1 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fil in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

A Courageous and Pioneering Woman

Charlote Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age of 5 with her family. While    1     (take) care of her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had an interest in medicine. At 18 she married and started a family. Several years later, Charlote said she wanted to be a doctor. Her husband supported her decision. Unfortunately, Canadian medical schools did not accept women students at the time. Therefore, Charlote went to the United States    2     (study) medicine at the Women’s Medical College in Philadelphia.    3    took her five years to earn her medical degree.

Upon graduation, Charlote returned to Montreal and set up a private clinic. Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba,    4    she was once again a busy doctor. Many of her patients were from the nearby timber and railway camps. Charlote found herself operating on damaged limbs and setting broken bones, besides    5     (deliver) all the babies in the area.

But Charlote had been practising without a license. She had applied for a doctor’s license in both Montreal and Winnipeg,    6    she was refused. The Manitoba College of Medicines,    7     all-male organization, wanted her to complete her studies at a Canadian medical college! Charlotte refused to leave her patients to spend time studying    8    she already knew. So in 1887, she appealed to the Manitoba Legislature to issue a license to her but they, too, refused. Charlotte continued to practise    9    a license until 1912. She died four years later at the age of 73.

In 1993, 77 years after her death, a medical license was issued to Charlotte. This decision       10     (make) by the Manitoba Legislature to honour “this courageous and pioneering woman”.

2 . Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Florence Nightingale and the Year of Nurse

The World Health Organization has made 2020 as the "Year of the Nurse", marking 200 years since the birth of Florence Nightingale, who established the principles of modern nursing and hospital sanitation（卫生设备）. If she should drop in on a hospital today, Nightingale would be thrilled     1     （witness） the progress in nursing since her day﹣and how it is ready to change in the years to come.

In 1860, Nightingale founded the first nursing school at a hospital in London,     2     she wrote some 200 books and papers. She was one of the first women that     3     （admit） to the Royal Statistical Society, for her pioneering work in statistical infographics. While     4    （tend） to British soldiers in the Crimean War, she made the case for hospital sanitation using a variation of the pie chart, entitled "Diagram of the Causes of Mortality in the Army in the East", to show that more soldiers died from infections than from injuries. She drew up the chart to "affect through the eyes     5     we may fail to convey to the brains of the public through their word﹣proof ears". In what became known as a Coxcomb diagram， each slice of the pie has the same angular width（角宽） and an area representing the amount in a given category （such as number of dead men）.

Many, if not most, people today think nurses merely acquire a     6     （comprehensive） set of skills on the ward than doctors, much like it was back in Nightingale's time. In fact， nurses have university degrees and there are doctorate﹣level studies in nursing. Like doctors, nurses     7     （specialize） in a wide range of clinical disciplines, such as Accident & Emergency.    8     is the pace of innovation in nursing that some issues of American Nurse Today, a monthly journal, run more than 70 pages.

    9     diagnostic systems and surgical robots advance, nursing may be the only aspect of the health﹣care profession in which machines will not replace human beings. Even though nursing is shaped by medical science and technology, as it has been since Nightingale's time, its healing powers remain     10     （root） in empathy and a human touch.