1 . The famous scientist Stephen Hawking spoke at a science festival in Norway in 2017, “We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds... Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I’m convinced that humans need to leave Earth.”

Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way for humanity to last far into the future is to colonize (移民于) other planets. That way, if a terrible disease, nuclear war or some other disaster strikes Earth, civilization as we know it would still have a chance. Mars is one of the most attractive destinations. NASA, the United Arab Emirates, the private company SpaceX, and the organization Mars One all have plans to send humans there. “Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we risk going extinct,” SpaceX founder Elon Musk said at a conference in 2013.

But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that it’s just too expensive or dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live. It’s not even clear if humans could survive on Mars. One of the biggest dangers there is deadly radiation that ruins the planet.

Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars mission would be better spent on more urgent projects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid (小行星) strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet.

In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Mars seems uninhabited, but it could possibly host micro-organism like. Human visitors may destroy this life or permanently change or damage the Martian environment. Some feel that’s too much of a risk to take.

1. Why did the author mention NASA, the United Arab Emirates, SpaceX and Mars One?

A．To stress the risk of dying out on Earth.

B．To provide evidence for Hawking’s theory.

C．To show growing intention of moving to Mars.

D．To explain the advanced technology in astronomy.

2. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Civilization is difficult to maintain on Earth.

B．It is costly and risky to colonize Mars.

C．Poverty is the most urgent problem to handle.

D．All the time and money should be spent on Earth.

3. What does the underlined word “uninhabited” mean in the last paragraph?

A．Not fit to live on.	B．Not steady to keep.
C．Not easy to approach.	D．Not safe to set foot on.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Mars, Our Future Planet

B．Moving to A New Planet

C．Should We Colonize Mars?

D．Stay Home or Outer Space?

2 . An Indian spacecraft's first attempt to make a soft, controlled landing in the moon's south polar region has ended in painful silence: Shortly before touchdown (降落), the robotic lander - part of the Chandrayaan-2 mission - fell out of contact with mission control(航天地面指挥中心). The Indian Space Research Organization says that the spacecraft stopped communicating with Earth when it was within 1.3 miles of the lunar surface. ''The Vikram descent (下降)was as planned, and normal performance was observed, up to an altitude of 2.1 kilometers, '' said Kailasavadivoo Sivan, ISRO's chairman, in a statement roughly half an hour after signal loss. ''The data is being analyzed.''

A successful landing would have made India just the fourth country to touch down anywhere on the lunar (月球的)surface, and only the third nation to operate a robotic rover (巡视器) there. Nevertheless, the Chandrayaan-2 mission's orbiter(航天器) remains safely in lunar orbit, with a year-long scientific mission ahead of it. Like any voyage to a world beyond Earth, Vikram's flight was a risky endeavor, requiring the lander to slow itself down to a near standstill(停止), scan for surface obstacles (障碍物) by itself, and then take steps to avoid them during touchdown. The majority of attempts to land robots on the moon have ended in failure, either during launch or on the way to the surface.

Following its launch on July 22, Chandrayaan-2 spent the last several weeks inching its way to the moon, ultimately entering lunar orbit on August 20. On September 2, Vikram separated from the mission's orbiter, and the newly freed lander began a series of braking maneuvers (刹车操作)to lower its orbit and ready itself for landing. Had things proceeded without a fault, Vikram and Pragyaan - the small solar-powered rover it carried - would have set down on the moon at a latitude of about 70 degrees South, on a highland between Manzinus C and Simpelius N.

This landing site was ''somewhere new that we haven't seen before, so that makes it another area for ground-truthing remote sensing data,'' Clive Neal, a lunar geologist, said in an interview before the landing attempt, ''It was going to certainly enhance our knowledge of what the moon is like in those areas, so it was going to be another very good place for science and exploration.''

1. What happened to the lunar lander according to paragraph 1?

A．It made a soft landing.	B．It got data from the lunar surface.
C．It lost contact with Earth.	D．It lowered itself at a wrong altitude.

2. Why was the Vikram's flight a risky endeavor?

A．It demanded higher technique.

B．There were not enough funds to support it.

C．Few Indian scientists agreed with the voyage.

D．No country has succeeded in landing robots on the moon.

3. What can we learn about Vikram from the third paragraph?

A．It entered lunar orbit four weeks after its launch.

B．It landed on the moon at an altitude of about 70 degrees South.

C．It separated from the mission's orbiter before entering the lunar orbit.

D．It lowered its orbit by starting the braking maneuvers to prepare for its landing.

4. What's Clive Neal's attitude towards the landing?

A．Doubtful.

B．Positive.

C．Neutral.

D．Negative.

3 .         No one knows exactly     1     the earth began, as it happened so long ago.     2     , according to a     3     (wide) accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter     4     all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.
        Water     5     (appear) on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.     6     was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued     7     (present) of water allowed the earth     8     (dissolve) harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced     9     chain reaction,     10     made it possible for life to develop.