longer than two years is OK for people who have shown commitment to caring for their teeth.
Where does this leave the rest of us the next time we receive a card in the mail reminding us our next dental visit is due? We’d all like an excuse to go less often, and the good news is that if you don’t have any problems you can probably wait a little longer than six months between visits. But exactly how long you can wait before your appointment with the dentist’s chair will depend on the assessment you and your dentist make of your own risk.
1. Who supports six-monthly dental check-ups?| A．All the dentists. |
| B．Many organizations. |
| C．Aubrey Sheiham. |
| D．The National Health Service. |
| A．people often find excuses to avoid the next dental visit |
| B．people should decide when to go to the dentist by themselves |
| C．the frequency of dental visits varies for different people |
| D．the healthier a person is, the less frequent the dental visits are |
| A．the researchers are not qualified |
| B．the number of the subjects was big |
| C．there was a lack of quality dental equipment |
| D．there might be other factors at work |
| A．How Often Do We Need to Visit Our Dentist? |
| B．Why Do We Need to Visit Our Dentist? |
| C．Who Should Go to the Dentist Frequently? |
| D．How Can We Go to the Dentist Less? |
5 . HOLLAND & BARRETT
Valerian capsules(缬草胶囊)
A traditional herbal medicinal product used for the temporary relief of symptoms of mild anxiety and to aid sleep. This is based on traditional use only.
Active Ingredients:
Each capsule contains 337mg of extract (as dry extract) from Valerian root (Valerian officinalis L) (equivalent to 1683mg-2020mg of Valerian root).
Dosage（剂量）:
For oral use only.
For adults and elderly:
Mild anxiety — Take 1 capsule 3 times daily.
To aid sleep — Take 1 capsule 30 minutes to 1 hour before bedtime with an earlier dose during the evening if necessary.
Swallow the capsule with water. As the effects of this product may not occur immediately, the capsule should be taken continuously for 2-4 weeks.
The maximum dose is 4 capsules per day.
Duration of use: If symptoms worsen or do not improve after 4 weeks, a doctor or a qualified healthcare practitioner should be consulted.
Warnings:
Do not exceed (超过) the stated dose.
Do not take this product if you are:
Under 18 years of age
Pregnant or breastfeeding
Allergic to Valerian or any of the excipients (辅药)in this product
Already taking a medicine for sleep or anxiety
Storage: Store the capsules below 25℃.
Keep the bottle tightly closed.
Keep out of sight and reach of children.
Registration Holder: NBTY Europe Limited, Samuel Ryder House, Barling Way, Nuneaton, Warwickshire, CV10 7RH, United Kingdom
1. What people is this product especially suitable for?| A．All kinds of people. | B．Children having mild anxiety. |
| C．People suffering from severe anxiety. | D．Old people having sleep problems. |
| A．1. | B．2. |
| C．3. | D．4. |
| A．4 weeks. | B．Half a month. |
| C．1 hour. | D．30 minutes. |
6 . About aspirin(阿司匹林)
Aspirin is a commonly used drug which can be taken to relieve discomfort caused by numerous medical problems including headaches, toothache, inflammation and infections. It is also suitable to treat colds and flu-like symptoms, and to reduce a high temperature.
Who can take aspirin?
Adults and children over 16 years of age.
Who should not take aspirin?
﹡Women who are pregnant, or plan to become pregnant. Aspirin may harm your unborn baby.
﹡Women who are breast-feeding. Aspirin can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.
﹡People who have any problems with the way the liver works or with the way the kidneys work.
How to take aspirin:
Take aspirin after meals, with a full glass of water or milk.
﹡The recommended dose(剂量) ranges from two to three tablets at a time. Never take more than 4g (12 tablets) in any 24-hour period.
﹡You must not take these tablets with any other medicine which contains any aspirin or painkiller.
How to store aspirin:
﹡Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.
﹡Store aspirin in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.
﹡Do not put aspirin in the bathroom because the dampness there can cause it to lose its effectiveness.
﹡Throw away aspirin that smells strongly of vinegar.
Possible side effects:
﹡Feeling sick, increased risk of bleeding, stomach pain, indigestion and heartburn are common. If these effects continue, contact your doctor.
﹡Ringing in the ears, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and mental confusion are rare. If these occur, stop taking the drug and contact your doctor for further advice.
1. In which case will you take aspirin according to the text?| A．Stomachache. | B．Fever. |
| C．Breathlessness. | D．Nosebleed. |
| A．6. | B．4. |
| C．5. | D．3. |
| A．An announcement. | B．A medical report. |
| C．An official guide. | D．Medical instructions. |
7 . I first began experiencing anxiety and depression at age 14 after being bullied at school for years. While at first anxiety and depression would come and go, it eventually became constant part of my life.
I was so set on finding the solution to overcoming it that I tried everything from which I was in college to graduate school: mood-changing medication, special teas, yoga, think I read about in books, and advice given by doctors. Despite this, I still felt I hadn’t even come close to managing the problem.
But one afternoon, I spotted an article in a magazine talking about how dogs were all to help people with anxiety and depression. The next day, I managed to get a dog — corgi (柯基犬).
However, once the “puppy excitement” went away, my anxiety and depression came back as usual. One morning, I woke up with those familiar feelings again. I didn’t want to get out of bed. I turned to pull the covers back over my head and give up. That’s when I saw my pet—Buddy.
Buddy started jumping all over me, licking (舔) my face, and letting me know that it was time to go outside. It was as if he were saying, “There’s no time to be sad! The world is amazing!” And for the first time in my life, on a day when my anxiety and depression were strong, I got out of bed. I put on my winter clothes and went for a walk in the snow with my new friend. I realized at that moment, walking down the street in winter , my life was changing. I really was a new girl.
Sure, I still have days when I feel down or anxious. But with Buddy by my side, I’ve finally learned how to manage these feelings and emotions.
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?| A．The author recovered a little by doing yoga. |
| B．The author was a school bully (仗势欺人者) for years. |
| C．The author began to have mental problems after college. |
| D．The problem-solving ways the author tried didn’t work. |
| A．A doctor recommended it to her. |
| B．She read it in an article by chance. |
| C．She found it out herself after keeping a corgi. |
| D．She heard it from some other depression sufferers. |
| A．Optimistic. | B．Anxious. | C．Confused. | D．Doubtful. |
| A．Pet Dogs Can Be the Best Cure |
| B．Keeping a Dog Benefits Us a Lot |
| C．Anxiety and Depression Is Dangerous |
| D．Different Ways to Get Rid of Bad Feelings |
Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all
However, the new research has caused a lot of argument. Supporters say bad memories may ruin people’s lives. They come back
1. The writer thinks that_____.
| A．health is more important than wealth |
| B．work is as important as studies |
| C．medicine is more important than pleasure |
| D．nothing is more important than money |
| A．without examining the patient |
| B．after he has examined the patient |
| C．if the patient doesn’t take medicine |
| D．unless the patient feels pain |
| A．was a heavy smoker | B．didn’t smoke so much |
| C．didn’t smoke | D．began to learn to smoke |
| A．The doctor usually tests his/her blood pressure when a person is ill. |
| B．The man told the doctor he couldn’t remember things. |
| C．The man thanked the doctor. |
| D．The man didn’t follow the doctor’s advice. |
