2 . What is the best sleep position for your health?

It’s difficult to control what sleeping position we naturally fall into, as our body will subconsciously all into the most comfortable position for us. However, some positions are better for you than others and come could hold back your health and wellbeing.     1     .

If you sleep on your side

More than 60 per cent of people sleep on their side. Often our body naturally moves to this position, which is linked to when we were in the womb in the foetal(胎儿的) position.    2    It offers a number of benefits to your body, from promoting healthy spine alignment(脊椎对齐) which can help to prevent back pain to reducing heartburn and snoring(打鼾).

If you sleep on your back

Lying on your back is the second most popular sleeping position and offers just as many benefits as side sleeping. When you’re sleeping on your back, it’s easy to keep alignment and to also evenly distribute your weight.     3    

If you sleep on your stomach

Sleeping on your stomach is the least common sleeping position.     4     . And those who sleep on their stomach could put themselves at risk of a less restful night’s sleep. The stomach offers the least amount of back support and can increase pressure on the spine which may cause pain once you wake up.

    5     You should consider various factors such as if you snore or suffer sleep problems, or if you often have back and neck pain. Side sleeping has been noted as the best position for the body, so this is probably one to try and get into the habit of trying, but again, it all depends on you.

A．This also helps to prevent any neck and back pain.

B．Sleeping on your side is probably the best position

C．Side sleeping would be particularly beneficial for older people.

D．There are more negatives to this position compared to positives.

E．Determining the sleeping position for you is personal preference.

F．Here, this article reveals exactly how your sleep position is affecting your health.

G．This is mostly likely because it is one of the most comfortable sleeping positions.

3 . Much information can be conveyed, purely through our eyes, so the expression “eyes also talk” is often heard.

Can you recall any experience that further proves this statement? On a bus you may quickly glance at a stranger, but not make eye contact. If he senses that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable.

It is the same in daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel angry about other's staring at you that way. Eyes do convey information, right？

Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive. But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex. If a man looks at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to turn away his gaze, his intentions are obvious. That is, he wishes to attract her attention, to make her understand that he is showing affection for her.

However, the normal eye contact for two people engaged in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking, to tell him that he is attentive.

If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking, as if he tries to control you, you will feel uneasy. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim, since he believes the false idea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.

In fact, continuous eye contact happens between lovers only, who will enjoy looking at each other tenderly for a long time, to show love that words cannot express.

Evidently, eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the specific situation.

1. What may a person usually do on a bus?

A．Glance at a stranger with eye contact.	B．Use eyes to talk to a stranger politely.
C．Glance at a stranger without eye contact.	D．Talk to a stranger politely after a quick glance.

2. Why is a poor liar easy to be seen through?

A．He thinks that he is honest.	B．He wants to control the victim.
C．He feels uneasy about others’ eye contact.	D．He looks straight at the victim for too long a time.

3. What does it mean if a man looks at a woman for over 10 seconds?

A．He likes her eyes.	B．He admires her.
C．He knows her well.	D．He makes contact with her.

4. What's the best title of the passage?

A．Eyes Can Also “Talk”	B．How to Make Eye Contact
C．Different Ways of Expressing Thoughts	D．The Importance of Body Language

4 . Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit; most people don't even notice that they're doing it when they sit down. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.

A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You won't feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawn-out increases in blood pressure can cause long-term health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Don't keep your legs crossed.

Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg, explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis (麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle—what we know as that “pins and needles” sensation. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.

So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.

1. What can we learn about crossing one's legs?

A．It is a very bad social habit.

B．It can do harm to people's health.

C．It is usually practiced deliberately.

D．It can make others feel uncomfortable.

2. According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can________.

A．affect your blood pressure	B．resist gravity effectively
C．lead to heart attacks easily	D．improve the function of legs

3. In the third paragraph “pins and needles” probably means________.

A．being highly flexible	B．being a little tired
C．serious muscle injuries	D．slight sharp pains

4. What is the main purpose of the text?

A．To compare common habits.	B．To evaluate effects of an experiment.
C．To give readers some advice.	D．To introduce research methods.

5 . Mark Bertram, 46, lost the tips of two fingers at work in 2018 when his hand became trapped in a fan belt. “It's life-changing but it's not life-ending,” he says. “Doing work is harder now. Everything is just a little different.”

After two surgeries and occupational therapy, Bertram decided to make light of his condition by asking Eric Catalano, a tattoo (纹身) artist, to create fingernail tattoos. The idea made everyone in the studio laugh—until they saw the final result. “The mood changed,” Catalano recalls from his Eternal Ink Tattoo Studio. “Everything turned from funny to wow.”

When Catalano posted a photo of the tattoos, a pair of fingernails that looked so real that no one could believe their eyes, he had no idea the image would eventually be viewed by millions of people around the world.

The viral photo pushed Catalano, 40, further into the world of paramedical (辅助医疗的) tattooing. Now people with life-altering scars come from as far away as Ireland to visit his shop. They enter Eternal Ink looking for the artistic healing they saw online. Using flesh-toned (肉色的) inks and a needle, Catalano transforms his clients' view of themselves.

Leslie Pollan, 32, a dog breeder in Oxford, was bitten on the face by a puppy in 2014. She underwent countless surgeries to correct a scar on her lip.

“Plastic surgery gave me no hope,” she says. “So I looked for other options.” She ultimately traveled six hours to meet with Catalano. He hid Pollan's lip scar, giving her back a piece of her confidence.“ You don't understand until you've been through it,” Pollan says. “It made me have a different look on life.”

Catalano performs up to eight reconstructive tattoos. While he charges $100 per regular tattoo, he doesn't charge for paramedical tattoos. “Financially, it doesn't make sense,” Catalano says. “But every time I see that emotion from my customers, I'm 100 percent sure this is something that I can't stop doing.”

1. What best describes people's attitude when first hearing of fingernail tattoos?

A．Indifferent.	B．Ridiculous.
C．Confident.	D．Surprised.

2. What did Catalano do to help Leslie Pollan?

A．He drew an artistic puppy.

B．He inked scars on her face.

C．He created a lip tattoo.

D．He performed plastic surgeries on her.

3. What can we infer from the passage?

A．Cosmetic surgery is of no use.

B．Tattoos earn Mark Bertram a good fame.

C．Catalano is a kind and generous person.

D．Fingernail tattoos are popular around the world.

4. What could be the best title for the text?

A．A Life-changing Event	B．Miracle Tattoos
C．An Amazing Artist	D．A Promising Business

6 . When we see well, we do not think about our eyes very often. It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.

People who are near-sighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Everything else seems blurry(=unclear). Many people who do a lot of work, such as writing, reading and sewing become near—sighted.

People who are far-sighted suffer from just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length. If they want to do much reading ,they must get glasses, too.

Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. They have what is called astigmatism (散光). This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people’s eyes become cloudy because of cataracts (白内障). Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.

Having two good eyes is important for judging distances. Each eye sees things from a slightly different angle. To prove this to yourself, look at an object our of one eye; then look at the same object out of your other eye. You will find the object’s relation to the background and other things around it has changed. The difference between these two different eye views helps us to judge how far away an object is. People who have only one eye cannot judge distance as people with two eyes.

1. We should take good care of our eyes ________.

A．only when we can see well

B．only when we cannot see perfectly

C．even if we can see well

D．only when we realize how important our eyes are

2. When things far away seem indistinct(模糊不清) , one is probably ________.

A．near-sighted	B．far-sighted
C．astigmatic	D．suffering from cataracts

3. Having two eyes instead of one is particularly useful for ________.

A．seeing at night	B．seeing objects far away
C．looking over a wide area	D．judging distances

4. People who suffer from astigmatism have ________.

A．one eye bigger than the other

B．eyes that are not exactly the right shape

C．a difficulty that can be corrected by an operation

D．an eye difficulty that cannot be corrected by glasses

7 . Have you ever said to a friend “That rose’s smell is really sweet!”, only to find that your friend can’t smell anything at all?

According to a study published in the journal PNAS in May, people have different abilities to recognize certain odors (气味) — and it’s linked to different genes.

For the study, 300 people were placed among 150 jars with different odors. At a given time, they had to smell an odor and then rate the intensity (强度) and pleasantness of the odor on a scale from 1 (extremely weak/unpleasant) to 7 (extremely strong/pleasant). Before they left, the participants needed to leave a blood sample.

After comparing genes of the participants, researchers found all had different smelling abilities and that the differences between these abilities could be traced to certain genes.

According to The New York Times, human beings have nearly 400 genes that directly control receptors (器官) and influence the way these receptors become active.

“Odors ... turn on specific receptors, which then tells us if we’re smelling a flower, how strong we find it, and whether we like it,” said Casey Trimmer, a geneticist and the lead author of the study. “One small change in the gene for the receptor can change its shape and how well the odor fits, thereby changing the awareness of the odor.”

Though genes play a decisive role in our ability to smell, other factors, including attention, past associations and expectations, are important as well. For example, if we love the smell of roses, we are drawn to their smell and pay special attention to it.

But what does our different abilities to sense odors mean?

“Smelling is the most important sense for the rest of the animal kingdom,” said Trimmer. Although, unlike other animals, humans aren’t any longer dependent on their sense of smell to find food or detect danger, smell is still a significant sense. There is also evidence that a reduced sense of smell is an early symptom of Alzheimer’s disease.

1. What did the study find about smelling?

A．Men and women have different smelling abilities.

B．Differences between smelling abilities lie in genes.

C．People’s abilities to smell change over time.

D．Human beings can tell 150 odors apart.

2. What can we learn from Casey Trimmer’s words?

A．Our receptors won’t work when we smell an unpleasant smell.

B．People’s preferences for smells can affect their health.

C．Small changes in genes for smelling make a difference.

D．The sense of smell is the most important human sense.

3. Which might influence our smelling ability according to the text?

A．Past experiences.	B．The environment.
C．Other senses.	D．The cultural belief.

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Man has a better sense of smell than animals.

B．Man can use their sense of smell to detect danger.

C．The loss of smelling causes many health problems.

D．Poor smelling ability may be a signal of early disease.

8 . Many of us don't pay much attention to the importance of eye care．It is said that if you take care of your body, then you can surely be healthy. That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care．Natural eye care should be put in a number one place．

There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like having not enough food，genes（基因）and aging（老化）．Televisions，computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight．If you happen to work in front of the computer，it is best to take a break every once in a while．Something dirty can cause redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes，too．If this happens，the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water. You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things. For example，sunglasses are not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays．

Eating healthy food will do good to your eyesight. Remember that vitamins A，C and E are good for eyes．Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins．And you should do eye exercises which can protect your eyesight，too．If a person exercises regularly（定期地）and eats the right kind of food，his eyes will stay in good condition for a long time．

All above are natural ways of eye care that help us to keep healthy eyes．Being happy all the time can be helpful to a person's eyesight，too．In a word，eye care is very important，no matter how old a person is．

1. ______ is the most important way to protect our eyes．

A．Natural eye care	B．Taking medicine
C．Seeing the doctor	D．Being happy all the time

2. All the following causes can lead to bad eyesight EXCEPT ______ ．

A．aging	B．height
C．reading	D．computers

3. What should you do if you have to work in front of the computer？ ______

A．Eat healthy food．

B．Clean the eyes by using cold water．

C．Wear a pair of sunglasses．

D．Have a rest after working for a while．

4. Which is the best title of the passage？ ______

A．Ways of Eye Care	B．Ways of Eye Exercises
C．Ways of Being Happy	D．Ways of Being Healthy．

9 . One of the most firmly established idea of manliness(男子汉) is that a real man doesn’t cry. Although he might cry a bit at a funeral, he is expected to quickly regain control. Crying openly is for girls. One study found that women cry significantly more than men do—five times as often, on average, and almost twice as long per period.

Historically, however, men usually cried, and no one saw it as shameful. For example, in the Middle Ages, knights(骑士) cried only because they missed their girlfriends. In The Knight of the Cart, no less a hero than Lancelot cries at a brief separation from Guinevere. There’s no mention of the men in these stories trying to hold back or hide their tears. They cry in a crowded hall with their heads held high. Nor do other people make fun of this public crying; it’s universally regarded as an expression of feeling to show love.

So where did all the male tears go? The most obvious possibility is that this is the result of changes as we moved from an agricultural(农业的) society to one that was urban(城市的)and industrial(工业的). In the Middle Ages, most people spent their lives among those they had known since birth. If men cried, they did so with people who would sympathize(同情). But from the 18^th to 20^th centuries, the population became increasingly urbanize, and people were living in the midst of thousands of strangers. Furthermore, changes in the economy required men to work together in factories and offices where expressions of feelings and even personal conversations were discouraged as time wasting.

Yet human beings weren’t designed to hide their feelings, and there’s reason to believe that restraining tears can be harmful to your well-being. Research from the 1980s has suggested a relationship between stress-related illnesses and not enough crying. Crying is also, somewhat related with happiness and wealth. Countries where people cry the most tend to be richer and more confident.

1. In history, people considered it ________ for men to cry in public.

A．manly

B．shameful

C．acceptable

D．funny

2. How does the author answer the question raised in paragraph 3?

A．By offering descriptions.	B．By asking questions.
C．By comparing facts.	D．By listing numbers.

3. Who is likely to be healthier according to the passage?

A．Tony who lives alone and never expresses himself.

B．Peter who is outgoing but sometimes cries in public.

C．Arthur who is under great stress but never shed a tear.

D．Adam who sometimes cries but quickly regain control.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Men Don’t Cry. Why?	B．Crying Is for Women
C．Who Cry More? Men or Women?	D．Crying Makes a Weak Man

10 . Protecting your eyesight is one of the most important things you can do to help maintain your quality of life.     1     Consider these simple guidelines:

Protect your eyes from harmful UV(紫外线的) light. When you stay outdoors during daytime, always wear sunglasses that protect your eyes from 100 percent of the sun’s harmful UV rays.     2    

Look for warning signs of changes in your vision.     3    Some trouble signs to look for are double vision, hazy (模糊的) vision and having difficulty seeing in low light conditions. Other signs and symptoms of potentially serious eye problems that require immediate attention include red eyes, frequent flashes of light, eye pain and swelling.

    4     A comprehensive eye exam, including enlarging your pupils (瞳孔), can determine your risk for major eye diseases that have no early warning signs or symptoms. An eye exam also can make sure that your prescription for eyeglasses or contact lenses (隐形眼镜) is up to date.

    5     But keeping a healthy lifestyle and having regular eye exams will certainly decrease your risk of developing a sight-stealing eye problem that otherwise might have prevented.

A．This may help reduce your risk of cataracts(白内障) and other problems.

B．Test your eyesight for free in an online eye exam.

C．In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is.

D．With a little careful and loving care, you can keep your eyes healthy as you age.

E．Get your eyes checked at least every two years.

F．It’s true that following these steps is no guarantee of perfect vision through your lifetime.

G．If you start noticing changes in your vision, see your eye doctor immediately.