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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了除地球外的其他“系外行星”并介绍了人类为了寻找与地球相似的行星所做出的努力。

1 . It took humans thousands of years to understand our own planet, and centuries _______ our neighboring planets. Nowadays, new worlds are being _______ every week.

Up to the present time, astronomers have _______ more than 370 “exoplanets”—planets orbiting (绕……运动) outer space stars (恒星) other than our sun. There is a “hot Saturn (土星)” 260 light-years from Earth that orbits its parent star so _______ that a year there lasts less than three days. _______ another star 150 light-years out is a burning “hot Jupiter (木星),” where upper atmosphere (大气层) is being burning to form a huge comet-like tail. Astronomers have found another three _______ orbiting a pulsar (脉冲星)—the remains of a once huge star shrinking (收缩) into a small atomic nucleus the _______ of a city. Some planets have obviously fallen into their suns. Others have been thrown out of their _______ to become “floaters” that float in the darkness of the universe.

Among all these, scientists are eager to find a clue of the _______: planets like the Earth. That is, planets orbiting their stars at just the right distance—neither too hot nor too cold—to ________ life as we know it. We have not yet found planets that are quite like our own, ________ because they’re inconspicuous (不起眼的). To see a planet as ________ and slim as ours among the brightness of its star is like trying to see a firefly in a fireworks display.   ________ by pushing technology to the ________, astronomers are rapidly approaching the day when they can find another Earth. And when they do, they can examine it for ________ of life.

1.
A.exploreB.separateC.forgetD.defend
2.
A.revisedB.discoveredC.savedD.created
3.
A.travelledB.damagedC.recognizedD.ignored
4.
A.slowlyB.easilyC.wronglyD.rapidly
5.
A.RemovingB.CirclingC.LightingD.Showing
6.
A.starsB.moonsC.planetsD.satellites
7.
A.typeB.distanceC.powerD.size
8.
A.authoritiesB.speciesC.systemsD.facilities
9.
A.familiarB.previousC.unknownD.distant
10.
A.hideB.discoverC.injureD.support
11.
A.luckilyB.instantlyC.probablyD.officially
12.
A.smallB.brightC.blueD.clear
13.
A.AndB.YetC.SoD.Thus
14.
A.limitsB.endsC.oppositesD.beginnings
15.
A.examplesB.designsC.meansD.signs
2022-04-21更新 | 391次组卷 | 3卷引用:吉林省长春外国语学校2022-2023学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题
语法填空-短文语填(约170词) | 适中(0.65) |
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2 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China's Chang'e 5 mission     1     (successful) delivered samples of moon rocks and dust to Earth on December 17, 2020. It marks     2     first time in 44 years that moon rocks have been brought back to our planet.

The sample capsule landed in Inner Mongolia     3     a little after 2:00 a.m. Thursday local time. The drop-off was the ending of a 23-day mission that began on November 23,     4     China sent up Chang'e 5 from a site on Hainan Island. The mission's goal was     5     (collect) at least four pounds of material and bring it back to Earth.

The material collected by Chang'e 5 was from a site in the northwest region of the moon's near side. This area was formed more recently, and the rocks here     6     (think) to be only about 1.2 billion years old now. That means scientists     7     (study) the material could learn more about the     8     (evolve) of the moon.

Although Chang'e 5 was a short mission, it was one of     9     (complex) projects undertaken by the Chinese space program so far. The country is far from done with the moon---Chang'e 6,     10     (it) second lunar sample return, is ready to launch in 2023 or 2024.

2021-01-11更新 | 557次组卷 | 6卷引用:吉林省长春外国语学校2020-2021学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选(约380词) | 适中(0.65) |
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3 . When the Chinese spacecraft Chang’e-5 returned to Earth on December 17, 2020, it brought back something not seen on our planet since the 1970s: moon rock samples. This precious cargo, collected by Chang’e-5’s robotic research vehicle in the northwest region of the lunar near side, is now being studied by scientists in Beijing. The success of the latest Chinese space mission also showcased technology that may be used in future years to create human settlements on Earth’s near neighbor.

The returned lunar samples will “absolutely add new knowledge of the history of the moon, particularly its volcanoes,” says Xiao Long, a planetary scientist at China University of Geosciences. The rocks sent back by Chang’e-5 “will ask us to rethink about why and how the moon’s volcanic history lasted this long,” he says.

The Chang’e-5 mission was more than just a trip to collect moon rocks. It was also the latest stage of a long, planned sequence of robotic lunar explorations by China that have grown ever more scientifically advanced.

The program began with the 2007 launch of Chang’e-1 and Chang’e-2 three years later. These craft circled the moon collecting data used to help guide Chang’e-3 and Chang’e-4, the first Chinese spacecraft to land on the moon surface, and to direct their robotic vehicles. The robot on Chang’e-5 was able to collect rock and soil samples and return them to Earth. In the near future, an identical spacecraft called Chang’e-6 will attempt a sample-return mission from the moon’s south pole—an area of intense scientific interest-given the large amount of water ice present.

The more advanced Chang’e-7 and Chang’e-8 spacecraft are also planned to land near the south pole to carry out analysis of the region and test new technologies, including detecting and obtaining materials that could be useful to future human explorers, such as water and hydrogen, and testing 3D printing on the lunar surface.

The long-term aim of the Chang’s program is to establish an International Lunar Research Station around 2030 to support robotic and, eventually, crewed missions.

1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A.The moon’s recent volcanic activities.B.The significance of the moon rock samples.
C.New knowledge of the history of the moon.D.Further studies of the returned lunar samples.
2. What distinguishes the mission of Chang’e-6 from that of Chang’e-5?
A.The technology they use.B.The time they spend on the moon.
C.The specific locations they explore.D.The amount of material they bring back.
3. Chang’e-7 and Chang’e-8 space missions are mainly intended to ________.
A.transport researchers to the moon station
B.build up an International Lunar Research Station
C.collect data necessary to guide moon-landing spacecraft
D.find and test resources and means to support living on the moon
4. Which of the following best summarizes the Chang’s space program?
A.A project to study the surface of the moon.
B.A plan to improve human settlements on the moon.
C.A set of experiments to test the possibility of manned spacecraft.
D.A series of increasingly challenging scientific lunar explorations.
语法填空-短文语填(约200词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以在火星表面制造氧气的设备Moxie。
4 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A small device, Moxie, has produced oxygen on the surface of Mars,    1     (bring) the chances of surviving on the red planet a step closer. Research published in     2     journal Science Advances reported that Moxie produced breathable oxygen in seven-hour-long tests conducted in various weather and atmospheric conditions last year. The research also found that even in       3    (extreme) harsh weather conditions like a Martian dust storm, Moxie     4    (continue) to produce high purity oxygen.

“This is the first demonstration of actually using     5    (resource) on the surface of Mars and transforming them chemically into something useful for a human mission,” Jeffrey Hoffman, a retired astronaut, said.

“The thin atmosphere on Mars is 96 percent carbon dioxide and much more     6    (change)than on Earth and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees, ” Hoffman said. “One aim is     7    (show) we can run Moxie in all seasons.”

The device, Moxie, uses some special pumps,     8     take in carbon dioxide. The gas     9    (heat) to 800°C and pressed to separate the carbon and oxygen. Carbon monoxide is sent out as waste while the pure oxygen is left behind.

Despite the challenges, Moxie has proved durable in the extreme conditions on Mars and scientists regard the test results     10     a great achievement.

2024-01-17更新 | 128次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届吉林省白山市高三上学期一模英语试题
智能选题,一键自动生成优质试卷~
阅读理解-七选五(约230词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很多国家对登陆火星感兴趣的一些原因。

5 . It sounds like something from science fiction — a space journey into the vast expanse of space, heading towards Mars. While we’re not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is:     1    

The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to achieve the first in spaceflight. The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite (人造卫星), before anyone else.     2     Now it appears that Mars is the heaven body of desire. While the reputation and bragging (吹嘘) rights to be the first nation to touch down is an obvious draw, there are other reasons we want to get there.

    3     You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. While Mars doesn’t have the right conditions to call it home just yet, there’s always the concept of terraforming (地球化) — changing the environment of a planet to meet our needs.

However, not everyone agrees.     4     He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.

It seems the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial (地球外的) life.     5     But now seemingly dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet. One theory is that bacterial life on our planet didn’t start here, but was transferred via asteroid from Mars.

A.Leading astrophysicist Neil Tyson is one of them.
B.And the US landed on the Moon first.
C.One of these could be the survival of our species.
D.May landing on Mars inspire more people to become interested in science?
E.It has been believed that, at one time, Mars was filled with life.
F.Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason enough.
G.Why are so many countries interested in going to Mars?
2024-03-21更新 | 89次组卷 | 3卷引用:吉林省白城市洮南市第一中学2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中英语试题
23-24高三上·辽宁朝阳·阶段练习
阅读理解-阅读单选(约380词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现在一些科学家正在用无人机和机器学习来帮助他们更有效地发现新落下的陨石。

6 . Meteorites (陨石) can offer clues about what the early solar system was like. But finding them is far from difficult. Now, some scientists are turning to drones (无人机) and machine learning to help spot freshly fallen meteorites much more efficiently. “A team of six people on a meteorite-hunting expedition can search about 200,000 square meters per day,” says Seamus Anderson, a planetary scientist in Australia.

Around 2016, Anderson began toying with the concept of using drones to take pictures of the g round to look for meteorites. That idea blossomed into a Ph.D. project. In 2022, he and his colleagues reported their first successful recovery of a meteorite spotted with a drone. They’ve since found four more meteorites at a different site. Drone-based searches are much faster than the standard search way. “You’re going from about 300 days of human effort down to about a dozen or so,” he says.

Anderson and his workmates have used drones to search for meteorites in remote parts of Western Australia and South Australia. The team is tipped off about a fall site by networks of ground-based cameras that track meteoroids flashing through the Earth’s atmosphere. The researchers have to do a series of fun but difficult work before the hunt. They pack a four-wheel drive vehicle with drone and computer equipment, battery charging stations, generators, fuel, food, camping equipment, tables, chairs and much more. The drive to the fall site can take more than a day, often on rough or nonexistent roads. Anderson says, “You hope you don’t pop a tire.”

After arriving, the team flies its primary drone at an altitude of about 20 meters. Its camera takes an image of the ground once every second, and the scientists download the data every 40 minutes or so when the drone lands to receive fresh batteries. A typical day of flying can net over 10,000 images, which are then divided digitally into 100 million or so smaller sections. Those “tiles”, each 2 meters on a side, are fed into a machine learning algorithm (算法) that has been trained to recognize meteorites based on images of real land rocks which are spray-painted black.

1. Why do the scientists study meteorites?
A.To spot the planetary course.B.To promote machine learning.
C.To test the functions of drones.D.To explore the past of solar system.
2. What does Anderson say about drone-based searches in paragraph 2?
A.Their barriers.B.Their causes.
C.Their efficiency.D.Their concept.
3. Which words can best describe the preparations of the drone search for meteorites?
A.Fun and light.B.Smooth and flexible.
C.Difficult and unpleasant.D.Complicated and tough.
4. How does the drone process images?
A.By dividing them in half.B.By storing them for analysis.
C.By combining them into a picture.D.By linking them with a digital printer.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约350词) | 适中(0.65) |
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7 . If you think you’d like to live on Mars, you may have that possibility by 2023. A Dutch company called Mars One will soon advertise for people interested in colonizing (开拓) Mars. If you have all the necessary skills, you could be one of the first colonists. Are you ready for the challenge?

You won’t have to pay for the mission to Mars. Mars One has already received money from some donors and is hoping to get more from TV viewers who will become interested in the show where all applicants have a debate for the rare chances.

The main responsibility of the first colonists is to create an artificial environment on Mars where there is no air to breathe and no land to farm. Scientists know it’s quite possible because something similar has already been done in Antarctica.

Another problem is that space travel to Mars takes nearly a year to get to Mars and the colonists will live the rest of their lives there. When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low gravity for a long time, the systems in the body weaken. Luckily, spinning (旋转) the spaceship can create artificial gravity, and artificial gravity can ease these problems. It will also be difficult for Mars colonists to be far from home, living in small spaces, and seeing the same people over and over. Colonists with depression could put the mission in danger. Fortunately, a few years ago, a joint Russian and European project called the Mars500 Mission studied people’s reactions in a Mars-like environment. It is viewed as a great success because scientists were able to see how people handle emotional and physical stresses.

Recent studies show that seven percent of people would want to go on such an adventure.

Mars One will soon start accepting its first colonists. Are you interested?

1. What do we know about the applicants to Mars from the first two paragraphs?
A.They will land on Mars in 2023.
B.They can get money from donors.
C.They will compete in a TV show.
D.They do not need special skills.
2. What will the first colonists do to solve the basic living problems on Mars?
A.Create earth-like conditions.
B.Build labs in Antarctica.
C.Spin the spaceship.
D.Start the Mars500 Mission.
3. What can the life of the first colonists be like according to the passage?
A.Difficult and dangerous.
B.Different but adaptable.
C.Challenging and unbearable .
D.Acceptable but depressing.
4. What’s the best title for the text?
A.Mars: our final destination?
B.Ready to be Mars’ colonists?
C.Space travel: a thrilling adventure?
D.Are you a qualified Mars astronaut?
阅读理解-阅读单选(约290词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文,文章讲述了关于时间的五个理论。

8 . Time has always been of great interest to scientist…

Theory 1: According to Caltech cosmologist (宇宙学家) Dr Sean Carroll, the flow of time from past to future may be the symptom of our Universe having emerged from another universe that existed before the Big Bang and then gave birth to our own.
Theory 2: In 1967, two American theorists came up with an equation describing the quantum (量子) state of the whole Universe. Known as the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, it includes many key features of the universe, such as its size. But one aspect is absent: time. Some theorists believe this implies that time only exists in our minds.
Theory 3: According to theorist Prof Lee Smolin at the Perimeter Institute, Canada, the existence of life in the Universe is the result of the laws of physics evolving to their current state over an unlimited number of previous universes. If true, this means that our very existence is proof that time does exist.
Theory 4: In 2009, physicists at the universities of Bristol and Cambridge showed that the passing of time revealed by, say, the cooling of a cup of tea, may be due to quantum effect called ‘entanglement’. This involves the particles (粒子) in the team interacting with their surroundings, being bound together and becoming harder to distinguish from each other—a one-way process that requires the forward progression of time to occur.
Theory 5: Dark energy, the mysterious anti-gravitational force that drives the expansion of the Universe, may be linked to the existence of the arrow of time. Last year, two cosmologists at the Yerevan Physics Institute showed that dark energy leads to the growth of entropy, a measure of disorder, in the Universe.
1. All the five theories imply that _____.
A.time is flexibleB.time is constant
C.time does go forth and backD.time does exist in some way
2. Which theory doesn’t include time?
A.Theory 1.B.Theory 2.
C.Theory 3.D.Theory 4.
3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of dark energy?
A.It leads to the existence of multi-universities.
B.It is what keeps the universe in order.
C.It increases in strength with gravity.
D.It is what makes the universe get bigger.
2022-11-20更新 | 150次组卷 | 3卷引用:吉林省长春市长春外国语学校2023-2024学年高二上学期9月月考英语试题

9 . Have you ever noticed that the stars sometimes appear brighter in December, January and February? There's a link between cold air and the night lights. "Part of it is that it tends to be drier in the winter," said Diane Tumshek, an astronomer at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Even though it's invisible, moisture can change the way light moves through the air. And in the summer, moisture can make stars appear more dull.

Air temperature is also what puts the twinkle twinkle in the little stars. "Even on very clear nights, some of the atmosphere is cooler, and some of the atmosphere is warmer,” said Tumshek, who also works with the Allegheny Observatory. And when the light from a star passes through those bubbles of varying temperatures, "it bends and shifts the light, so that we are seeing stars appear to dance or twinkle,” she said.

For star lovers in the United States, there's another factor that comes into play for bright winter stars, although this is a matter of coincidence. During Earth's journey around the sun, “there are just simply more bright stars visible from the Northern Hemisphere in the winter sky," Tumshek said. If you really want to see a shiny star, just try to find a burning ball of gas called Sirius near the horizon. At 8.6 light-years away, Sirius is relatively close to Earth and the brightest star visible in the night sky. It is also large — nearly twice as big as our sun and 20 times as bright. So this winter, when the world turns cold and it seems like we should be spending more time indoors, consider asking an adult to go exploring outside. With a warm coat and a clear sky, any night can be turned into a treasure hunt. All you have to do is look up.

1. What does the underlined word "dull" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A.not shinyB.not excitingC.not severeD.not smart
2. How does air temperature influence the brightness of stars?
A.By changing the bubbles around them.B.By putting the twinkle twinkle in them.
C.By varying the direction of the light from them.D.By making the stars dance and twinkle in the sky.
3. What do we know about Sirius?
A.It can be found at any night.B.It is 20 times as bright as the sun.
C.It is a burning and shiny ball.D.It is closer to Earth than other stars,
4. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A.To advocate stargazing in winter,B.To call on people to focus on stars.
C.To present new research results about stars.D.To explain why stars are more visible in winter.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约250词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。主要说明了天文学家发现了一颗新行星,有可能存在生命。

10 . For years, people have wondered whether there’s life on other planets. Scientists may now be closer than ever to answering that question.

Using powerful telescopes, a team of astronomers in South America discovered a new planet, called Proxima b. It circles a star named Proxima Centauri, in the same way Earth circles the sun. Proxima Centauri is the closest star to our solar system.

Scientists believe the new planet has a rocky surface and is similar in size to Earth. More importantly, they’ve determined that the distance between Proxima b and its “sun” gives the planet a similar temperature to Earth’s. This means it could have liquid water. The presence of water on a planet makes it possible for life to exist there. Scientists refer to planets like Proxima b as “Goldilocks planets” because they are not too hot or too cold, but just right to possibly support life.

Astronomers have found other Goldilocks planets in the past, but none are as close to Earth as Proxima b. Still, the new planet is 4.2 light years from Earth—that is about 25 trillion miles away.

Despite the long distance, astronomers hope to get a much better look at our new-found neighbor one day. But they’ll need to wait until more advanced telescopes are developed. They may also send a robotic spacecraft to investigate the planet.

1. Earth is to the sun what ______.
A.the solar system is to Proxima b
B.Proxima Centauri is to Proxima b
C.Proxima b is to the solar system
D.Proxima b is to Proxima Centauri
2. The writer introduces the new planet mainly by ______.
A.listing figuresB.following the space order
C.making the comparisonsD.giving examples
3. Planets like Proxima b are referred to as “Goldilocks planets” because of ______.
A.the presence of waterB.their temperature
C.the life on themD.their size
4. We can infer from the last paragraph that ______.
A.astronomers have a long way to go to explore the new planet
B.exploring the new planet is just around the corner
C.the long distance will prevent astronomers from exploring the new planet
D.astronomers have got the whole picture of the new planet
2023-01-09更新 | 61次组卷 | 1卷引用:吉林省长春市第二实验中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
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