1 . After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf — grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
1. What is the text mainly about?A.Wildlife research in the United States. |
B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area. |
C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves. |
D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park. |
A.Damage to local ecology. |
B.Preservation of vegetation. |
C.A decline in the park’s income. |
D.An increase in the variety of animals. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Uncaring. | C.Positive. | D.Disapproving. |
2 . In a study, published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, a team of French researchers at the University of Sorbonne Paris North demonstrated that ants have the potential to act as early stage cancer detectors.
“We knew that ants can be easily trained,” Baptiste Piqueret, who led the study, said. “Furthermore, they have an efficient sense of smell. We then combined these two abilities and tested whether ants were able to detect the smell of cancer or not.”
Tumor (肿瘤) cells produce specific chemical compounds that allow them to be distinguished from healthy tissues. These are known as cancer biomarkers. Animals can be trained to sniff out (嗅出) these chemicals and thus identify when a patient has cancer.
In the present study, worker ants of the species Formica fusca — commonly known as the silky ant —were trained to recognize cancer biomarkers of an extremely aggressive human breast cancer. The urine (尿液)of mice carrying these tumors was collected and presented to the trained ants, alongside urine from tumor — free mice.
After just three rounds of training, where the ants learned to associate the smell of cancer biomarkers with a sugary treat, they spent approximately 20 percent more time near the urine from the tumor - bearing mice than the urine from those who were tumor-free.
In the past, dogs and mice have also been shown to sniff out cancers. But ants would provide a particularly attractive alternative as they are relatively easy to keep, they don't require expensive rearing (饲养) facilities, and it appears that they can be trained to recognize specific odors in relatively few trials.
1. What does the underlined phrase “two abilities” in paragraph 2 refer to?① Ants are cheap to buy. ② Ants can be easily trained.
③ Ants have a good sense of smell. ④ Ants are available all over the world.
A.①② | B.②③ | C.③④ | D.①④ |
A.They are different in size. | B.They are different in color. |
C.They are different in smell. | D.They are different in quantity. |
A.By doing experiments. | B.By quoting others’ research. |
C.By collecting published data. | D.By doing online questionnaires. |
A.To indicate the new trend of medical research. |
B.To list the achievements made by the researchers. |
C.To show the advantages of ants as cancer detectors. |
D.To explain how to train other animals to serve people. |
3 . A new study has found that all dogs have different personalities—even dogs of the same breed(品种).
Elinor Karlsson studies genetics at the University of Massachusetts. She co-wrote a report about the study, which appeared recently in the publication Science.
Karlsson said, “Every dog really is an individual,” noting that there is “a huge amount of difference” even between dogs that look the same.
At a New York dog park, dog owners talked about the different characteristics of their pets. Elizabeth Kelly owns an English springer spaniel. She called her dog friendly, but also “kind of the queen bee.” In other words, her dog likes to act like it is in charge of other dogs. Suly described her yellow Labrador as “calm, lazy and shy.”
The idea of dog breeds is quite recent. Around 160 years ago, humans began to breed dogs to have certain physical qualities, such as fur, color and ear shape.
Karlsson said her aim was to learn how much a dog’s breed affects their behavior. The answer? Breed does not decide an individual dog’s personality.
Karlsson’s team gathered information from 18,000 dog owners and studied the genetic code of over 2,000 dogs. The researchers found that some qualities are based on genetics. However, it is not sure that two dogs of the same breed will behave in the same way.
For example, huskies and beagles, may be more likely to howl—or make a long, loud barking sound. But many of these dogs do not howl, as owner observations showed.
1. What do we know about Karlsson’s report?A.She wrote it by herself. |
B.It was published in Science. |
C.She finished it after graduation. |
D.It is of little value to her study. |
A.A bee that behaves busily. |
B.A dog whose name is Queen. |
C.A bee that serves the whole group. |
D.A dog acting as if it is the most important. |
A.To help dog owners learn about their dogs better. |
B.To prove dog breeds determine their personalities. |
C.To study the relationship between dog breeds and behaviors. |
D.To show different dogs have different personalities. |
A.All the dogs can make a long, loud barking. |
B.Dogs of the same breed can behave differently. |
C.Dogs’ owners may observe their pets carelessly. |
D.Huskies and beagles are not the same dog breed. |
Horses are picky eaters
Horses have an even better sense of smell than humans do. When horses raise their noses and open their nostrils (鼻孔), their nervous system allows them to sense smells we can’t sense. This might explain why they refuse dirty water and carefully move around meadows, eating only the tastiest grasses, experts say.
Whale says thanks
In 2018, a whale expert spotted a humpback whale trapped in a fishing net and spent an hour freeing it. Afterward, in an hour-long display of thanks, the whale swam near their boat and leaped into the air about 40 times.
Pandas like to be naughty
Is there anything more lovely than a baby panda, except maybe a human baby? In fact, baby pandas sometimes behave like human babies. They sleep in the same positions and value their thumbs. Pandas are shy by nature for its shy behaviors such as covering its face with a paw or ducking its head when confronted by a stranger.
A cat honors its owner
Paper towels, and a plastic cup are just a few of the gifts that Toldo, a devoted three-year-old gray-and-white cat, has placed on his former owner Iozzelli Renzo’s grave every day since the man died in September 2018. Renzo adopted Toldo from a shelter when the cat was three months old, and the two formed an inseparable bond. After Renzo passed away, Toldo followed the coffin to the cemetery, and now “stands guard” the grave for hours at a time.
1. What can horses do to pick delicious grasses?A.Feel them. |
B.Taste them. |
C.Smell them. |
D.Observe them. |
A.They are clever. |
B.They have a grateful heart. |
C.They are active and lovely. |
D.They have a good sense of smell. |
A.The whale |
B.The cat. |
C.The horse. |
D.The panda. |
5 . Everybody hates rats. But in the earthquake capitals of the world—Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey—rats will soon be man’s new best friends.
What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs. Why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can’t get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat.
How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. When this happens, the rat’s brain gives a signal(信号). This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat’s brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person. Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. Christian Linster at Cornell University—New York says, “Robots’ noses don’t work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.” Rats can also see in the dark. They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don’t need electricity!
The “rat project” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says, “It would be fantastic. A rat could get into spaces we couldn’t get to and a rat would get out if it wasn’t safe.” Perhaps for the first time in history,people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake, of course).
1. In the world earthquake capitals, rats will become man’s best friends because they can ________.A.take the place of man’s rescue jobs |
B.find the position of people alive who are trapped in buildings |
C.serve as food for people alive who are trapped in buildings |
D.get into small spaces |
A.the noise made by the rat |
B.the rat’s unusual behavior |
C.the signal sent by the radio on the rat’s back |
D.the smell given off by the person |
A.rats smell better than dogs |
B.dogs don’t need to be trained to smell people |
C.robots’ sense of smell can be affected by other smells around |
D.rats can see in the dark and smaller than robots |
A.they are more fantastic than other animals |
B.they are less expensive to train than dogs |
C.they don’t need electricity |
D.they are small and can get into small places |
A.at present rats have taken the place of dogs in searching for people |
B.the “rat project” has been completed |
C.people are now happy to see a rat in a building |
D.now people still use dogs and robots in performing rescues |
6 . Elephants might be the most well-known and well-loved animal in African wildlife. But conservation (保护) of the African elephant still faces special difficulties. While the elephant population is half of what it was 40 years ago, some areas of Africa have more elephants than populated areas can support. That’s why AWF scientists are studying elephant behavior, protecting habitats and finding ways for humans to live peacefully with elephants in Africa.
Years ago, overhunting and the ivory trade were the biggest threats to elephants’ survival. Luckily, ivory bans (禁令), hunting rules and protected areas protect elephants from these dangers today.
The 21st century brings a different challenge to elephant conservation—land-use. Elephants walk across borders and outside parks and other protected areas. So they often destroy crops, causing conflicts (冲突) between local farmers and these big animals.
Successful conservation strategies must allow elephants to walk freely in their natural habitats while reducing conflicts between elephants and local people.
AWF researchers are searching for a way to give both elephants and people the space they need. The AWF is collecting information on elephant habitats and behavior. The information they gather will help to develop the widest possible space for elephants.
The AWF is helping elephants by protecting their habitats. And they also work with local farmers to improve their life in order to encourage them to protect rather than destroy elephants.
1. The first paragraph of the text is mainly to tell readers ________.A.African elephants are endangered now. |
B.there remains a lot to do to protect African elephants. |
C.African elephants are popular animals. |
D.the number of African elephants has increased over the years. |
A.They are still being killed. |
B.Their habitats are being destroyed. |
C.They don’t have enough food. |
D.They can’t live in peace with farmers. |
A.feeding elephants | B.protecting elephants’ habitats |
C.doing research on elephants | D.helping farmers improve their life |
A.Overhunting and the ivory trade were the biggest threat to elephants’ survival. | B.AWF scientists are doing researching on farmer. |
C.It’s no challenge to protect elephant conservation | D.Now African elephants are safe. |
New Yorkers were shocked in early December when a creature as big as a school bus
Scientists say NYC0089, which hasn't been spotted in several weeks, has likely returned to deeper waters south of the Hudson. Still, the
“With these numbers increasing
Scientists say the
“Seeing more whales in this area is a sign
8 . In Northwestern Italy, rice farms are employing bats. Bats are the foremost known predators of insects that are active at night, including several pests that can be found in rice fields. "The idea is that what is needed to achieve sustainable food production is what we already have, but has been ignored for a decade," says Laura Garzoli, 2017 winner of BCFN Young Earth Solutions.
“It has been predicted that, globally, 50 percent of pest species have become pests because chemicals killed their natural predators. There is no sustainability in the long term if there are no conservation efforts,” says Garzoli.
Since 2017, Garzoli, along with colleagues from the National Research Council has fixed 60 artificial bat roosts in three rice fields in Northwestern Italy. Now, they are collecting bats’ waste to analyze their diets at these sites and to gain insight into the insects living in these areas.
“In Italy, there are 34 bat species, each feeding on a variety of insects —each bat species has its preferred insect snack,”—says Garzoli. Bats can eat up to one-third of their body weight each night, which means they can consume thousands of insects per night. They are also flying hunters — they can prey on new non-native pest species.
Garzoli is committed to developing an awareness of the importance of bats in the ecosystem. "Their usefulness has been acknowledged in several countries — not only do they contribute to protecting crops, but they are important pollinators. Bats still get bad press in the news, in particular concerning the spreading of virus diseases, says Garzoli to Food Tank. She explains, "Many bat species are nowadays facing the risk of extinction.”
Garzoli is also drafting a best practice guide for farmers outlining habitat management techniques for sustainable production.
1. Why do some species become pests according to Garzoli?A.Their habitats are endangered. | B.Ineffective chemicals are widely used. |
C.Their natural enemies die off. | D.People are unaware of their danger. |
A.Bats' ability to manage insects. | B.The variety of bats’ diets. |
C.The risk of increasing foreign pests. | D.The condition of bat roosts. |
A.An increase in unknown diseases. | B.The introduction of new crops. |
C.Their poor adaptability to artificial homes. | D.People's misunderstanding of them. |
A.Turn waste into treasure | B.Say yes to bats |
C.Applaud BCFN Young Earth Solutions | D.Unlock the secrets of rice farms |
9 . “Why do birds sing?”I ask a group of children."To attract metes(配偶)!"answered a boy. A 4-year-old girl added shyly,"Birds sing because they are happy, and they want to make us happy, too."I think both answers are probably true in a way. If birds sing happily, it shows all is well in the forest: no predators(捕食者)are present, and the birds can feed, sing and do other bird things.The sound of a relaxed robin singing is easy to understand because it make us feel this way too-it's a sound that lifts our own hearts when we hear it.
What happens when a predator comes into their areas? The nearby birds quickly give an alarm(警报)call, a short sound that warms, "Danger is coming!" On hearing the sound, the other birds stop singing and fly for cover ,the deer lift their heads and stop moving and the rabbits run into the bushes. Suddenly, the forest becomes silent.
When humans walk through the woods in a hurry or while walking with a friend, we don't see much wildlife. We may think that there aren't many animals living there, but more likely, they know we are coming and hide minutes before our arrival. But if we learn to avoid setting off alarms, we can see many more wild animals without frightening them. To practice, find a place in a park and sit quietly for an hour. Take notes as the birds begin to relax and sing again. When I do this, I am always surprised at the wonderful thing animals will do when humans simply stay still long enough.
1. In the writer's opinion, the children's answers to his question are ________.A.funny | B.reasonable | C.honest | D.important |
A.run quickly into the bushes | B.stand still with its head up |
C.lie down on the ground at once | D.act as if nothing has happened |
A.Because we come at the wrong time. | B.Because we fail to give warnings. |
C.Because we have set off alarms. | D.Because few animals live there. |
A.advise people to enjoy the songs of birds |
B.ask people to learn something about birds |
C.tell people how to protect birds in wild |
D.show people how and when birds sing |
A.The life of the birds. | B.Birds in the forest. |
C.How birds sing in the forest. | D.The messages in bird's singing. |
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号,并在其下面写出增加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线“\”划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
If you had lived long ago, we would have heard many different story about the dangerous wolf.According to most stories, hunger wolves often kill people for food. Even today, the stories of the “big bad wolf'” will not disappear. But the fact is that wolves are afraid people, and they seldom travel in areas when there is a human smell. When wolves eat another animals, they usually kill the very young, or a sick and injured. The strongest survived. No kind of animal would have survived through the centuries whether the weak members had been lived. That has always been a law of nature.