1 . Be at your best!

What does your brain need to work well? Here are some things it needs.

Good food

Experts say that breakfast is much more important than any other meal.     1    . So don’t miss breakfast—especially before an exam! But you need to eat a good breakfast—junk food won’t work.

A regular supply of energy

Your brain needs a regular supply of energy, so you need to eat carbohydrates (碳水化合物). They’re found in bread, rice, pasta and beans.     2    . They work more quickly than bread and rice, so they give you a short burst (爆发) of energy, but afterwards you feel more tired.

A continuous supply of oxygen (氧气)

Your brain needs oxygen, which it gets from exercise.     3    . You also need a good supply of iron because iron helps your blood to carry oxygen round your body.

Water

    4    . Not getting enough water will stop your brain from working well. And remember, water isn’t as expensive as sweet drinks!

    5    

Your brain needs several hours’ sleep, so it can ‘update’ itself, just like a computer. Experts say that when you study for a test or an exam, you should get some sleep as quickly as possible after you’ve finished studying. This helps you to remember what you’ve learned.

A．A short break

B．A good night’s sleep

C．It works best in the morning.

D．Exercise improves your memory too.

E．Water is much better than sweet drinks.

F．Your brain works better when you have eaten.

G．Chocolate, biscuits and sweets are not good for your brain.

2 . Most of us learned what we know about eye color from a chart in grade-school biology. You know two blue-eyed parents are going to have blue-eyed kids. But the story of how eye color is passed down is more complicated（复杂的) than we’re taught.

Humans get their eye color from melanin（黑色素）, which also determines skin and hair shades. Melanin is good at absorbing light, which is especially important for the iris（虹膜）, the function of which is to control how much brightness can enter the eyes. Once it passes through the irises, the majority of the visible light goes to the retina（视网膜）, where it’s translated into images by the brain. The little that isn’t absorbed by the iris is reflected back, producing what we see as eye color. That color depends on the kind and amount of melanin a person is born with.

Though we used to think eye color just came from a simple pattern of inheritance （遗传）, in recent years scientists have found that it’s also shaped by many genes acting together. What’s more, tiny changes, or mutations（突变）, in a gene can result in different shades in the iris.

The two genes currently thought to be most strongly linked with human eye color are OCA2 and HERC2. OCA2, the gene we used to think was the only player in eye color, controls the production of the P-protein and the organelles that make and transport melanin. Different mutations in the OCA2 gene increase or decrease the amount of protein that’s produced in the body, changing how much melanin is sent to the irises. The HERC2 gene, meanwhile, acts like a helicopter parent （直升机父母） for OCA2. Different mutations in this gene act as a switch that turns OCA2 on and off and determines how much P-protein it produces.

Those are just the two genes we know about in detail so far. Newer studies have linked as many as 16 genes to eye color, all of which pair with OCA2 and HERC2 to generate different iris colors and patterns. With all these genes and their structural changes, it’s hard to say for sure what a child’s eye color will be based on their parents’.

1. Which of the following shows how light reaches the brain?

A．The irises→ melanin→ the brain.

B．The retina→ melanin→ the brain.

C．The irises→ the retina→ the brain.

D．The retina- the irises -the brain.

2. What’s the connection between OCA2 and HERC2 according to the text?

A．OCA2 is controlled by HERC2.

B．OCA2 can be changed into HERC2

C．Both can make and transport melanin

D．Both are the cause of mutations in genes.

3. Which of the following can determine a person’s eye color?

A．Different colors received by the retina.

B．A lot of genes as well as their mutations

C．The amount of protein the person has in his or her body.

D．OCA2 and how much melanin it produces and transports.

4. What does the text mainly discuss?

A．Whether the melanin plays a key role in mutations.

B．Whether oCA2 and HERC2 can influence each other.

C．Whether melanin results in different shades in the iris.

D．Whether your eye color just comes from your parents.

3 . What’s wrong with the man?

A．He has bad eyesight.

B．He has a headache.

C．He feels dizzy.

4 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When talking about our bodies, we often forget our skin. Actually, our skin is very important, too. It keeps us    1    (inform)of the outside world--    2    it is hot or cold, wet or dry.

Try this: pull up the skin from the back of your hand and then let     3    go. What happens?

The skin goes back to its first position, which means that skin is elastic (有弹性的).

Our skin seems to be very thin, but it     4       (make) up of two layers. The top layer is the one we wash every day. Do you know that this part of skin is dead? However, it is still very important because it serves as    5     (protect) against dirt and disease.

Skin has millions of tiny holes called pores(毛孔). Pores allow liquid, especially sweat,    6    (pass)through. By    7     (sweat), our bodies keep up a normal temperature. When it is very hot, we sweat a lot, but    8    (strange) enough, when it is quite cool, we also sweat. On a cool day, our bodies produce     9    average of 700 ml of sweat. That is    10    (much) than 0.5 kilos.

5 . Losing a baby tooth can be fun for a kid. You can put it under your pillow and look forward to finding some money there in the morning. And then you can watch your new permanent(永恒的）tooth grow in its place.

But if a permanent tooth falls out, that's a problem. There isn't another one under the gum（齿龈）that can replace it. Unfortunately, this happens to some older people. And if permanent teeth fall out or need to be pulled, an older person might need dentures.

Dentures,known as false teeth, are a set of replacement teeth for any teeth that are missing.

There are partial dentures, which take the place of only a few teeth and prevent the others from changing position. If all the teeth are gone, the person would need complete dentures,which replace every tooth in the mouth.

Dentures can cause pains at first but take little time to get used to.They also need special care. They should be brushed daily with a special denture brush and cleanser and soaked(浸泡） in denture solution when not in the mouth.

Dentures are important for the old because, without teeth, it's hard to smile, talk, and eat properly. But it can be a little weird if you see someone take out his or her dentures. It can also be strange to see someone, like a grandparent, without dentures in because he or she won't have any teeth. Try not to make fun of the person because this could cause hurt feelings.

People usually lose their permanent teeth due to periodontal disease (牙周炎）， or gum disease, which is caused by bacteria that attack the gums. Diseased gums aren't strong and healthy, so teeth can get loose and fall out. Older people often have many cavities (洞） that have been filled over the years, and these fillings can weaken over time, leading to more tooth problems.

1. If one of your baby teeth falls out, you_______

A．should have a false tooth fixed in its place

B．will gain a permanent tooth in future.

C．have to put it under your pillow at once

D．can exchange it for some money

2. A person wearing dentures_________

A．will experience unpleasant feelings at the beginning

B．will spend a very long time adjusting himself or herself to them

C．should brush them with a special denture brush every few days

D．should use denture solution to soak them in his or her mouth

3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Partial dentures can prevent the remaining teeth from changing position.

B．Old people will find it hard to smile, talk, and eat properly without teeth.

C．A person's teeth will possibly get loose if diseases strike his gums.

D．It is hard for a person to wear dentures if all his teeth have fallen out.

4. What does the underlined word "weird" mean in the fifth paragraph?

A．inconvenient

B．excited

C．strange

D．impolite

6 . What does the woman suggest the man do?

A．Rest at home.

B．Go outdoors.

C．Watch a football match.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Smell is an important sense.Certain smells can help you look back     1    a memory. Other smells,like smoke from a fire,can warn you of danger.When you can't smell things you enjoy,like your morning coffee or spring     2    (flower),life may seem boring.

As you get older,your sense of smell may fade.Your sense of smell is     3    (close) Connected with your sense of taste.When you can't smell,food may be     4    (taste).You may even lose interest in     5    (eat).

Many problems cause a loss of smell     6    lasts for a short time.This short-time loss of smell may be due to a cold,certain cancer treatments or a harmless growth in the nose.Some things can cause       7    long-lasting loss of smell.A head     8    (injure),for example,can damage the nerves(神经）in association with smell.Sometimes,losing your sense of smell may be a sign of a much     9    (serious)disorder,such as Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease.Be sure     10    (tell)your doctor about any change in your sense of smell.

8 . Researchers from Pennsylvania University suggest that loud snoring can be caused by having a fat tongue. Scientists have long known that losing weight can help the condition, but now they know why. It explains why losing weight reduces the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停).

Improved symptoms are linked to slimming down the unexpected part of the body - opening the door to better treatments. Professor Richard Schwab, chief of sleep medicine at Pennsylvania University, said: "Most clinicians, and even experts in the sleep apnoea world, have not typically focused on fat in the tongue for treating sleep apnoea."Having a large neck was previously believed to be the culprit(引起问题的事物). Prof Schwab said: "Now we know tongue fat is a risk factor and sleep apnoea improves when tongue fat is reduced, we have established a unique therapeutic target that we've never had before.

In sleep apnoea the airways become blocked - leading to snoring . It blights the lives of four and two percent of middle aged men and women, respectively, in the UK. Long term, sleep apnoea is linked with a number of chronic diseases, including high blood pressure , heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke and depression.

Analyzing MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans of the throat and nose of obese patients, the researchers found reducing tongue fat is the key. They found that a reduction in tongue fat volume was the key factor. Weight loss also resulted in a smaller pterygoid - the jaw muscle that controls chewing. This is irrespective of whether they appear to fall into the typical "high-risk" obese categories, said Prof Schwab.

He added: "Primary care doctors, and perhaps even dentists, should be asking about snoring and sleepiness in all patients, even those who have a normal body mass index, as, based on our data, they may also be at risk for sleep apnoea."

Twenty-two million Americans suffer from sleep apnoea, in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts, causing patients to wake up randomly throughout their sleep cycles. One of the recommended treatments is CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure), which has been free on the NHS since March 2008.

1. What can we learn from Prof Schwab?

A．People with high tongue fat must be at high risk of obesity.

B．Sleep apnea improves when tongue fat is reduced.

C．Patients with a normal body mass index won’t develop sleep apnea.

D．Most clinicians focus on the fat on the tongue to treat sleep apnea.

2. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?

A．The shape of tongue fat.

B．The harm of tongue fat.

C．The feature of tongue fat.

D．The cause of tongue fat.

3. What does the underlined word “blight” in the third paragraph most probably mean?

A．harm	B．affect
C．benefit	D．cost

9 . 前段时间，由于传染病原因上网课，很多学生用眼过度，视力下降很快。假如你是扬州中学的学生李华，请你用英文向全校同学发起以”爱护眼睛”为主题的倡议书，内容包括:
1. 用眼存在的问题；
2. 爱护眼睛的意义；
3. 提出倡议。
注意：词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.参考词汇：传染病epidemic
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10 . 假定英语课上英语老师要求同桌之间交换作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词增加，删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Senses play important role in our daily lives. Sometimes, the five senses that we have effect one another. When one of the senses fails, other senses become more stronger. For example, blind people can read and write by Braille, a system with patterns of six raised dots represent each letter.   Besides, they could get across the road without help in a foggy day.

In fact, scientists have observed what we are more possible to be healthier if we make the most of our senses. Fortunately, our sense of sight is used too much while our senses of touch and smell have been ignored. So it is strongly suggested that one develops his all five senses.