1 . Anyone who has felt a moment of joy when a favorite song comes on the radio at just the right moment or cried along with a singer expressing heartache will understand the emotional power of music. Now, a growing body of scientific evidence demonstrates that music can be
In a review of 400 research papers looking into the
One 2007 study from a team of Spanish researchers found that listening to music
Music can have a huge effect on helping sick
“When children are in the hospital, their worlds get much
The parents also become part of the therapeutic process. “What’s really lovely is when you go in and you start to make music, and the children invite their parents to join,” she says. “There is this beautiful
Finding those
| A．research | B．medicine | C．emotion | D．stress |
| A．effects | B．causes | C．factors | D．themes |
| A．benefits | B．problems | C．influences | D．profits |
| A．after | B．during | C．without | D．before |
| A．operation | B．participation | C．recovery | D．therapy |
| A．musicians | B．students | C．patients | D．researchers |
| A．males | B．females | C．adults | D．children |
| A．humor | B．duty | C．control | D．loss |
| A．wider | B．smaller | C．freer | D．deeper |
| A．speaking | B．singing | C．sticking | D．smiling |
| A．conversation | B．distinction | C．cooperation | D．interaction |
| A．step back | B．join in | C．turn away | D．hold on |
| A．puzzling | B．meaningful | C．ridiculous | D．disappointing |
| A．forget | B．refuse | C．change | D．access |
| A．medical | B．digital | C．musical | D．practical |
2 . During the Second World War, Dr. William Walsh served on a U.S. Navy ship in the South Pacific. While serving there, Walsh observed the poor health conditions in which the people of the South Pacific lived.
After the war ended in 1945, Walsh founded an organization called Project Hope. Its goal was to bring health education and care to people in poor countries around the world. In 1958, Walsh convinced U.S. President Eisenhower to allow Project Hope to rent a U.S. Navy hospital ship for just one dollar a year. Many companies and ordinary people donated money to Project Hope. The organization used the funds to turn the navy ship into a civilian hospital ship called the SS Hope.
During the next 14 years, the SS Hope traveled to every region of the world. Wherever it went, it provided health care for needy people and helped poor countries establish their own health care systems. In 1974, the SS Hope was retired from service, and Project Hope began to provide health care on land instead.
The story of the SS Hope inspired Don and Deyon Stephens to buy a passenger ship in 1978 and transform it into another hospital ship. Since then, their organization, called Mercy Ships, has sent ships equipped with medical supplies and hospital beds around the world. Doctors volunteer to travel on these vessels or ships and perform free surgeries on people who need them. They can correct people’s vision, straighten bent limbs, remove facial tumors (肿块) and more. Mercy Ships also provides medical equipment for local health clinics and builds medical facilities. In addition, it teaches local people how to farm their land more effectively and more sustainably.
1. What happened to the SS Hope in 1974?| A．It sank unexpectedly. |
| B．It was fully repaired. |
| C．It launched new services. |
| D．It ceased operations. |
| A．An entertainer in America. |
| B．Two American accountants. |
| C．An America’s top politician. |
| D．Smart American investors. |
| A．They put physicians and nurses at risk. |
| B．They’re done at no charge to patients. |
| C．They mainly benefit wealthy individuals. |
| D．They’ve resulted in serious infections. |
| A．Make a good living from tourism. |
| B．Grow crops with greater success. |
| C．Manufacture popular electronics. |
| D．Establish education institutions. |
Call a Physical Therapist
You get up from the sofa and - ow! Back pain takes your breath away. Do you reach for the pain pills? No! Call a physical therapist instead!
More and more, physical therapy, or PT, is a common go-to for treating aches and pains. A physical therapist can treat almost any injury to give a patient a better quality of life. When it comes to treatment, one size does not fit all. A physical therapist personalizes a treatment plan based on their observations and the patient’s concerns. The goal is to help injured or ill people improve movement and manage pain, so they can live life to the fullest. These therapists work with patients who suffer from back or neck injuries. They help people recover from broken bones and surgeries as well as work- or sports-related injuries. Physical therapists also teach people how to stay in shape and prevent further injuries. Their hands-on (动手的) therapy includes strengthening or stretching exercises, ice or heat and more.
No one can become a physical therapist without getting a doctor of physical therapy degree. After completing it, a person must pass a professional license exam before beginning to practice. Further, being a physical therapist can be mentally and physically draining because of the hands-on, personalized patient care required. A successful physical therapist needs to have great communication skills and an eye for detail. They should also be creative problem solvers as well as resourceful.
For those looking for a satisfying career, PT is one to consider. The demand for the profession is growing faster than that of many other careers. Private clinics and hospitals hire physical therapists. Sports facilities and professional sports teams also employ them. Therapists may work in skilled nursing facilities or visit patients in their own homes. If someone wants to see the world, they may want to become a travel physical therapist.
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4 . Acupuncture(针灸), an ancient Chinese medical practice, has been the remedy for countless patients for thousands of years. Before modern medicine came to life, ancient Chinese used stone tools to
Acupuncture is a treatment that aims to
Practices can
Looking beyond China, acupuncture has become a global
As an ancient Chinese medical
| A．relieve | B．resume | C．release | D．rebel |
| A．radically | B．gradually | C．reluctantly | D．randomly |
| A．cultivated | B．evaluated | C．shaped | D．eliminated |
| A．promote | B．reflect | C．alternate | D．perform |
| A．occasional | B．philosophical | C．considerable | D．mechanical |
| A．arise | B．heal | C．vary | D．survive |
| A．taken over | B．ended up | C．figured out | D．carried out |
| A．or | B．and | C．while | D．with |
| A．block | B．generate | C．motivate | D．channel |
| A．terrify | B．stimulate | C．reserve | D．restore |
| A．willingness | B．instinct | C．potential | D．nutrient |
| A．liberty | B．therapy | C．curiosity | D．wonderland |
| A．proportion | B．alternative | C．procedure | D．affection |
| A．illustrating | B．predicting | C．featuring | D．nominating |
| A．assessment | B．occupation | C．practice | D．obedience |
5 . Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman, who together identified a slight chemical change to messenger RNA,were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine this year.
Dr. Karikó, the 13th woman to win the prize, had come to the United States from Hungary two decades earlier when her research program there ran out of money. She was preoccupied by mRNA, which provides instructions to cells to make proteins. Defying the decades old belief that mRNA was clinically unusable, she hold the view that it would stimulate medical innovations.
She and Dr. Weissman had their first chance meeting over a copy machine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1998. At the time, Dr. Weissman was desperate for new approaches to a vaccine (疫苗) against HLV, which bad long proved impossible to defend against. A physician who had tried and failed for years to develop a treatment for AIDS, he wondered if he and Dr. Karikó could team up to make an HIV. vaccine.
For years, they were at a loss. Mice vaccinated with mRNA became inactive. Countless experiments failed. They wandered down one dead end after another, But eventually, the scientists discovered that cells protect their own mRNA with a specific chemical modification (修饰). So they tried making the same change to mRNA manufactured in the lab before vaccinating it into cells It worked.
At first, other scientists were largely uninterested in taking up that new approach to vaccination. But two biotech companies soon took notice: Moderna, in the United States, and BioNTech, in Germany. Then the coronavirus emerged. Almost instantly, Drs. Karikó and Weissman’s work came together with several factors of different research to put vaccine makers ahead of the game in developing shot.
Brian Ferguson, an immunologist at the University of Cambridge, said. “The work of Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman in the years prior to 2020 prevented tens of millions of deaths and helped the world recover from the worst pandemic in a century. They richly deserve this recognition.”
1. The underlined word “defying” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “ ”.| A．challenging | B．confirming | C．re-emphasizing | D．stating |
| A．They teamed up for the treatment for AIDS in Hungary. |
| B．They protected their mRNA with a chemical modification. |
| C．They persevered until they made a change to lab-made mRNA. |
| D．They manufactured mRNA in mice despite their countless failures. |
| A．they took no notice of others’ ignorance |
| B．they caught attention of two biotech companies |
| C．their work helped avoid the loss of countless lives |
| D．their work prevented the outbreak of the pandemic |
| A．Chemical Changes Identified in the Pandemic |
| B．Approaches Adopted to Defend Against HLV |
| C．Nobel Prize Awarded to Covid Vaccine Pioneers |
| D．mRNA Manufactured in a University Lab in USA |
6 . Most people would be
But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in which health care is organized and financed.
But even with this
The basic problem,
Two thirds of the population are
The rising cost of medicine in the USA is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the country’s health bill climbed 15.9 per cent-about twice as fast as prices in general.
1.| A．depressed | B．impressed | C．frightened | D．pleased |
| A．money | B．energy | C．attention | D．information |
| A．advanced | B．absorbed | C．old | D．attractive |
| A．treat | B．deal | C．meet | D．handle |
| A．Contrary to | B．According to | C．Compared with | D．Based on |
| A．public | B．medical | C．private | D．financial |
| A．looking for | B．looking into | C．looking after | D．looking over |
| A．profitable | B．little | C．huge | D．worthless |
| A．over | B．out | C．off | D．away |
| A．manage | B．bound | C．decide | D．fail |
| A．however | B．still | C．therefore | D．besides |
| A．for | B．over | C．of | D．in |
| A．need | B．doubt | C．limit | D．use |
| A．charged | B．covered | C．influenced | D．attracted |
| A．pay | B．take | C．send | D．charge |
7 . Ellen Weiss can hardly see David Schmitt can barely hear. Are they typical victims of aging's cruelest blows? Not really. Weiss is actually a fresh resident doctor in family practice, age 30, and Schmitt a medical student, 26. They have been assigned roles, ages and particular illnesses as an innovative part of their medical training.
Introduced in only a few medical centers so far, such role playing is designed to expose doctors to the pains endured by the patients. It is just one of several techniques being tried at medical schools and hospitals in an attempt to deal with the most universal complaint about doctors: lack of sympathy. “Residents are usually young and healthy.” says Dr. Stephen Brunton. “They've not really had a chance to understand what patients go through.”
Role-playing programs give them a crash course. At Hunterdon, students' faces are instantly aged with cornflour and make up. Next the disabilities are laid on: gloves cripple fingers, and peas inside shoes prevent walking. Then the ersatz invalids are asked to perform common tasks: purchasing medication at the drugstore, undressing for x rays, fling out a Medicare form and, most awkward, using the bathroom themselves.
At Long Beach, new residents assume made-up illnesses and cheek into the hospital for an overnight stay, The staff treats them as they would any other patient, even sending them a bill. The entire entering class of medical students at the Uniformed Services University of the Heath Sciences are issued bedpans and told to use them. Some are even subjected to an indignity: spending most part of the first day of school as people with disabilities.
Instant patients usually start out activated and joking. “But by the end of a few hours, most say, ‘I'm exhausted.’” observes nurse Linda Bryant at Hunterdon. Schmitt discovered that “a major accomplishment was doing up my collar.” And, to his surprise, “I wound up hating physicians who didn't realize how much medication would cost and how hard it was to go and pick it up.” Weiss also learnt: “I realized how little I talk to patients. I might ask them about chest pains but not ‘Can you get dressed, eat O. K, take your medicine?” Jeffroy Ortiz thought he was in for a quiet rest when he was sent to the intensive care unit, suffering from “chest pains.” Instead he spent a sleepless night: “People were coming in to do labs, the man in the next bed was groaning, and the heart monitor was bleeping, which was noisy and scary.”
Any patient could have told him so, but many educators believe the direct experience of such miseries will leave an enduring sense of sympathy. Doctors have long defended taking a cool, dispassionate approach to patient care, arguing that it helps preserve objective judgment and protect against burnout. But critics disagree. “By concentrating on symptoms and lab data, we ignore a wealth of information that can affect patients' well - being.” observes Dr. Simon Auster at the Uniformed Services medical school.
1. According to the passage, the role-playing programme is designed ________.| A．as an innovative part in the local community |
| B．as part of the play the residents have to watch |
| C．to help doctors understand the pains endured by the patients |
| D．to expose students to school facilities in a vivid way |
| A．Local patients who usually start out activated and joking. |
| B．Students who make up their faces to look aged. |
| C．Doctors who perform common tasks that may not occur in real hospitals. |
| D．Customers who purchase medications and undress for X rays with the help of students. |
| A．fill in a Medicare table | B．are using the washroom on their own |
| C．are issued bedpans and told to try them | D．meet with someone they know well |
| A．Residents should always take a cool approach without sympathy to patient care in their job. |
| B．Doctors ought to be completely independent from the symptoms and be previous lab data. |
| C．Doctors may ignore information influencing the patients' health only by focusing on symptoms. |
| D．Experience in role-playing programs won't help the new doctors preserve objective judgment. |
