1 . When you go for a run outside, chances are that you’ll find litter all around you. Do you just go past it, or do you stop and pick it up? If you choose the latter, you’re part of the latest fitness trend that’s sweeping the West: plogging.
The word “plogging” combines the Swedish phrase “plocka upp” (pick up) with the English word “jogging”.
Running – especially marathons – is often associated with good causes. And plogging, which combines environmentalism with fitness, has become the new poster boy for the environmentally-friendly runner. All a plogger needs is a trash bag, and ideally a pair of gloves to protect their hands.
The process of collecting garbage is simple, but it sheds light on serious environmental issues. “When I usually walk through the streets of New York, the sight of newspapers, lost hats, and shattered glass doesn’t bother me,” Matthew Sedacca of Men’s Health magazine wrote. “But when I was plogging and focused on trash collecting, the amount of garbage strewn (散布) across the sidewalks and along the pavement was kind of shocking.”
While collecting garbage, ploggers learn to classify and dispose of it correctly too. Laura Lindberg, a plogger who lives in New Jersey, US, always keeps a note of what she’s collected in her mind. This way, she knows what can stay in her trash bag and what can go in a nearby recycling bin.
It may be difficult to measure the sense of self-satisfaction that comes from making the world a cleaner, greener and more beautiful place, but the health benefits of plogging are easy to see. According to the Swedish fitness app Lifesum, a 30-minute plogging burns around 288 calories, compared to 235 calories burned from just jogging.
So the next time you go out jogging, why not carry a trash bag and collect some litter along the way? Your body and the environment will thank you.
1. What can we learn about “plogging” from paragraph 1 to 3?A.Plogging is becoming a tendency throughout the world. |
B.A plogger should take a pair of gloves for protection. |
C.A plogger can contribute to environmental protection. |
D.Plogging is often connected with running especially marathons. |
A.To pick something up. |
B.To make something clear. |
C.To do good to something. |
D.To take advantage of something. |
A.setting down general rules | B.drawing a comparison | C.making assumptions | D.giving examples |
A.We should assist ploggers to classify rubbish correctly. |
B.Ploggers need keep a note of what they’ve collected. |
C.Plogging helps burn more calories than jogging only. |
D.The joy from plogging outweighs the health benefits. |
2 . Running is a very popular sport. Millions of people run because they enjoy it or want to be in good physical shape. A runner does not need special skills or equipment.
Daily running improves a person's physical condition. It helps oxygen circulate (循环) through your body and makes your heart and leg muscles stronger.
Many runners like taking part in long distance races like marathons (马拉松).
There are no official world records in marathon races because courses are different all over the world.
A.He needs to be well-prepared and train a lot. |
B.Marathons are the most popular running events. |
C.During a marathon, you should keep a right pace. |
D.Sometimes the raceway is flat and runners run faster. |
E.The fastest marathon race took place in Berlin in 2018. |
F.He only needs a pair of trainers and comfortable clothes. |
G.It also helps you fight off stress after a tiring day in school or at work. |
3 . Tired of your quiet day-to-day life? How about leaving your computer games behind and taking up an extreme sport?
You can ride a bicycle, right? In that case you’re halfway to becoming a mountain biker. All you have to do is take your bike off the road and try some hilly areas. Mountain biking was developed in California in the 1970s and became an Olympic sport in 1996.
Not challenging enough? Skydivers jump from planes at a height of 1,000 to 4,000 meters. You have to be fit but there’s no age limit with this sport. For example, Dilys Price from Cardiff went on her first jump aged 54. The minute she came down, she wanted to go up again. She said: “It was so attractive”.
Some adventures have invented base jumping, in which people jump from tall structures, such as buildings or bridges, with a parachute. Many of their jumps aren’t legal, especially in the cities.Dan Witchalls has jumped off The Shard —London’s 310 meter-high building four times.He says, “Base jumping is scarier than jumping out of a plane. In a plane there is no sense of height, but when you are standing on the edge of the building you can see people and cars, the experience makes it very real.”
It seems there’s no shortage of imagination when it comes to risking life to look cool and get the heart beating wildly. Surfing, diving, rock climbing ...And how about extreme ironing? That is, pressing your clothes on top of a mountain! Extreme ironing is said to have been created in the 1990s in England by a man who saw a large amount of wrinkled clothes and felt bored when doing the cloth ironing. That man was Phil Shaw. For him, the excitement of this sport comes from looking at the viewers’ faces. Shaw says, “Sometimes they look confused; sometimes they laugh. It’s fun to see how people react to it.”
1. What does the author think about mountain biking?A.A bit boring. | B.Challenging indeed. |
C.Great fun. | D.Not very hard. |
A.Skydivers have to be very healthy. | B.Skydiving is not challenging enough. |
C.Elderly people can also take up skydiving. | D.People can easily become crazy about skydiving. |
A.The sense of height. | B.Base jumping experience. |
C.The edge of the building. | D.Jumping out of a plane. |
A.He liked ironing clothes. | B.He wanted to make clothes ironing more fun. |
C.He enjoyed different looks on people's faces. | D.He had a good view standing on top of a mountain. |
4 . Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A.They must run long distances. |
B.They are qualified for the marathon. |
C.They have to follow special rules. |
D.They are good at swinging their legs. |
A.It’s more popular at the Olympics. |
B.It’s less challenging physically. |
C.It’s more effective in body building. |
D.It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. |
A.Getting experts’ opinions. |
B.Having a medical checkup. |
C.Hiring an experienced coach. |
D.Doing regular exercises. |
A.Skeptical. | B.Objective. |
C.Tolerant. | D.Conservative. |
5 . Why play games? Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules, planning your next move and acting as a team member are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating .
Many children’s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which sharpens the hand-eye coordination (协调) needed in hunting.
Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.
Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it — some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.
1. What are children expected to learn Through playing hide-and-seek?A.Be a team leader | B.Obey the basic rules |
C.Act as a grown-up | D.Predict possible danger |
A.Games can describe life in an exciting way |
B.Games can turn real-life experiences into a play |
C.Games can make learning life skills more interesting |
D.Games can change people’s views of sporting events |
A.It inspires people’s deep love for the country. |
B.It proves the exceptional skills of the winners. |
C.It helps the country out of natural disasters. |
D.It earns the winners fame and fortune. |
A.Bringing fun to poor kids. |
B.Providing soccer balls for children. |
C.Giving poor kids a chance for a better life. |
D.Attracting soccer players to help poor kids. |
6 . Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your choice of sport might have great influence on the environment.
Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses(高尔夫球场) in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortages in some local areas.
In fact, there are many environment friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don't need any special equipment except a pair of good shoes; and you don't have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk can regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and control your weight better.
Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be "green gyms". They are better replacements(代替物) for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it's free.
1. What do we know about golf from the passage?A.It is popular in Portugal and Spain. |
B.It needs water and energy to keep its courses green |
C.It pollutes the earth with chemicals and waste. |
D.It causes water shortages around the world. |
A.it uses fewer resources |
B.it improves our health |
C.it is an outdoor sport |
D.it is recommended by experts |
A.Playing basketball in a gym. |
B.Motor racing in the desert. |
C.Cycling around a lake. |
D.Swimming in a sports center. |
A.To show us the function of major sports. |
B.To encourage us to go in for green sports. |
C.To discuss the major influence of popular sports. |
D.To introduce different types of environment friendly spors. |
7 . Why do you run? Different people have different reasons. Whatever your reason, there’s one thing we can be sure of: Running is much better injury-free. In his book, Dr. Jordan Metzl’s Running Strong, Metzl has the perfect suggestions for enjoying your running without losing your well-being. Here are five must-follow rules for injury-free running:
1. Train for your level of fitness and your goals.
2. Wear the right shoes for your feet.
You will hear lots of opinions about whether running shoes really help prevent injury and whether you should even wear them.
3.
Be honest about how much sleep you need and stick to it. The cool runner is the one who wins the race. Sleep will get you there.
4. Fuel (给提供能量) your body right for running and recovery.
5. Pay attention to pain.
When pain changes the way you run, stop running.
A.Try to find out what’s going on and treat it. |
B.Get seven to eight hours of sleep every night. |
C.Running should be seen as fun rather than pain. |
D.Don’t run more miles than your body can deal with. |
E.A good pre-run meal plan is one that keeps you stepping strong. |
F.It is because of the health benefits, including lowering your risk for disease. |
G.The right running shoes can help correct foot-movement problems that lead to injury. |
8 . Spring and summer are the best seasons of the year for lots of activities, especially jogging(慢跑). This kind of running is the choice of many people who live in the city, work in the office and want to keep healthy.
1. Make good preparations before jogging.
2. Do fitting warming-up activities
Every runner, especially the beginners should know that all physical activities without proper warming up can cause a terrible pain and result in harm to muscles. It will probably lead to a final discomfort in your body or even disease.
3.
Every type of sport is special and useful in its own way. While jogging can sometimes bring pain and discomfort, it really offers you greater joy and satisfaction. So don’t step back.
A.Listen to your body signals. |
B.Never give in to difficulties while jogging |
C.However, jogging without preparation will bring great harm. |
D.One of the best ways to prepare is to go to specialized (专门的) shops. |
E.Just go in for jogging, but remember to follow the above rules |
F.Therefore, you should make it a habit to warm up before jogging |
G.Here are some basic rules to make jogging safe, useful and comfortable |
9 . Nature soothes(抚慰)our stressed-out souls. We know that nature is the best prescription, and new research suggests we can gain benefits while visiting parks.
"In general,we found park visitors reported an improvement in emotional well-being(幸福感)after the park visit.”the study's lead author and University of Alabama at Birmingham professor Hon K. Yuen said in a statement.“
For the study, 94 adults visited three city parks in Mountain Brook, Alabama, completing a questionnaire about their subjective well-being before and after their visit.
The study group was truly small. as the study's co-author and another UAB professor, Gavin Jenkins, acknowledges.
A.Something was used to track their physical activity. |
B.You usually visit a small green space in your neighborhood. |
C.However, its findings pointed out the importance of city parks. |
D.If you want to feel happier, you just need to exercise for 20 minutes in a park. |
E.The best part is that you needn't visit a national park or go far out of your way. |
F.This means people can benefit from visiting a nearby park, regardless of physical ability. |
G.But we didn't find levels of physical activity are linked to improved emotional well-being. |
10 . Daily physical activity is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. For this reason, many architects and designers are working to create buildings that encourage people to make exercise a part of their ordinary routine. The movement to promote healthy activity through architecture is called active design. It began in 1998 as part of a university public health program, and it has since gained popularity in cities around the world. Active design uses a number of techniques to encourage the occupants of a building to be more active.
One of the most important strategies of active design is inspiring people to make walking part of their routine. A particularly successful tool for promoting walking is the skip-stop elevator. These elevators stop only on every second or third floor, leaving riders to take the stairs in order to reach their destination. Another strategy of active design is to make stairs more pleasant and inviting. Instead of creating dark stairwells that are located in isolated parts of buildings, active design uses well-lit and centrally placed stairs to encourage more foot traffic. Skip-stop elevators and appealing stair design are both effective tools of active design because they offer incentive and opportunity for exercise. In fact, researchers studying a building that employs both skip-stop elevators and more attractive stair design said that 70 percent of building occupants reported using the stairs every day.
Active design encourages physical activity using not only the interior features of a building, but the relationship between a building and its surroundings as well. A building that employs active design may integrate outdoor space in order to make the environment more engaging and promote physical activity. Some elements that architects use to incorporate the exterior with the interior are glass walls, interior gardens or park spaces, and courtyards with open ceilings, all of which de-emphasize the boundaries between inside and outside. These elements make the building more physically and mentally invigorating. Similarly, by increasing the number of entrances and exits to a building, architects can help keep a building’s users interested in their surroundings by providing a variety of routes for them to use. If people continue to be stimulated by new sights or experiences, they are less likely to choose the quickest and easiest path to their destination and may instead choose a more physically challenging route.
1. What does the underlined word “incentive” in paragraph 2 mean?A.requirement | B.encouragement |
C.technique | D.assistance |
A.To demonstrate the differences between elevator and stairwell design. |
B.To describe one advantage of using skip-stop elevators in buildings. |
C.To make a point about why people don’t use the stairs often. |
D.To argue that skip-stop elevators may lead to design failures. |
A.Creating more routes for entering and exiting. |
B.Building gardens inside the building. |
C.Creating spaces with open ceilings. |
D.Using see-through materials. |
A.Para 2 describes an early model of a design discussed in para 3. |
B.Para 3 argues about the effectiveness of the technique from para 2. |
C.Para 3 introduces a different strategy than the one discussed in para 2. |
D.Para 2 explains a technique, and para 3 gives examples of how it is used. |