4 . There’s no doubt that football is the global sport. Though basketball, tennis, and other sports are popular too, nothing comes close to football. Being played in every country in the world, football provides dozens of superstars. The numbers are greater when compared to any other sport, and this drives the popularity of football up. Have you ever wondered when the sport started and became popular?

Football has its origin (起源) in China and has a history of more than 2,000 years. However, modern football originally appeared in Britain in the 19th century. Folk football matches had been played before in many cities and towns, but never on a professional level.

Football became a winter sport game played in different schools. The rules were carried out by each school, and this made it difficult for players to play an official game with each other. It all changed in 1849 at the University of Cambridge that invented a set of standard rules known as the Cambridge rules of football. From that moment, a new star sport was born.

By the early 20th century, football had spread all across Europe. In 1904, FIFA was set up. There are seven original members, including France, Denmark and Spain, FIFA became the governing body for many associations in Europe.

England’s international success improved the popularity of the sport in the country. The league (联赛) in Britain was set up in 1992. From the 1990s, it became a truly impressive piece of football organization, becoming the world’s top football league in the process.

Football is obviously the most popular sport in the world. It is impossible for any other sport to take its place, especially with leagues spending billions of pounds every year to stay in the focus.

5 . During the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病), some people found their exercise was greatly reduced. However, it was an attraction for others to increase their physical activity. With the change of working from home, some physical activity was reduced. People took this newly freed up time as a chance to add exercise to their day, with online fitness programs and health apps (应用软件) reporting an increase.

However, the early drive to exercise appears to have been short-lived for many, with a study comparing activity levels between the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Victoria finding most people reported a reduction in their physical activity levels the second time around because of a shortage of encouragement. A study found that COVID-19 has reduced physical activity and increased sedentary (久坐不动的) behavior, and the effects could be lasting.

Continuing concerns about COVID-19 have led to carefulness about returning to public spaces such as gyms. But also, with many people changing their exercise habits and setting up home gyms during the pandemic, it’s become much more convenient to exercise at home. It’s clear for many of us that COVID-19 changed how and how much we exercise. But the changes don’t necessarily have to be for the worse.

People who changed to online workouts (锻炼), fitness apps and home gyms during the pandemic said their exercise was less satisfying, less enjoyable and they felt less active com-pared with doing exercise in gyms. Besides the physical effects, people reported missing the social communication, friendship, and being avoidable of the gym. In-person classes also offer the advantages of management and instruction, which can help make sure workouts are completed safely and effectively.

However, online workouts, fitness apps and near-home workouts are likely here to stay, and offer many advantages, such as no need to travel to the gym and convenience, making it easy to fit in a workout while working and shouldering family responsibilities.

8 . Everyone has hobbies. Hobbies bring us a lot of _______. For most of us, the activities we take part in are common and easy to do. However, there are other people who like to take _______. They are more interested in doing extreme sports, such as snowboarding, diving and rock climbing.

Many people _______ rock climbing. They can do it indoors on _________ walls or outdoors on real mountains. There are many advantages of rock climbing - it is fun and it also helps people _________ their worries.

The most important equipment to have is good shoes. They need to be half a size smaller than your usual size. The next thing you need is a harness (保护带). This allows you to _________ freely, but will hold you up if you fall. It's important to know how to use your equipment. If you are a _________, it's best to have lessons. A climber with experience can help you a lot when you are learning to climb.

Rock climbing is very _________ for people of different ages. Climbers, however, must be careful not to _________ the mountains. When some rock climbers climb, they sometimes leave a lot of __________ on the mountains. They should take it with them and throw it away into the dustbins. This will let future climbers enjoy a clean environment.

9 . One of the most popular new outdoor activities is day hiking. For many first-time hikers, it’s important to learn the proper hiking tips and safety rules.     1     Here are some of the main ones to know.

Take out your own garbage. One of the biggest surprises for people new to the outdoors is that many parks and trails have no facilities; i.e., no restrooms or garbage cans.     2     You’re even supposed to ferry out poop (your own or your pet’s), unless you bury it 200 feet from the trail or any water source. Advisably, you can pack out trash with some zip top bags.

Don’t move things around. This means no taking home pretty rocks or flowers. Any time you move or remove something, you may destroy an animal s home or a weak ecosystem. Leaving things alone also applies to wildlife, so don’t try to pet a deer or approach a bear for a great photo.     3    

    4    Since hikers tend to head into the outdoors to enjoy all of the natural sights, sounds and smells, don’t blast music, talk loudly on the phone or bring along an uncontrolled pet. Being a considerate hiker also helps the resident wildlife, which may need undisturbed spaces and enough quiet to hear the sounds of nature for their communication and survival.

Know when to stay on and step off the trail. Hiking trails are created with specific purposes, which may include preventing pollution to environment and protecting precious plant and animal communities.     5     There are a few exceptions, such as leaving the trail to “use the restroom”.