1 . In the late 1930s, people could donate blood, but very few hospitals could store it for later use. Whole blood breaks down quickly, and there were no methods at the time for safely preserving it. As a result, hospitals often did not have the appropriate blood type when patients needed it. Charles Drew, a Black surgeon and researcher, helped solve this monumental problem for medicine, earning him the title “Father of the Blood Bank”.

In 1938, while obtaining his doctorate in medicine, Drew became a fellow at Columbia University’s Presbyterian Hospital in New York. He studied the storage and distribution of blood, including the separation of its components, and applied his findings to an experimental blood bank at the hospital.

As Drew was finishing his degree at Columbia, World War Ⅱ was erupting in Europe. Great Britain was asking the United States for desperately needed plasma (血浆) to help victims. Given his expertise, Drew was selected to be the medical director for the Blood for Britain campaign. Using Presbyterian Hospital’s blood bank as a model, Drew established uniform procedures for collecting blood and processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals, thus making the hospitals’ standards all the same. The five-month campaign collected donations from 15,000 Americans and was considered a success. His discoveries and his leadership saved countless lives.

With the increasing likelihood that the nation would be drawn into war, the United States wanted to capitalize on what Drew had learned from the campaign. The government appointed him as the assistant director of a three-month pilot program to mass-produce dried plasma in New York, which became the model for the first Red Cross blood bank. His innovations for this program included mobile blood donation stations, later called bloodmobiles.

1. What problem did hospitals face in the late 1930s regarding blood donations?

A．The shortage of blood donors.	B．The inability to preserve blood.
C．The challenge of blood infection.	D．The failure to identify blood types.

2. What does the underlined word “uniform” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Legal.

B．Varied.

C．Acceptable.

D．Identical.

3. How did Drew contribute to the pilot-program in New York?

A．He aided in producing the dried plasma in quantities.

B．He established the first Red Cross blood bank.

C．He reduced the possibility of the war.

D．He made bloodmobiles easy to access to donors.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．The Life of Dr. Charles Drew	B．The Inventor of the Blood Bank
C．A Savior of Lives During Wartime	D．A Pioneer in Blood Transportation

2 . What’s wrong with the man’s mother?

A．She has a poor diet.

B．She has high blood pressure.

C．She has high blood sugar.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chinese researchers     1    (develop) a robot designed to help doctors treat the new coronavirus (冠状病毒) and other highly contagious diseases so far. The machine has along robotic arm attached to a base with wheels. It can perform some of the same medical examination tasks     2    doctors. For example, the device can perform ultrasound, collect fluid samples from a person’s mouth and listen to sounds made by a patient’s organs.

Cameras record the robot’s activities, which     3    (control) remotely so doctors can avoid     4    (come) in close contact with infected patents. Doctors and other medical workers can operate the machine from a nearby room or much     5    (far) away.

The robot’s main     6    (design) is Zheng Gangtie, an engineer and professor at China’s Tsinghua University in Beijing. He told Reuters New’s Agency that he got     7    idea for the device around the tie of the Lunar New Year in January. At the time, the number of cases of the COVID-19 was rising quickly in the city of Wuhan. COVID-19 is the disease caused by the new coronavirus.

Zheng said a friend of his, the head of Beijing Tsinghua Chang gung Hospital told him that one of the biggest     8    (problem) in dealing with COVID-19 was     9    healthcare workers treating patients were getting infected themselves. Zheng said he wanted to do something to deal with this situation.

So the engineer gathered a team and went to work on the robotic device. Zheng said the team was able to convert two robotic arms. The new robot is almost     10    (complete) automated. It can even disinfect itself after performing actions involving contact with patients.

5 .

Read the directions of the medicine before you make your choices.

Adults (成人):            2 tablespoonfuls (汤匙) Children:                      according to age 10 ~ 14 years                  4 teaspoonfuls (茶匙) 6 ~ 10 years                    2 teaspoonfuls 3 ~ 6 years                      1 teaspoonful Repeat above dose (剂量) every 1/2 hour to 1 hour if needed until 8 doses are taken. If you do not get better within two days, see a doctor. Shake well before using.

1. According to the directions, what should you do before taking this medicine?

A．Heat it on the fire.

B．Move the bottle quickly up and down.

C．Add some hot water to it.

D．Go and ask the doctor’s advice.

2. For whom would a dose of two teaspoonfuls be suggested?

A．A grown-up.	B．A 10-to-14-year-old child.
C．A 6-to-10-year-old child	D．A 3-to-6-year-old child.

3. According to the directions, how are children’s doses decided?

A．By seeing a doctor.	B．By the weight of the child.
C．By the time of day.	D．By the age of the child.

4. What should you do if the medicine doesn’t work?

A．Change it for some better medicine.	B．See a doctor.
C．Stop taking it.	D．Take more.

6 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Lin Qiaozhi’s principle of putting others first carried her     1     a life of hard choices.

When young, deeply hit by her mother’s death, Lin Qiaozhi chose to study medicine regardless of the tradition of early     2     (marry)and her brother’s complaint about high fees. After graduation, she immediately became the first woman     3     (hire)as a resident physician and later was sent abroad to further her studies. When offered a chance to stay in the US, she rejected     4     and returned to serve the women and children at home.     5     (fortunately), the outbreak of the war forced her to leave the position of a medical department.     6     (drive)by great compassion(同情), she soon opened a private clinic,     7     she treated the poor patients at a low charge.

After the foundation of People’s Republic of China, she held many important     8     (position)for decades,     9    her heart was still on medical cause, tending patients, publishing medical research and training new staff.

Lin Qiaozhi, having delivered over 5,000 babies,     10     (honor)as “mother of ten thousand babies” although she stayed single all her life. She well deserved the title “China’s Nightingale”.

7 . James Harrison, who was entitled “The Man with the Golden Arm”, has donated blood almost every week, saving more than two million babies in the process.

Harrison told CNN, an American channel, about why he chooses to donate, even though it’s not the most pleasurable experience: “Never once have I watched the needle go in my arm. I can’t stand the sight of blood, and I can’t stand the pain.”

An amazingly unique antibody (抗体) in Harrison’s blood makes it a true lifesaver for babies who could be affected by rhesus disease.

The condition occurs during some pregnanicies, when a woman who has rhesus-negative blood produces antibodies that destroy her babies’ cells. This can happen when the baby has the same rhesus-positive blood as the father. Rhesus disease can cause health issues in babies. It can even result in death.

Harrison’s blood helped physicians develop an injection called Anti-D in the 1960s, which prevents women who have rhesus-negative blood from developing the harmful antibodies while pregnant. After Harrison completes one of his routine donations, his blood can be used to create more vaccines (疫苗).

“I started donating in 1955, two days after I turned 18,” Harrison said when he completed his 1,075th donation.

As CNN reported, every Anti-D vaccine created in Australia has something to do with a donation from Harrison, who holds the record for the most blood donations in Australia.

“A number of mothers have come up to me and said, ‘Thank you very much for what you’ve done because I now have one, two, three health y children.’” Harrison said.

Harrison’s own daughter, Tracey Mellowship, had been one of the 17 percent of women who need Anti-D during their pregnancy. The injection helped guarantee her second son would be born healthy.

“Dad had always donated — we knew that,” Mellowship said. “But it didn’t hit home until I was pregnant and knew the consequences.”

1. From the first two paragraphs we can infer that Harrison is ______.

A．humorous and smart	B．optimistic but weak
C．friendly but nervous	D．brave and unselfish

2. Babies who are affected by rhesus disease ______.

A．grow problematic cells	B．can’t form blood themselves
C．develop the disease after being born	D．have the same blood type as their mothers

3. Harrison’s blood can ______.

A．help patients develop Anti-D	B．cure rhesus disease affected babies
C．avoid the risk of rhesus disease	D．stop babies from producing antibodies

4. Before Mellowship was injected Anti-D, her family didn’t ______.

A．understand the meaning of Harrison’s act

B．expect she would have another healthy son

C．know Harrison held a record for donating blood

D．realize the high rate of potential rhesus disease

9 . For years, doctors have given blood to patients who need it to survive. These transfusions usually include giving red blood cells to patients.

Blood transfusions aren’t as simple as taking blood from one person and giving it to someone else. There’re several different blood types that don’t all mix well. If someone gets a transfusion of the wrong kind of blood, their body will reject the blood cells, causing problems. For the first time ever, scientists from the University of Bristol, Britain, are carrying out a new trail: testing red blood cells grown in a laboratory on human volunteers. The scientists have used stem cells (干细胞) from a blood sample to grow billions of brand new red blood cells.

This could be even better than a regular blood transfusion. For one thing, they can be adjusted for people with different blood types. That’ll be extremely helpful for people with rare blood types. Also, a normal transfusion has red blood cells of all different ages, which means only a small part of them are brand new. The red blood cells grown in the lab are brand new, and this means they last longer and that patients will need fewer transfusions.

To test its safety, researchers have given a couple of teaspoons of the blood to two healthy people, both of whom seem to be doing just fine after the transfusions. In all, they’ll be tested on 10 people, and compared to normal transfusions. The new process doesn’t indicate that normal blood transfusions will disappear. Meanwhile, growing red blood cells in a lab is extremely expensive. And a lot of work and testing still need to be done. But if it’s successful, the process could make life much easier for patients who often need transfusions—even those with rare blood types.

1. Why are the scientists carrying out the research?

A．The blood reserve is not adequate.

B．Normal blood transfusions are out of date.

C．More and more people need blood transfusions.

D．They want to find a new trail of blood transfusions.

2. What’s the advantages of the brand new red blood cells grown in the lab?

A．They suit the patients of all different ages.

B．They have red blood cells from different races.

C．They are effective to the patients for a longer term.

D．It is extremely economical and makes life much easier.

3. Which of the following statements is true?

A．The research still has a long way to go.

B．Normal blood transfusions will disappear soon.

C．Ten people have received the lab-grown brand new blood.

D．The brand new blood isn’t fit for those with rare blood types.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．The test of lab-grown blood.	B．Comparison of two blood transfusions.
C．An appeal for rare blood donation.	D．The expense of blood transfusions.