1 . Some people hold the idea that being starving is the most effective way of losing body fat. Remember, if we go on a starvation diet, we lose weight but not much fat. In starvation mode, we use up our energy stores of carbohydrate (碳水化合物) first (in the form of a substance called glycogen). However, the body can store only a little glycogen, and this is used up within two days. Then we start breaking down fat and protein. But we can’t afford to lose body proteins: our muscle mass decreases, we become noticeably weaker, and our immunity is threatened because the lack of protective immunoglobulin proteins (保护性免疫球蛋白) means we are subject to an increased risk of infection.
Sure, we look slimmer, and we certainly weigh less, but we are weaker and becoming unhealthy. There is no point in dieting if it’s going to make us ill. And, of course, because we need our muscles, when we are even slightly distracted from the diet, our bodies immediately rebuild muscle and we regain all of the ‘lost’ weight very quickly. Not only have we gone through a period of reduced immunity and a lack of proteins, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants and other essential nutrients, there is evidence that so-called immediately effective dieting is detrimental to health in the longer term.
Quite simply, we are going to virtually eliminate all refined (精制的) carbohydrates and sugars (which are also carbohydrates), leaving us with a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet. On this diet, you will be cutting out virtually all refined carbohydrates so that body fat is burned with priority, to provide energy. Sugar, white flour, cakes, bread, pasta and rice are the usual trouble-makers. These foods have very little nutritional value and, what’s more, can cause medical and fat problems. Of course, there are forms of these carbohydrates — such as wholemeal rice, wholemeal bread and wholemeal pastas — that do have nutritional benefits and which you can reintroduce later, but in the initial stage of the diet, you have to reduce all carbohydrates, to switch on the fat-burning mechanism.
One point to be aware of is that refined carbohydrates can appear in many unexpected sources. You probably know that bread, cakes, biscuits, potato crisps and fried potato chips all contain refined carbohydrates, but pasta, rice, most breakfast cereals, most tinned foods, many pre-packaged foods, and prepared sauces do as well… In fact the list goes on and on. Virtually all ‘fast foods’ contain very high proportion of refined carbohydrates and if your diet is high in refined carbohydrates, you will definitely put on weight. If you’re worried that by cutting out refined carbohydrates you’ll have virtually no foods left to choose from, fear not. In fact, high-protein and nutritious foods such as meat, fish, shellfish and eggs are all open to you, along with vegetables, cheese, spices and herbs, from which you can easily produce delicious, healthy and quick meals. You’ll be relieved to hear that you don’t have to live on a diet of lettuce and tomato. On the contrary, you will be eating virtually limitless quantities of very tasty food with delicious sauces and dressings: in other words, real food!
1. What do you know about people following a starvation diet?| A．They are more likely to develop diseases. |
| B．They run the risk of immediate health problems. |
| C．Their fat and protein will be burnt prior to carbohydrates. |
| D．Their appetite will be spoiled gradually. |
| A．Damaging. | B．Insignificant. | C．Unpredictable. | D．Constructive. |
| A．They are banned although considered beneficial. |
| B．They are used as a primary source of energy. |
| C．They can be consumed only under certain circumstances. |
| D．Carbohydrates foster the consumption of sugary food. |
| A．You can become less muscular and athletic. |
| B．You should only eat meat, fish, shellfish and eggs. |
| C．You should monitor all the protein you take in. |
| D．You can have and make delicious dishes. |
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We all know that water is the source of life on Earth. No plant, insect, animal
The researchers look at the health data from about 12, 000 adults over a 30-year period. They studied the information of patients who
4 . Eating a traditional Mediterranean-type diet-rich in foods such as seafood, fruit, and nuts- -may help reduce the risk of dementia (痴呆) by almost a quarter, a new study has revealed.
Experts at Newcastle University found that individuals who ate a Mediterranean-like diet had up to 23% lower risk for dementia than those who did not. This research, published today in the journal BMC Medicine, is one of the biggest studies of its kind.
Scientists analyzed data from 60,298 individuals from the UK Biobank, including individuals from across the UK, who had completed a dietary assessment. The authors scored individuals based on how closely their diet matched the key features of a Mediterranean one. The participants were allowed for almost a decade, during which time there were 882 cases of dementia.
The authors considered each individual’s genetic risk for dementia by estimating what is known as their polygenic (多基因的) risk-a measure of all the different genes that are related to the risk of dementia. They found that there were similar associations between sticking to Mediterranean diet and dementia risk in individuals with higher and lower genetic risk for this condition, which may indicate that even for those with a higher genetic risk, having a better diet could reduce the likelihood of developing the condition.
Dr Janice Ranson, joint lead author on the paper, said: “Dementia impacts the lives of millions of individuals throughout the world, and there are currently limited options for treating this condition. Our study shows a Mediterranean diet that has a high intake of healthy plant-based foods may be important for future strategies to reduce dementia risk. For example, the dementia prevention efforts could go beyond general healthy diet advice and focus on choosing specific foods and nutrients.”
The authors caution that their analysis is limited to individuals who self-reported their ethnic background as white, British or Irish, as genetic data was only available based on European countries, and that further research is needed in a range of populations to determine the potential benefit.
1. What did scientists do during the study?| A．They scored the Mediterranean diet. |
| B．They tracked the participants’ health. |
| C．They collected data from 60298 families. |
| D．They selected 882 potential dementia cases. |
| A．Its effect is closely related to the polygenic risk. |
| B．It increases one’s chance of developing dementia. |
| C．It can reduce dementia risk regardless of one’s genetic risk. |
| D．It can provide protection against various genetic diseases. |
| A．Values of the study. | B．Features of the study. |
| C．Elements of a healthy diet. | D．Ways to deal with dementia. |
| A．Finding out more benefits of the Mediterranean diet. |
| B．Applying the findings to the treatment of dementia. |
| C．Involving participants of diverse races and nationalities. |
| D．Studying the rate of dementia within different age groups. |
5 . The fried foods,salty snacks and meat are major foods of the Western diet,which account for about 30 percent of heart attack risk (风险) across the world. Meanwhile, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, the so-called “Prudent” diet, can lower the risk of heart attack, according to a study.
The research which looked at dietary habits in 52 countries,found people who ate a Western diet had a 35 percent greater risk of having a heart attack,compared to those who ate little or no fried foods and meat.Those who followed a “Prudent” diet had a 30 percent lower risk of heart attack,compared to those who eat little fruits and vegetables.
The authors also looked at an “Oriental” diet, rich in tofu, soy and other sauces (酱类), and found it did not increase or decrease the risk of a heart attack.
Previous studies have reached similar conclusions about the “Prudent” and Western diet in the United States and Europe,but did not include the Oriental pattern of eating.While some food of the Oriental diet may protect against heart trouble,the higher sodium (钠)content of sauces counter(抵消) that benefit.“This study indicates that the same relationships that are observed in western countries exist in different regions of the world,”a professor of medicine at McMaster University said.
Canadian researchers analyzed risk factors in food choices and the risk of heart attack in about 16,000 people in 52 countries.Almost 6,000 people had heart attacks,while the rest had no heart disease.
1. According to the passage,the ________ can lower the risk of heart attack by 30%.| A．Western diet | B．“Prudent” diet | C．“Oriental” diet | D．not mentioned |
| A．fried foods | B．tofu | C．soy | D．sauces |
| A．study and diet | B．diet and heart attack |
| C．the Western diet and the “Oriental” diet | D．the United States and Europe |
6 . Our busy modern lives don't always make it easy for us to plan healthy meals. These books provide a guide to different types of healthy diets and plenty of recipes and hacks to keep your eating on track.
The Blue Zones Solution
Author Dan Buettner defines Blue Zones as places in the world where people have recorded as living the longest. The Blue Zones Solution explores diet and lifestyle techniques used in areas like Okinawa, Japan, Sardinia, Italy, and more. Buettner explains how you can apply these to your own daily life. There are recipes and checklists to help you create your own Blue Zone.
Food to Live By
Food to Live By takes things back to the basics. Myra Goodman, author and cofounder of Earthbound Farm, focuses on cooking simple dishes with organic ingredients. The recipes are easy to prepare and include important information about care and handling of ingredients. Goodman also includes full-colored photos of her dishes.
Wildly Affordable Organic
Eating organic is a healthier choice because the food is free of pesticides and antibiotics. Unfortunately, it can also be an expensive option. Wildly Affordable Organic gives you tricks to eat well without the high price. There are tips for how to make your family's lifestyle greener, save money on grocery runs, and cook easy seasonal meals.
The New Primal Blueprint
The New Primal Blueprint is an update on author Mark Sisson's The Primal Blueprint, released in 2009. It continues to focus on the benefits of eating the way our primal ancestors did and emphasizes Sisson's lifestyle laws for health and well-being. In addition to expanded and updated information, the new book comes with updated photos, graphics, and cartoons.
1. What does The Blue Zones Solution mainly feature?| A．Live longer with your own recipes. |
| B．Live your own life to the fullest. |
| C．Seek recipes from long-lived people. |
| D．Apply book knowledge to daily life. |
| A．They are about eating organic. |
| B．They are written by the same author. |
| C．They concerns ways of making dishes. |
| D．They offer full-colored photos of dishes. |
| A．It focuses on health. | B．It is an updated version. |
| C．It emphasizes lifestyles. | D．It contains good photos. |
7 . A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can help your body grow strong to take care of what you eat.
There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups. With all these food together, you will be given enough energy during the day.
It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired in these days and you cannot think quickly.
Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.
1. Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?| A．Milk, bread, cabbage and beef. |
| B．Eggs, tomatoes and chicken. |
| C．Corn, fish, cream and pork. |
| D．Rice, bean curd, apples, fish and chicken. |
| A．Going to school without any breakfast. |
| B．Eating fish and chips for supper all the time. |
| C．Finishing your lunch in a very short time. |
| D．Having at least one food from all four groups each meal. |
| A．every person needs food to grow well |
| B．right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy |
| C．taking exercise can keep your body strong |
| D．enough energy helps people think more quickly |
8 . Diet Myths — Get the facts, or your diet may fail!
Dieting is hard work, and there are plenty of “helpful” diet tricks that can make weight loss even harder.
Carbs(含碳水化合物的食物) are bad for you. Carbohydrates are actually an important source of energy. There are good carbs and bad carbs. Some foods, like white bread or white rice, are example of bad carbs. Good carbs include whole wheat bread and brown rice. They’re rich in fiber and really good for you!
You can control where your body loses weight. Bad news—if you want a flatter stomach, just exercising your stomach won’t work.
Your weight depends on your genes.
Say “no” to junk food. Many people think that the key to losing weight is cutting out all bad foods.
| A．You can’t target where you lose weight. |
| B．But the more strict your diet is, the more likely you are to break it — and in a big way. |
| C．Here are some common myths about losing weight and the truth behind them. |
| D．Skipping meals helps you lose more weight. |
| E．If you and your family have problems with obesity, you’re not sure to be fat. |
| F．Don’t miss meals but exercise. |
| G．Instead of choosing a difficult diet, find one you can manage and stick to it every day. |
9 . “Old wives tales" are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For example, most of us remember our parents' telling us to eat more of certain foods of not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time.
Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration. Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%. Garlic(蒜）is good for you ,too. It can kill the type of virus that causes colds.
Unfortunately, not all of Mom's advice passed the test of medical studies. For example,generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. Do sweets cause tooth problems? Well, yes and no. Sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.
Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don't hold water , there is still a lot of truth in the old wives' tales.After much of this knowledge has been accumulated （积累)from thousands of years of experience in family health care. We should respect this body of knowledge even as we search for clear scientific support to prove it true or false .
1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
| A．Eating garlic is good for our eyes. |
| B．Carrots prevent people from catching colds. |
| C．Swimming after a meal is dangerous. |
| D．Sticky sweets tend to damage our teeth. |
| A．To be believable. | B．To be valuable. |
| C．To be admirable. | D．To be suitable. |
| A．Because it is told by our ancestors. |
| B．Because it is scientifically supported. |
| C．Because it is based on many years' experience. |
| D．Because it is related to family health care. |
| A．Subjective | B．Objective |
| C．Dissatisfied | D．Curious |
10 . Including the following food or fruit in your breakfast makes you healthier and full of energy.
Grapefruit
“Even if you changed nothing else about your diet, eating half a grapefruit before each meal may help you lose up to a pound a week, ”says Patricia Bannan, author of Eat Right When the Time Is Right, “Researchers found that when obese people ate half a grapefruit before each meal, they dropped an average of 3. 5 pounds over 12 weeks, ”she says.
Tart Cherry
Tart cherries have been shown to benefit heart health as well as body weight in a study on obese rats, A 12-week study by the University of Michigan found that rats fed tart cherries showed a 9 percent belly fat reduction. Moreover, the researchers noted that the cherry consumption had great ability to alter the expression of fat genes. Enjoy them during breakfast to kick your morning off right.
Sweet Potato
Sweet potatoes are packed with nutrients and can help you burn fat. They are high in fiber and have a low glycemic index（血糖指数）， which means they re absorbed slowly and keep you feeling full longer. Min Chen likes to use them to whip up a sweet potato hash. “I love any kind of this dish because it provides rich vitamins, minerals and fiber. It is very filling, which helps keep appetite and portions under control as the day goes on, ”she says.
Bell Pepper
Green, red or yellow, fresh or frozen, peppers are never a bad companion for your eggs. Thanks to their high vitamin C content, eating them can help burn stored fat. Studies also indicate that vitamin C helps muscles process a fatty acid called carnitine that’s essential to muse growth and recovery.
1. Which food or fruit is beneficial to the patients who suffer from heart diseases?| A．Grapefruit | B．Sweet potato |
| C．Tart cherry | D．Bell pepper |
| A．Making people live longer. |
| B．Makine muscles grow strong- |
| C．Helping control glycernic index |
| D．Helping people lose weight. |
| A．Education. | B．Health |
| C．Agriculture. | D．Technology |
