1 . By now we all know the importance of drinking enough water throughout the day, but there is such a thing as too much. Earlier this summer, a 35-year-old Indiana woman, died from water toxicity(毒性作用) after drinking too much water in a short period of time, according to a local news report.
While drinking enough water is important, overdoing it can lead to low levels of sodium(钠) in the blood, which can be life-threatening, according to Julia Zumpano, an expert at Cleveland Clinic’s Center for Human Nutrition.
Exactly how much is enough for our body depends on a variety of factors, including our weight, age, location and overall health. People in poor health, or active people such as athletes, are at risk of water toxicity, as they tend to drink large amounts of water and lose sodium through their sweat. So are women and children because of their smaller body size.
While the gold standard for many years has been eight glasses of 8 ounces(盎司) of water per day, the National Academy of Medicine suggests enough water intake is about 125 ounces for men and about 91 ounces for women. And it recommends not drinking more than 48 ounces of water per hour. This includes total water from fruits, vegetables and other drinks besides water.
If you struggle with getting enough water per day, you can try water bottles to help track your water intake. Eating fruits and vegetables can also increase our water intake. You could experiment with adding flavor to improve the taste of your water.
“Most people had better keep drinking water throughout the day, but larger amounts may be needed in the heat for an extended period of time or during exercise. If you are thirsty water—listen to your body. But don’t overdo it,” says Zumpano.
1. How does the author introduce the topic of the text?| A．By giving an example. | B．By showing the findings. |
| C．By making a comparison. | D．By putting up a question. |
| A．Putting on weight. | B．Speeding up aging. |
| C．Cutting sodium in blood. | D．Making us more active. |
| A．We must drink less than 48 ounces of water a day. |
| B．Women can take in more water than men an hour. |
| C．We can take in little water from fruits and vegetables. |
| D．We’d better drink about 64 ounces of water every day. |
| A．What is the result of water toxicity? |
| B．How much water is too much water? |
| C．Why do you find it difficult to drink enough water? |
| D．How often need we remind ourselves to drink water? |
2 . Good news, coffee lovers: Your daily cup of Joe might be doing good to your heart, namely by helping to reduce the risk of heart failure, suggest the findings of a new study. In an analysis of data from three large studies on the topic, researchers found that those who reported drinking one or more cups of caffeinated (含咖徘因的) coffee a day had “a related decreased long-term heart failure risk”.
For the report published in Circulation: Heart Failure, researchers used machine learning to examine data from a large study from the Framingham Heart Study, referencing this data against two other studies. “Each study included at least 10 years of follow-up, and altogether the studies provided information on more than 21,000 U.S. adult participants,” researchers said.
When analyzing the Framingham Heart Study, researchers noted that when compared to non-coffee drinkers, coffee drinkers’ risk of heart failure decreased by 5% to 12% for each cup they drank each day. As for decaffeinated coffee, researchers noted that it did, not have the same benefits as caffeinated coffee, with one study suggesting that decaffeinated coffee may have an opposite effect.
Dr. David Kao, senior study author, said in a statement, “The relation between caffeine and heart failure risk reduction was surprising. Coffee and caffeine are often considered by the general population to be ‘bad’ for the heart because people relate them to health problems like palpitations, high blood pressure, etc. The relationship between increasing caffeine consumption and decreasing heart failure risk turns that thought on its head.”
“However, there is not yet enough clear evidence to prove that increasing coffee consumption can decrease the risk of heart disease with the same strength and certainty as stopping smoking, losing weight, or exercising,” Kao noted. The researchers also warned that the findings only focused on black coffee, that is, plain coffee, without added sugar and high-fat dairy products such as cream.
1. What’s the finding of the new study?| A．The number of heart failure cases has decreased gradually. |
| B．Coffee can help lower the possibility of heart failure. |
| C．Caffeine does harm to people’s health. |
| D．Coffee helps cure heart disease. |
| A．By searching online for detailed information. |
| B．By interviewing experts about their opinions. |
| C．By conducting surveys among young adults. |
| D．By comparing data from long-term studies. |
| A．The brand of coffee. |
| B．The age of the subjects. |
| C．The addition of caffeine to coffee. |
| D．The amount of coffee consumption. |
| A．Indifferent. | B．Positive. | C．Curious. | D．Careful. |
3 . In recent years, researchers of Cornell University’s Food and Brand Lab are studying how environmental factors influence many Americans to unnoticeably eat too much. Many people wrongly believe that factors like hunger or boredom and depression are the main causes of overeating, but their research has shown otherwise. It is thought that we overeat if the food is good or if we’re really hungry. In reality, those are two of the last things that determine how much we eat.
In one experiment, the researcher placed jars of candies in workers’ offices for a month. Then, he moved the candies 1.8 m away. The office workers ate five more candies each day when the jar was closer to them, equaling an additional 125 calories a day. It does not sound too bad, but add that up over a year and you will have gained 5.4 kg. “If something is visible, every time we see it, we have to make a decision: to eat it or not?” the researcher explained.
In the other experiment, moviegoers were given five-day-old popcorn, some in medium-size buckets, some in large buckets. The researcher found that moviegoers who had the larger buckets ate 53 percent more, despite its unpleasant taste. He believes that the distraction of the movie and hearing others eat the popcorn persuade people to keep eating.
The findings in other researches have shown that we tend to eat more when we use larger dishes, eat in front of the television, or dine with someone who eats a lot. Researchers of the lab advise a gradual approach in changing eating habits. People can cut a couple of hundred calories a day by doing things such as avoiding open food dishes at the office, using smaller serving bowls, sitting next to the slowest eater and being the last one to start eating.
1. What is the truth shown by the study?| A．We eat more when the food is good. |
| B．People tend to eat a lot when they dine out. |
| C．Feeling depressed leads us to overeat. |
| D．Hunger is not the key factor in overeating. |
| A．People turn to more candies for more energy. |
| B．Office workers eat more candies due to visibility. |
| C．Moviegoers eat more popcorn because it is tasty. |
| D．People keep eating popcorn to enjoy the movie. |
| A．Dining with slim persons. | B．Eating while watching films |
| C．Using smaller dishes. | D．Starting eating earlier. |
| A．To display a research process. |
| B．To instruct how to do research experiments. |
| C．To warn against overeating. |
| D．To advise being a mindful eater. |
4 . Can wine really improve our health and increase our life span? Scientists are beginning to say "Yes!”
Researchers have found that red wines rich in flavonoids (类黄酮) are best for our health. Flavonoids are best known for their antioxidant (抗氧化) qualities and help the body resist viruses. Red wines also contain antioxidants, which help the body resist cancer and cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. Red wines such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Petit Syrah and Pinot Noir contain the highest concentrations of antioxidants and flavonoids. Other red wines, such as Merlots and Red Zinfandels, contain fewer flavonoids, but more than most white wines. So the best bet for drinking wine for our health is to stick to red wines containing more antioxidants and flavonoids.
Although white contains components that are central to good health, it doesn't mean that we can get drunk every night. Don't overdo it — but adding a glass of wine to your daily diet can definitely make a difference to your health. Paracelsus, the noted 16th-century Swiss physician, wrote, “Wine is a food, a medicine and a poison — it's just a question of how much you drink." Most health officials agree that one or two four-ounce glasses of wine per day can be beneficial to men, while women should limit their consumption to one four-ounce glass per day.
Cardiovascular expert, Professor Roger Corder, has spent years studying the evidence of health benefits from red wine. Specifically, he wondered why the French have a lower rate of heart discase, despite the fact that their diet is extremely rich in fats. He concentrated his research on the southwest portion of France, where life expectancy (平均寿命) seemed to be highest. He discovered that the region produces local wines, which contain the highest levels of antioxidants of any wines in the world. This led him to further research on the amazing medical benefits of red wine.
While wine may not be able to help a man escape from death or growing old, we certainly can consider adding a glass of wine or two to our daily diet.
1. The underlined word “bet” in the second paragraph, most probably means_______.| A．hope | B．result | C．choice | D．deal |
| A．Red wines are not always good for our health. |
| B．We need to control the amount of wine we drink. |
| C．Wine is as important as food and medicine. |
| D．Men need to drink more wine than women. |
| A．Because they have a more balanced diet. |
| B．Because the region where they live has the best climate. |
| C．Because they drink more red wine than others. |
| D．Because the red wine they drink contains the highest levels of antioxidants. |
| A．Which kind of red wine we should drink. |
| B．The amount of red wine we should drink. |
| C．The health benefits of red wine. |
| D．The history of red wine. |
Nowadays, mushroom hunting is becoming more and more popular in many parts of the United States.
Mushroom hunters spend hours, even days, in wooded areas
Experts say eating mushrooms
