2 . Many dentists are worried about their patients consuming too many sugar-filled sodas, sweet drinks and non-nutritious snacks. These foods don't have much nutritional value and they can take a toll on teeth.

What affect how quickly youngsters may develop tooth decay(蛀牙)are the eating habits and their food choices.With bacteria coming into contact with sugar in the mouth, acid( 酸)is produced. It will attack the teeth and eventually lead to tooth decay.

Foods containing sugar of any kind can lead to tooth decay. Almost all foods, even milk and vegetables, contain some type of sugar. Some of them, however, are a necessary part of a healthy diet due to their nutritional value. To help control the amount of sugar you consume, you need to read food labels carefully and choose foods and drinks with lower added sugar. Drinks, sweets and biscuits that contain a lot of added sugar shouldn't be on your shopping list.

Maintaining a diet lacking certain nutrients may increase the risk of tissue(4#A )infection in your mouth, which may result in a major cause of tooth loss in adults-the periodontal disease(2 a%P). Although poor nutrition and the periodontal disease are not directly related, many studies show that the disease progresses faster and can be more severe in people with nutrient-poor diets.

To make sure of enough nutrition, we need to maintain a balanced diet. Eating a variety of foods from each of the five major food groups and consuming less snacks will help a lot. If you do snack, choose nutritious foods, such as cheese, raw vegetables, plain yoghurt, or a piece of fruit.

1. What does the underlined expression"take a toll on "in the first paragraph probably mean?

A．To damage

B．To affect

C．To improve

D．To reduce

2. What might contribute to the tooth decay of children and teens?

A．Their health problem.	B．Their parents' tooth health.
C．Eating habits and food choices.	D．Lack of nutrition.

3. What can we infer from the passage?

A．To protect our teeth, we shouldn't eat any food that contains sugar.

B．A balanced diet will benefit us in preventing tooth disease.

C．The acid in the mouth attacks the teeth for less than 20 minutes.

D．Poor nutrition causes the periodontal disease directly.

4. Where does this passage probably come from?

A．A research paper.

B．Cuisine website.

C．A health magazine.

D．A food blog.

3 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Where does the conversation take place?

A．In the accident site.	B．In a hospital.
C．At the man’s home.

2. What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A．The man’s physical condition.

B．The man’s football team.

C．The man’s football career.

3. What can we learn from the conversation?

A．35 people in total got injured in the accident.

B．The man’s arms were broken.

C．The speakers are from the same school.

4 . Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:

Schedule yearly exams.

    1     Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.

Protect against UV rays .

Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses.     2     Give your eyes a break.

Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.     3     Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.

    4    .

As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.

Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses.

Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.     5    

Otherwise: you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.

A．Eat your greens.

B．Eye care should begin early in life.

C．They can properly protect your eyes.

D．Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.

E．Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight.

F．Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear.

G．This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.

5 . The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that over 50,000 people every year sustain some sort of winter-related back injury，and 5，800 of those are holiday decorating- ____. These aches and pains can   ____ bring trouble to people’s life. It is said that people’s back could sustain all sorts of strain from carrying heavy   ____，and from the increased stress of lugging suitcases, decorations and gifts. Dr. Alanna Levine spoke to Debbye Turner Bell on “The Early Show” about how to   ____ the back for the holiday season.

The first   ____ Dr. Levine gave was about carrying heavy shopping bags. Smaller bags, she said, are better. “You don’t want to load everything up into one bag and lug it around,” Dr. Levine explained. “You want to   ____ the weight on your body. ” She also   ____ putting heavier items towards the bottom in those bags and lighter items on top. Also, if you can, make frequent trips to the car to drop     ____ purchases.

____ can be another pain in the back—from carrying heavy luggage. Again, Dr. Levine ____ not to pack everything into one bag. Even though it may cost more, she said that packing two smaller bags is safer than packing a heavy one. Also, choose a lightweight bag, so that the only weight you’re carrying is the   ____ inside the suitcase.

When unloading bags from an airport baggage claim, Dr. Levine suggested standing   ____ to the carousel (圆盘传送带) and bending your knees to lift it up. “You want to avoid that reach-and-lift. It puts a(n)   ____ on your lower back,” she said.

When it   ____ holiday decorating, people take more   ____. Dr. Levine suggested decorating in pairs, so that one person can hand the lights and ornaments to the other person to hang, thus avoiding reaching or twisting to get what you need.

1.

A．kept

B．stayed

C．related

D．connected

2.

A．necessarily

B．undoubtedly

C．vitally

D．blindly

3.

A．products

B．purchases

C．tools

D．cases

4.

A．provide

B．prevent

C．preserve

D．protect

5.

A．tip

B．way

C．method

D．step

6.

A．display

B．distribute

C．distract

D．discuss

7.

A．refused

B．recognized

C．rejected

D．recommended

8.

A．on

B．in

C．off

D．out

9.

A．Travel

B．Housework

C．Task

D．Labor

10.

A．considered

B．thought

C．wished

D．stressed

11.

A．contracts

B．contests

C．contents

D．contexts

12.

A．separately

B．close

C．apart

D．far

13.

A．burden

B．impression

C．pressure

D．focus

14.

A．seems to

B．goes to

C．speaks to

D．comes to

15.

A．time

B．risks

C．efforts

D．effect

6 . Some people don't wish to waste even a second at work. Looking at a computer screen for a long time can cause stress on one's eyes. Sitting and looking at a television screen for hours can also make the eyes tired.

Bookworms love reading and they will make sure they read much more than their bodies can deal with. The strong wish to finish a book may result in fast reading，without taking breaks, which can lead to tired eyes. Reading for a long time in weak light can also cause tired eyes.

More salt-based junk food like burgers，pizzas, etc. and less water also play a role in causing tired eyes. The junk food is a reason for tired eyes for it hasn't enough vitamins（维生素）.

Less sleep causes the eyes to become heavy. Dark circles also develop if one doesn't get enough sleep over a period of time.

If not treated in time，the condition can become worse. Here are some ways to relieve（减轻）a tired eye condition.

Every hour during your day at work, spend a minute relaxing your eyes. Look away from your computer screen and roll your eyes in all directions. Try and blink（眨眼）more often. Look around the room or close your eyes for a minute if you want and then work again. Following these every hour will help relieve the stress on your eyes，and you won't feel so tired after work.

Tea helps relieve tired eyes. Make a cup of hot black tea and pour it into a glass. Hold the glass close to your eyes，so that the vapors from the tea reach your eyes. This will also make you feel fresh.

If your eyes feel very tired at work, go to the washroom and wash your face with cool tap water. The cold water will help relieve the tired feeling. Do this every hour during work and your eyes will feel good.

1. How many factors will cause the tiredness of one's eyes according to the passage?

A．6	B．4
C．8	D．10

2. In the last paragraph, what method does the author suggest to relieve your eyes?

A．A physical approach.	B．A medicine treatment.
C．An operation.	D．An exercise method.

3. What's the purpose of the passage？

A．To show the importance of our eyes.

B．To explain the ways of eyes' protection.

C．To help us keep fit.

D．To tell us how to get rid of eyes' tiredness.

4. Where can you possibly see the passage？

A．A poster.	B．A travel guide.
C．A health magazine.	D．An introduction to an eye hospital.

7 . Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.

A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason this happens is because the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart, crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. You won’t feel any immediate effects, but sitting for long periods of time will hurt you forever.

Crossing your legs can also lead to neck and back pain. Ideally, it’s best for our bodies to sit with our feet planted flat, hip width apart, on the floor, but it’s not easy to maintain perfect posture all day at the office. When you sit with your legs crossed your hips are in a twisted position, which can cause one of your pelvic bones(骨盆) to rotate. Since your pelvic bone supports your neck and spine（脊椎）, this can cause pressure on your lower and middle back and neck.

You also might notice that when you sit with your legs crossed for long periods of time your feet and legs get painful or have the feeling of being asleep. This is because when one leg sits on top of the other it causes pressure on the veins（静脉） and nerves in your legs and feet. It can cause numbness and/or temporary paralysis in the legs, ankles, or feet. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.

So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.

1. Which of the following is not the consequence of crossing legs?

A．Neck and back get hurt.

B．Feet and legs become numb.

C．Blood pressure goes up.

D．Pelvic bones keep perfect postures.

2. What does the underlined word “rotate” in Para3 mean?

A．break seriously

B．hurt greatly

C．move casually

D．straighten suddenly

3. What does the text mainly talk about?

A．How to choose a proper sitting posture

B．It is advisable not to sit with legs crossed

C．How to develop beneficial habits

D．Blood pressure harms our bodies.

8 . 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Guides on how to prevent hair lossHair loss is a condition that affects a good number of the human population. There are many reasons for that.    1    Drink at least eight glasses of water as the day wears on if you want to improve the texture (质地) of your hair. Water helps to reduce the free radicals (自由基) inside your body, so that you can have a strong head of hair for many years. Make water your primary liquid during the day.    2    Research has shown that men who live in polluted neighborhoods may experience hair loss, because polluted things enter their bloodstream and damage their hair.Find at least one hour during the day to exercise.    3    Aim to exercise at least three days a week to keep a healthy head of hair.Keep a balanced diet, including plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables. Keeping your whole body healthy will also keep your hair healthy, and healthier hair is likely to last longer.    4    Making sure that you’re eating foods rich in iron is a great way you can help strengthen your hair and prevent it from falling out. Think of eating foods like green leafy vegetables, raisins (葡萄干) and other dried fruits, and even whole grain foods.    5    

A．Avoid areas high in pollution.

B．These food sources are a great source of iron.

C．To prevent hair loss, work with what you have.

D．The following tips will help you prevent hair loss.

E．It is difficult to find the source of hair loss due to its many causes.

F．Exercising helps to reduce stress and remove waste from your body.

G．Keeping your hair healthy will result in shinier hair, improving your appearance.

9 . 阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。

Scientists at Harvard University have recycled a kidney(肾)-in a rat. The researchers removed a kidney from a dead rat. Later, the renewed kidney was put into a living rat. It wasn't perfect. It did, however, show signs of working like a kidney should.
"It's really beautiful work," Edward Ross, a kidney researcher at the University of Florida in Gainesville, told Science News. He didn't work on the new study.
Kidneys are bean-shaped and act like guards in the body. They clean the blood by removing waste and extra water. Every day, an adult's kidneys filter (过滤) enough blood to fill a bathtub half full. Along the way, they produce eight cups of urine (尿) from that waste and water. When a person's kidneys fail, all of that waste stays in the body. Such patients can quickly become very sick and die, unless they are regularly connected to a machine that filters their blood.
At any given time, about 100,000 people in the United States are waiting for a replacement kidney. But healthy donated kidneys are difficult to get. Either a living person must donate one, or a kidney must be removed from someone who just died and earlier had agreed to the donation. In either case, people receiving new kidneys face the r isk that their bodies will reject the donated ones.
But there may be another option.   Researchers use knowledge of living things to grow or improve tissue that can aid human health. Harald Ott's team at Harvard started with a "used" kidney.
Scientists added kidney cells from rats and blood vessel cells from people to the matrix（母体）. These cells attached themselves and began to multiply. Before long, they formed new kidney tissue.
The scientists placed this renewed kidney into another rat. There it produced a small amount of urine. This experiment shows that the lab-grown kidney can do at least some of the work performed by a healthy kidney.
The results are a promising first step toward helping people with serious kidney problems. "This is still very early, but they've come a long way," Ross said.
1. What can we infer from Paragraph l?

A．Biology is a new and helpful science.

B．It's hard to put the rebuilt kidney into the rat.

C．Kidneys are very important to our life.

D．A used kidney may be recycled for new life.

2. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A．The relationship between kidneys and health.

B．The difficulty of curing serious kidney diseases.

C．The function and importance of kidneys.

D．The methods of curing kidneys diseases.

3. For what purpose does the author use the figure 100,000 in Paragraph 4?

A．To stress used kidneys are hard to get.

B．To show the great need for healthy kidneys.

C．To explain many American people get kidney diseases.

D．To call on people to donate kidneys.

4. Which of the following is true according to the text?

A．The scientists are satisfied with the result of the experiment.

B．Ross is a kidney expert who is involved in the experiment.

C．The function of the renewed kidney is the same as a healthy kidney.

D．The renewed kidney produced a great deal of urine.

10 . Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp

Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit- -and that can be a very annoying thing.     1    Read on for some techniques worth trying.

1.     2    

People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer’s disease (早老性痴呆症)，according to a recent study.     3    Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. There’s evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward.

2. Go for a walk.

Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain.     4    

3. Learn something new.

Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time.     5    Or go dancing with your friends.

A．Focus on the future.

B．This can be especially harmful to the aged.

C．It should be something like learning gardening.

D．So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.

E．But don’t worry if your schedule isn’t filled with life changing events.

F．Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments

G．In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.