1 . Are you pessimistic by nature? Well, it’s not good for your brain. A new study has found that repeated negative thinking in later life is linked to cognitive(认知) decline and greater deposits(沉积) of two harmful proteins responsible for Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔茨海默病).
Negative thinking behaviors, such as reflection about the past and worry about the future, were measured in more than 350 people over the age of 55 over a two-year period. About a third of the participants also had a brain scan to measure deposits of proteins, which cause Alzheimer’s disease. The scans showed that people who spent more time thinking negatively had more harmful proteins, worse memory and greater cognitive decline than people who were not pessimists.
The study also tested for levels of anxiety and depression and found greater cognitive decline in depressed and anxious people, which agrees with previous research. But proteins did not increase in people who were already depressed and anxious, leading researchers to suspect that repeated negative thinking might be the main reason why depression and anxiety lead to Alzheimer’s disease.
“This is the first study showing a biological relationship between repeated negative thinking and Alzheimer’s disease, and gives physicians a more precise way to assess risk and offer treatment,” said neurologist Dr. Richard Isaacson. “This study will change the way I care for my patients at risk.”
Fiona Carragher, who is chief policy and research officer at the Alzheimer’s Society in London, pointed out that this isn’t saying that a short-term period of negative thinking will cause Alzheimer’s disease. “Most of the people in the study were already identified as being at higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease,” she added. “so we need more research to see if these results exist within the general population.”
1. What does the study show?A.Negative thinking removes harmful proteins in brain. |
B.Optimistic people have better cognitive ability. |
C.Alzheimer’s disease leads to worse memory. |
D.Continuous pessimism may result in Alzheimer’s disease. |
A.Constant negative thinking may cause depressed people to get Alzheimer’s disease. |
B.Long-term negative thinking is the reason for cognitive decline. |
C.Alzheimer’s disease probably results in the increase in harmful proteins. |
D.Anxiety and depression are the main causes of Alzheimer’s disease. |
A.Neutral. | B.Supportive. |
C.Negative. | D.Uncaring. |
A.The research needs to be further improved. |
B.The study will provide a cure for Alzheimer’s disease. |
C.The following research will focus on short-term negative thinking. |
D.The general population has a lower risk of having Alzheimer’s disease. |
1. 表示关心和同情;
2. 提出合理化建议;
3. 表达愿望和祝福。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
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Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
3 . Elderly people have a higher chance of suffering from illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. One common health problem that affects them is Alzheimer’s disease, which affects a person’s memory, behavior, and thinking. Because of memory loss and behavioral changes, people with Alzheimer’s may slowly become unable to take care of themselves, eventually requiring constant care from family members or caregivers.
There is no cure for Alzheimer’s at the moment—drugs can only treat its symptoms.
But technology can improve the lives of those living with the condition by making it easier for them to go about their daily activities. For example, tracking devices placed in watches or jewelry can monitor where a person is. Automated reminders can also be stored in motion sensors and placed around the house. When a sensor detects movement, it can play a recorded voice message to remind the person to lock the door or turn off the stove.
Alzheimer’s disease is a huge challenge, but we may be getting close to finding a solution. In the future, it might be possible to treat Alzheimer’s without using drugs. A team of researchers in Australia has created a form of technology that can send sound waves into the brain. These sound waves help to clear waste in the brain that contributes to Alzheimer’s. The team has tested their technology and found that it helped to restore memory in 75 percent of mice. Work on the technology isn’t complete, but, if successful, it could prevent memory loss in people with Alzheimer’s. This really does fundamentally change the understanding of how to treat this disease and researchers foresee a great future for this approach.
1. Alzheimer’s is a disease that mainly affects the ____.A.muscles | B.blood | C.brain | D.heart |
A.Tracking devices. | B.Automated reminders. |
C.Sending sound waves into the brain. | D.Restoring memory. |
A.Helps to cure. | B.Helps to cause. | C.Helps to worsen. | D.Helps to prevent. |
A.Elderly people will begin to face many challenges. |
B.Society should provide enough healthcare to elderly people. |
C.There’s a need to better understand the cause of Alzheimer’s. |
D.Technology might solve some problems of people with Alzheimer’s. |
1.简述倡议目的;
2.提出防范措施;
3.倡议共同行动。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已经给出,不计入词数。
(相关词汇:传染病infectious diseases;口罩:mask:病毒:virus)
Dear fellow students,
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The Student Union
A.Doctor and patient. | B.Father and daughter. | C.Colleagues. |
Tu Youyou is famous around the world. She is the first Chinese female scientist
According to Tu Youyou, from their research experience in
7 . As the coronavirus (冠状病毒) outbreak continues, many Americans are fearful of using public transportation. They are also looking for ways to get exercise without going to a gym. So, it may not be surprising that the pandemic (疫情) has led to a major increase in bicycle sales.
In the US, bicycles at big stores have sold out. And small bicycle stores cannot keep up with demand for “family-style” bicycles: the low-cost, easy-to-ride models. “The bicycle industry is seeing its biggest sales increase since the oil crisis of the 1970s,” said Jay Townley, an industry expert. He compared the sale of bicycles to the rush to buy products like toilet paper at the start of the pandemic.
The rise in bicycle sales is not happening just in the US. Italy has created bicycle paths for the growing number of people who want to avoid public transportation. In London, city officials plan to ban cars from some central roads. Bike shop owners in Manila say demand is even stronger than what they see at Christmas time.
Of course, you can only buy a bicycle if you can find one. In the US, the shortages now mean it may take many months to get a bicycle. High demand is not the only reason for the shortage. Many bicycle factories were shut down to stop the spread of COVID-19. The increase in bicycle demand began in March as countries began to close down. In April, the sale of bicycles increased 200 percent in the US.
Joe Minutolo is the co-owner of Bar Harbor Bicycle Shop in Maine. He said he hoped the increased sales meant a change in the way people think about transportation. “People are having a chance to rethink things,” he said, “Maybe we’ll all learn something out of this, and something really good will happen.”
1. What causes the increase in bicycle sales?A.Shortage of public transportation. |
B.Outbreak of the coronavirus. |
C.People’s desire to defeat disease. |
D.People’s fear of natural disasters. |
A.More bikes are sold than at Christmas time. |
B.“Family-style” bicycles are in great need. |
C.Cars are banned from some central roads. |
D.New bicycle paths have been built. |
A.It’s impossible to buy a bike. |
B.Bike factories were closed in April. |
C.High demand for bikes began in March. |
D.It takes many months to produce a bike. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Positive. | C.Uncertain. | D.Critical. |
8 . A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a cough that was hard to get rid of. No matter how many different medicines I tried, I
Then one day after class, a student came up to me and
A few minutes later, the treatment started to produce a
A.even | B.still | C.certainly | D.currently |
A.benefit | B.facilitate | C.change | D.inconvenience |
A.sold | B.recommended | C.adopted | D.trusted |
A.brought rewards | B.set trends | C.worked wonders | D.changed rules |
A.hesitant | B.excited | C.nervous | D.optimistic |
A.Eventually | B.Consequently | C.Surprisingly | D.Admittedly |
A.look | B.break | C.miss | D.shot |
A.nonexistent | B.frequently-used | C.noneffective | D.highly-recommended |
A.hospitals | B.doctors | C.machines | D.symptoms |
A.tired | B.unsatisfied | C.scared | D.disappointed |
A.damaging | B.relieving | C.cooling | D.stimulating |
A.pain | B.relaxation | C.depression | D.uneasiness |
A.strength | B.capability | C.circumstance | D.condition |
A.lessen | B.worsen | C.quicken | D.lengthen |
A.fine | B.unexpected | C.gone | D.different |
9 . How to Help a Friend with Depression
If you have a friend who is suffering from depression, you may be unsure about what you should do to help. There are several ways that you can help a friend with depression.
As soon as you suspect that your friend is suffering from depression, you should encourage him or her to see a doctor. Your friend may be denying that there is a problem or maybe even embarrassed to admit that there is a problem. The extra encouragement of a friend may be all that your friend needs to seek help.
Supporting your friend
Depression can make people feel isolated and like no one cares. Even if you have shown your concern by doing things to help your friend, he or she may need to hear you say that you are there for them in order to believe it. Let your friend know that you are available.
Depression can also make a person feel worthless, but you can use encouraging words to support your friend until your friend remembers his or her worth again.
Moving beyond depression with your friend
As your friend begins to feel better, keep your friend moving beyond depression by planning some fun outings.
A.Those who laugh last laugh best. |
B.Choose activities that you both enjoy. |
C.Encouraging your friend to talk to you. |
D.Helping your friend get treatment for depression. |
E.Laughter is known as the best medicine for a reason. |
F.Therefore, they can contact you right away if they need you. |
G.You could say, “You are such a gifted artist. I really admire your talent.” |
10 . What is a hero? We may think of the fictional characters with supernatural powers or great people who can influence world events. Now, as the nation continues its all-out efforts to fight against the novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19), medical staff have become heroes in the eyes of the public.
As of Feb 19, a total of 32,000 medical staff outside Hubei province have been working to treat patients around the center of the outbreak.
Zhang Dingyu, the president of Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, is one of these heroes. Since the hospital received the first seven patients in December, Zhang has been so busy that he barely gets any sleep. Even suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (肌萎缩侧索硬化), the 56-year-old doctor is doing his best to quicken his pace to save precious time for infected patients. “I have to run, racing against time to save more patients from the deadly disease, because I don’t have much time left in my life,” Zhang told Xinhua News Agency.
With the duty of saving lives, many medical professionals like Zhang have been working long hours for days, despite their fear and worries.
Lu Jingjing from Wuhan Children’s Hospital also works at a temporary mobile hospital. She does not let her parents know that she is now working with novel coronavirus-infected patients.
When her parents ask for a video chat, Lu says she is working and lets her husband and children chat with them instead.
“It’s dangerous but we should win the battle with the virus as soon as possible, so that medical staff and patients can go back home,” she told China Daily.
US writer Khalil Gibran (1883-1931) once wrote, “Tenderness and kindness are not signs of weakness and despair, but the manifestations of strength and resolution.” It’s true for the medical workers.
Everyone has fear, especially when it comes to deadly diseases. But for medical staff, saving lives comes first and is enough for them to be brave and stay on the front. They may look like ordinary people in daily life, but in these extraordinary times, they are heroes.
1. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A.To explain what makes a modern-day hero. |
B.To praise medical staff for their efforts to fight the NCP. |
C.To describe what measures China has taken to deal with the virus. |
D.To show the difficulties faced by medical staff treating NCP patients. |
A.His illness has turned him into an impatient man. |
B.His illness makes him work without fear. |
C.He feels sorry for himself because of his illness. |
D.He wants to help as many patients as possible. |
A.She is too busy and has no time for video chats. |
B.She doesn’t want her parents to worry about her. |
C.It’s not allowed to make a video call from the hospital. |
D.There is no WiFi signal at the temporary mobile hospital. |
A.results | B.differences |
C.indications | D.advantages |