1 . 假定你是逸仙中学学生会主席，你校即将举行主题为“No Plastic Water Bottles”的一项环保活动。请你用英语写一封倡议书，要点包括：
1．倡导No Plastic Water Bottles的原因；
2．你的建议（至少三点）。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

No Plastic Water Bottles

Dear fellow students,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Students' Union

6 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. developed   B. roughly C. standards D. inseparable E. awareness F. sustainable G. definitely   H. transform I. vegetarian J. inform   K. imported

How Big is the Ecological Footprint of Your Food?

There is no doubt that eating less meat is good for our planet. However, if you are not ready to give up meat entirely, how to make a more     1     choice? Or have you ever thought about where the fish in your soup comes from? Or have you ever wondered how to reduce environmental impact of your meals?

‘We are what we eat!’ confirms the important notion that food and human are     2    . Food is culture, a sense of identity and a personal preference. But globally, our food system accounts for     3     a quarter of manmade greenhouse gas emissions. That’s why we should rethink our food consumption and include “the good food for the planet Earth” into our next recipe!

An expert from WWF Sweden (瑞典世界自然基金会) discussed the role of WWF at one meeting about future food. WWF Sweden aims to     4     production and consumption of food to increase sustainability. There are three interesting tools     5     by WWF Sweden that can help you to make the right choice on food consumption.

“Our Planet Plate” is a campaign with which WWF Sweden hopes to raise climate change     6     about food consumption. Aiming to address the goal of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees, WWF provides information on how much greenhouse gases a meal should release to achieve the goal.

WWF Food Calculator is a tool that gives you an idea of how much greenhouse gas emissions your breakfast, lunch or dinner leads to. This tool can     7     how much carbon dioxide is released from the ingredients you use to cook. If you want to reach the goal of 1.5 degrees emission reduction, you are looking at having approximately 11 kg of CO2 equivalent food per week. You do not have to be     8     to reach this goal, but you have to be creative with your recipes. For instance, you could choose free-range meat or opt for local fish over mass-produced meat or     9     fish.

Initiated by SLU, a ‘Meat-Guide’ has been taken up and expanded by WWF Sweden since 2015. The Meat-Guide bases on five     10     of climate, biodiversity, chemical pesticides, animal welfare and antibiotics. You can download the Meat-Guide app onto your phone and use it the next time you do your groceries.

7 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Solving the Problem of E-Waste

One of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck away is e-waste - electronic items that are broken and not recycled.

Tonnes of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded chiefly because we lack the skills to repair them. Fortunately, now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.

There's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. A Restart Project in London, is one that many found around the world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said that "this project allows you to reduce waste, extend the life of objects, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault.

As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic appliances. It's thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining.

These projects make total sense --- collections of e-waste for recycling are depressing or even decreasing" according to Ruediger Kuehr, of the United Nations University. And in countries where there is no laws, much of it just gets dumped. However, the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting and will have to supply spare parts for machines for up to 10 years.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 . Directions：Write an English composition in 100— 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你校英文网站为倡导低碳生活（low-carbon lifestyle）而开设了论坛。同学们纷纷发帖，交流各自的低碳生活方式。你对此话题也深有感触，准备参与讨论。请在该论坛上发表一个帖子，包括以下内容：（1）介绍你所倡导的低碳生活方式 （2）说明如此做的原因或优点。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9 . There’s more fresh water hidden below Earth’s surface in underground aquifers (含水层) than any other source besides the ice sheets. That groundwater earns an unshakably important place for rivers worldwide, keeping them running even when droughts bring their waters low.

But in recent decades humans have pumped trillions of gallons out of those underground reservoirs. In a new research, water experts and scientists are taking a global look at where groundwater is already being extracted at such a rate that it has caused water levels to drop so much in rivers and streams that they will slip into the ecological danger zone.

Much of that water is being removed much faster than it can be refilled. That has enormous potential consequences for people and crops in areas that don’t get enough rain. But far before those impacts emerge, the effects will fiercely hit rivers, streams, and the habitats around them. Hundreds of rivers and streams around the world would become so water-stressed that the entire ecological system would hit a danger point, says Inge de Graaf, the lead author of the research. “We can really consider this ecological effect like a ticking time bomb,” she says. “If we pump the groundwater now, we don’t see the impacts until like 10 years further or even longer.”

But the severity of the impacts might still be underestimated. As a baseline, they used the global water demand in 2010 and spun their climate model forward to predict how stresses on groundwater systems might develop. But as populations swell and the demand for food rises, those stresses could skyrocket for reasons other than climate change, speeding along the extraction from underground water sources.

The effects of over-pumping groundwater take years, if not decades, to become visible. Changes in rain have immediate, obvious effects on river flow. When it pours, rivers often rage. But groundwater is hidden and changes don’t always manifest in the place where the pumping occurs and are programmed to “wait for the perfect moment”. That makes aquifer management issues extra challenging. In the meantime, rivers and streams are the signal that says we’re using water in an unsustainable fashion, we need to take a hard look at what we’re doing.”.

1. The underground water is of critical importance to rivers due to the fact that ________.

A．it helps to maintain the same water level of rivers

B．it stops the running of rivers during dry spells

C．it leaves rivers drying out due to droughts

D．it ensures the flow of rivers throughout the year

2. The phrase “slip into the ecological danger zone” (in the second paragraph) suggests that ________.

A．it is thrilling to explore the ecological danger zone

B．pumping underground water is convenient though dangerous

C．the underground water level has dropped to an alarming level

D．the constant drop of water level prevents people feeling secure

3. Why does the author say “the severity of the impacts might still be underestimated” (in the fourth paragraph)?

A．Because the water demand data in 2010 was not accurate.

B．Because the water demand has soared ever since 2010.

C．Because the water demand was not stressful in 2010.

D．Because the water demand prediction didn’t consider climate change.

4. Over-pumping groundwater doesn’t show immediate effect because _________.

A．the changes are waiting for a heavy rain

B．underground water is used sustainably

C．the changes take longer to come to light

D．underground water is inexhaustible

10 . Smaller, Greener, Better

During my 15 years as an administrator, I was a no﹣show at scientific conferences. Before that, my go﹣to conferences included Metals in Biology in Ventura, California. This past January, I went back to Ventura after a 15﹣year _______. A lot of things struck me about how things have changed and how some things have stayed the same. One thing that is increasingly on people's minds is the future of scientific meetings.

What has stayed _______ is that a conference of that style, with 200 scientists from around the world, is a vital form for scientific exchange. The participants ranged from graduate students to the pioneers in the field of bioinorganic chemistry. It was interesting to see how far a lot of the science has come. Some fields still have great _______: Even though we know much more about the structures, we still wonder how the O﹣O bond forms in photosystem II(光合体系II).

One thing that has started to change _______ is the increasing number of women and people of color among conference speakers and participants. We are _______ close to solving the equity(公平) problems in science or science meetings, but the change in the _______ and atmosphere of meetings overall after 15 years is encouraging. This trend should continue, and more members should have speaking roles to showcase their science, and maybe small meetings could also require that a few talks be given by postdocs and early career faculty.

When it comes to big meetings, the interchange among scientists _______ is still essential. But it's time for the scientific community to engage in frank talk about the _______ of meetings on the climate. Some conferences have been supporting digital poster sessions to _______ waste, but thousands of folks flying to these meetings is the real problem to focus on. It's time to think creatively about how to reduce the carbon footprint of meetings while ________ ﹣even improving﹣their value.

What if we broke the large meetings into smaller, concurrent(同时发生的) ones at ________ sites where people could gather, sharing the drive or taking the train? Despite the big draw of large meetings, unless you're in the front rows of the big ballrooms where these are held, you're watching the speaker on a screen from the back or even in an overflow room. But in a concurrent sites model,________ conferences could be spread across different sites. This approach would lower the cost of ________ conferences and thereby potentially increase the number and diversity of attendees. A group of graduate students piling into a ________ is much more democratic than having to decide who gets to fly.

Scientific conferences are vital to scientists' collaboration. Continuing to improve them in terms of equity for both the participants and the climate is something we can't stop ________ to do. I volunteer to drive the first van.

1.

A．pause

B．persistence

C．research

D．administration

2.

A．unbelievable

B．unusual

C．unreasonable

D．unchanged

3.

A．breakthroughs

B．mysteries

C．theories

D．pioneers

4.

A．to the contrary

B．in the long run

C．for the better

D．beyond control

5.

A．somewhat

B．rather

C．further

D．nowhere

6.

A．composition

B．style

C．interaction

D．management

7.

A．on the Internet

B．on the surface

C．in person

D．in particular

8.

A．importance

B．focus

C．findings

D．impact

9.

A．end up with

B．cut down on

C．give publicity to

D．lay emphasis on

10.

A．presenting

B．documenting

C．preserving

D．processing

11.

A．academic

B．regional

C．significant

D．environmental

12.

A．major

B．interactive

C．professional

D．different

13.

A．televising

B．attending

C．conducting

D．hosting

14.

A．ballroom

B．playground

C．van

D．plane

15.

A．neglecting

B．proposing

C．discouraging

D．striving