1 . Philosophy is a systematic and reflective thinking on life. In thinking, the thinker is usually ________by the surroundings in which he lives. This is true of an individual, as it is also true of ________

To the ancient Chinese their land was the world.There are two expressions in Chinese which can both be ________as the world: “all beneath the sky” and “all within the four seas.” To the people of a maritime (沿海的) country such as the Greeks it would be ________ that expressions like these could be synonymous.

The ancient Chinese and Greek philosophers not only lived under different geographic conditions, but different________ones as well. Since China is a ________country, the Chinese people have to make their living by agriculture, and land is the primary basis of wealth. ________, throughout Chinese history, social and economic thinking and policy have________ the employment and distribution of land.

In the social and economic thinking of Chinese philosophers, there is a________between what they call “the root (本)” and “the branch (末).” “The root” refers to agriculture and “the branch” to________. The people who deal with the “branch” were the merchants. They were the________and lowest of the four traditional classes of society, the other three being scholars, farmers, and artisans. Scholars and farmers were________then in China. The scholars did not actually________ the land themselves, but since they were usually landlords, their fortunes were________with agriculture, and therefore their reaction to the universe and their________on life were essentially those of the farmer.

Philosophy gives us an ideal of life. Through studying philosophy, we know both this world and ourselves better.

All Moscow’s security concerns must be taken into account for settlement in Ukraine (乌克兰), Russian President Vladimir Putin said Monday during a telephone conversation with French President Emmanuel Macron.

Putin repeated that a settlement would only be possible on conditon     1     Russia’s security concerns were taken into account,     2     ( include ) “ Russia’s complete power over Crimea, ” as well as the country’s     3     ( commit ) to solving the tasks of Ukraine’s demilitarization and denazification, and the issue of Ukraine’s neutral status, the Kremlin said in a statement.

Putin said Russia is open to negotiation with Ukraine and expressed the hope that would lead to the desired result.

“ The French side     4     ( express ) its well-known views on Russia’s special military operation … and expressed hope for a quick settlement of the conflict     5     dialogue, ” the Kremlin said.

Putin said that Russia’s armed forces are not     6     ( strike ) civilian objects, and do not pose a threat to civilians.

“ Ukrainian nationalists,     7     have been using their civilian population ‘ as a human shield, ’ are a threat, ” Putin said.

According to the Elysee, Macron asked Russia to respect international law and     8     ( protection ) the civil population.

“ The French President reaffirmed the necessity to implement (执行；实施)     9     immediate ceasefire, ” the Elysee said.

Putin and Macron agreed to hold     10     ( far ) contacts.