1 . Imagine an eco-conscious city where rooftops have been transformed into fertile, green gardens. It's a place where every home is equipped with a system that recycles valuable water resources. In this town, protecting the planet is a way of life. That's how Abby Sharp, 14, Wyatt Peery, 13, and Tom Krajnak, 14, saw their city of tomorrow. The vision won the eighth-graders from Bexley, Ohio, first prize at the 2009 National Engineers Week Future City Competition.
The annual design competition challenges middle school students to use engineering to deal with issues that affect the earth. This year the competition focused on water conservation. Participants had to come up with ways to improve water use in the home. Kids from 38 middle schools across the country competed in the finals. The event took place from February 17-18 in Washington, D.C. More than 30,000 students entered the competition.
Abby, Wyatt and Tom call their winning city Novo Mondum. The name means "new world" in Latin. Novo Mondum sits on the coast of Iceland. The group chose the spot for its wealth of clean energy resources, such as geothermal(地热的) energy and hydropower. Both sources use the power of nature to generate electricity. Geothermal energy draws heat from deep inside the Earth. Hydropower gets energy from flowing water. "Our city is very globally aware," Abby told TFK.
Students team up with a teacher and a volunteer engineer mentor(顾问)to develop their cities. Each group creates a fictional city on SimCity 4 Deluxe, a computer game that allows players to build virtual towns. Then they construct tabletop models of the cities and write essays describing their project. The models must be made using recycled materials and cost no more than $100 to build.
1. What’s the main feature of the city designed by the three winners?A.Making full use of water resources. | B.Protecting our home — the earth. |
C.Turning rooftops into green gardens. | D.Costing no money to build |
A.the main theme of 2009 Future City Competition |
B.one of the problems that influence the Earth. |
C.one of the issues for the participants to deal with abroad. |
D.an easy topic for all the students to design. |
A.ninth-graders from Bexley, Ohio. |
B.second prize winners at the 2009 Future City Competition. |
C.eighth-graders from Washington, D.C |
D.lucky to get the first prize at the 2009 Future City Competition |
A.electric power from burning oil. | B.electric power from moving water. |
C.electric power from deep inside the earth. | D.electric power from burning coals. |
A.What materials should be used in the competition |
B.How teachers instruct the students in the competition. |
C.The process of building virtual towns. |
D.The process of developing a Future City. |
2 . Organic foods are produced according to certain production standards, meaning they are grown without the use of conventional pesticides, or chemical fertilizers and that they were processed without food additives. Livestock are raised without the routine use of antibiotics or growth hormones. In most countries, organic produced foods must not be genetically modified. They may also be required to be produced using energy-saving technologies and packaged using recyclable materials when possible.
Early consumers interested in organic food would look for non-chemically treated, fresh or minimally processed food. They mostly had to buy directly from growers: “Know your farmer, know your food” was the motto. Personal definitions of what constituted “organic” were developed through firsthand experience: by talking to farmers, seeing farm conditions, and farming activities. Historically, organic farms were relatively small family run farms—which is why organic food was once only available in small stores or farmers’ markets. However, since the early 1990s organic food has had growth rates of around 20% a year. As of April 2008, organic food accounts for 12% of food sales worldwide. Currently organic food production is legally regulated. Many countries require producers to obtain organic certification in order to mark food as organic.
Several studies have attempted to examine and compare conventional and organic systems of farming. The general consensus is that, in the short term, organic farming is less damaging for the following reasons:
●Organic farms do not release synthetic pesticides into the environment—some of which have the potential to harm soil, water and local wildlife.
●Organic farms are better than conventional farms at sustaining diverse ecosystems, i.e., populations of plants and insects, as well as animals.
●Organic farms are more energy efficient and produce less waste.
Another report published in March 2008 by The Organic Centre claims that organic food is on average 25% more nutritious than conventional food.
However, many critics believe that the increased land needed to farm organic food could potentially destroy the rainforests and wipe out many ecosystems. And organic products cost 10 to 40% more than similar conventionally produced products. Processed organic foods in supermarkets are 65% more expensive.
1. Early consumers knew what food was “organic” by________.A.the “certified organic” label tag | B.firsthand experience |
C.its packaging | D.examining its organic certification |
A.in America, organic food can only be bought in small stores or farmers’ markets |
B.organic food is produced by large-scale farms |
C.organic food is also available in large supermarkets at present |
D.organic food is often beautifully packaged |
A.junk food | B.delicious snacks | C.conventional food | D.green food |
A.The disadvantages of organic food. | B.The cost of organic food |
C.The benefits of organic food | D.Organic food and conventional food |
A.Organic farms are more energy efficient and produce less waste. |
B.Organic food is generally thought to be more nutritious. |
C.Organic farms are better than conventional farms at maintaining varieties of plants, insects and animals |
D.Organic farms do not release synthetic pesticides into the environment. |
3 . Twelve years ago, a young traveler named Rhett Butler from San Francisco, California, visited the Sabah rainforest on Malaysian Borneo. In one area of the rainforest, he watched a bird flying through the trees. The beautiful sight left quite an impression on him. But weeks later, back home, Rhett Butler got the news that trees had been cut down in the area he visited.
That experience led Rhett Butler begin writing a book about rainforests and threats to their existence. But he did not publish the book. Instead, in 1999, he used his research for the book to create a website. The site is Mongabay. Com. His purpose was to inform the public about tropical rainforests. But the subject quickly developed. As a former businessman, he became a respected writer of science and environmental stories.
The popularity of Mongabay. Com attracted advertisers. Small ads on the site pay for its operations. Mongabay.Com has grown and led to other sites. For example, there is a site for children which is called kids. Mongabay.Com. Another one, WildMadangascar.Org, is all about the island nation that Rhett Butler calls his favorite place.
To keep his website going, he travels around the world on several major trips each year. His working tools are a laptop computer, cameras and sometimes diving equipment. He often calls on experts for information. For example, he interviewed Alison Jolly, a top experts on lemurs(狐猴). He interviewed Rodney Jackson, a biologist who established the Snow Leopard Conservancy.
Stories like these have made Mongabay a favorite place on the Internet for researchers, students and teachers. In April, Time.Com named it one of the fifteen top climate and environment websites in the world.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?A.How Rhett Butler made his website popular. |
B.Rainforest on Malaysian Borneo. |
C.How Rhett Butler protected rare animals. |
D.Rhett Butler and his website. |
A.making websites earns more money than writing books |
B.he wanted to use the information to create a website |
C.the book was not about rainforest protection |
D.he didn’t want to become a writer |
A.Rhett Butler made a lot of money from it. |
B.It attracted many advertisers. |
C.At least two related websites grew from it. |
D.It was set up in 1999. |
A.kept visiting the rainforest |
B.made a great number of advertisements |
C.raised rare snow leopards |
D.traveled around and interviewed experts |
A.Rodney Jackson was once a businessman |
B.kids. Mongabay.Com. has many stories written by kids |
C.WildMadagascar.org is better known than Mongabay.Com |
D.Mongabay.Com was loved by researchers as well as students |
4 . Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the size of the state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678,000 square kilometers. So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.
All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3,500, 000 tons. The waste includes bags, bottles and containers—plastic products of all kinds.
The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about 1,600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert, with light winds and slow moving water currents (流, 流动). The water moves so slow that garbage from all over the world collects there.
In recent years, there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste, resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full, diminishing their desire to eat or drink.
The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increased threat of infection (感染) of disease from polluted waste, and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.
Its existence first gained public attention in 1997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event. Five years earlier, another oceanographer learnt of the trash after a shipment of rubber duckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.
1. The first paragraph is written to .A.lead in the topic of the text |
B.inspire readers’ imagination |
C.develop readers’ interest in Texas |
D.talk about reasons for water pollution |
A.Increasing. | B.Determining. |
C.Weakening. | D.Reserving. |
A.It gives rise to various diseases. |
B.It does great harm to sea animals. |
C.Causes of it still remain unknown. |
D.Efforts to clear it have been made. |
A.To warn people about dangers of diving in the ocean. |
B.To explore the future of the North Pacific Ocean. |
C.To call on people to protect ocean environment. |
D.To display some facts about floating waste. |
1. What issue are the scientists working on?
A.Climate change. | B.Electric vehicles. | C.Public transport. |
A.Luxembourg. | B.Germany. | C.The United States. |
A.In July 2019. | B.In January 2020. | C.In March 2020. |
6 . I take the train to work every morning from a train station near my house. I can get to the station quite
She was short and
She slowly placed her walking stick
There’s so much rubbish and no one ever does
I want to follow her example. I’ve decided to pick up rubbish off the
A.hard | B.early | C.easily | D.late |
A.rubbish | B.boxes | C.bottles | D.paper |
A.walk | B.pass | C.go | D.rush |
A.so | B.until | C.when | D.because |
A.back | B.act | C.mark | D.colour |
A.bike | B.stick | C.dog | D.umbrella |
A.weak | B.rich | C.clever | D.sad |
A.quickly | B.happily | C.angrily | D.slowly |
A.at midnight | B.at noon | C.at last | D.at first |
A.in | B.around | C.against | D.under |
A.searched for | B.threw away | C.reached for | D.looked at |
A.unable | B.difficult | C.different | D.impossible |
A.picked up | B.dropped down | C.put in | D.lifted up |
A.warm | B.enjoy | C.support | D.hide |
A.continued | B.started | C.enjoyed | D.remembered |
A.something | B.anything | C.everything | D.nothing |
A.feel | B.see | C.have | D.let |
A.busy | B.beautiful | C.dirty | D.clean |
A.keep | B.stop | C.mind | D.regret |
A.wall | B.desk | C.ground | D.classroom |
7 . Soon enough, we will lose some of the most amazing sites on Earth!
The Great Barrier Reef
Rising air temperatures will cause sea temperatures to rise as well.All life supported by the oceans will be affected with this shock to their ecosystem.Coral are some of the most vulnerable marine animals and we are already watching whole reefs disappear.The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is no exception and will continue to shrink as the temperatures rise!These reefs are some of the best in the world for diving, but they will soon disappear!
Venice
Sprawling across(横跨)hundreds of small islands in Northeast Italy,Venice is at extreme risk of sinking into the Adriatic Sea.Rising sea levels are in fact a serious threat to many coastal cities located at sea level.Lucky for us,however,Venice is developing a series of sea walls to protect the city in times of high tide.
Glacier(冰川)National Park
Glacier National Park was once covered by over 150 glaciers, but by 2005 it only had about 27!Located in Montana, Canada, this park is over a million acres and has a huge plant and wildlife population.As temperatures rise, the glaciers and ice melt, which will upset the ecosystems sustaining over a thousand plant species and hundreds of animals.
The Amazon
The cause behind the disappearance of these fantastic places ultimately comes down to humans.Our expansion usually requires cutting down forests for land, fuel and materials,but rarely considers the consequences.These forests are sources of food and medicine for just about everyone on the planet!
What will happen if we lose these valuable places and beautiful destinations?!
1. According to the text,what is causing coral's death?A.Rising sea levels. | B.Rising sea temperatures. |
C.Humans' diving activities. | D.The shrinkage(缩小)of their habitats. |
A.Many places are in the risk of sinking below the sea level. |
B.Venice is the only coastal city of Italy. |
C.Venice will never sink because of the protection of sea walls. |
D.Italy consists of hundreds of small islands in the Adriatic Sea. |
A.It doesn't support any living thing for its cold. | B.It iscovered by over 150 glaciers. |
C.Plant species and animals in it have died out. | D.It covers a large area in Montana. |
A.The Great Barrier Reef. | B.Venice. |
C.The Amazon. | D.Glacier National Park. |
1. What is the probable relationship between Lily and John?
A.Brother and sister. | B.Classmates. | C.Teacher and student. |
A.To help with a good cause. |
B.To have fun on the beach. |
C.To have a special camping. |
Palm oil(棕榈油) is the most widely used vegetable oil worldwide. It’s found in a wide variety of products from of vitamins to chocolate and bread.
But the oil’s popularity comes at a high price.
With half of the world’s palm oil coming from Indonesia,orangutans(猩猩) have suffered a lot.
A.Palm trees need lots of land to grow. |
B.The easiest solution is to stop using palm oil so widely. |
C.The palm oil is so expensive that many families can’t afford it. |
D.In the last 20 years,over 80% of their habitat has been destroyed. |
E.There are many things we can do to protect the endangered wild animals. |
F.The oil is popular because it has a high melting point and contains healthy fats. |
G.It eats the sugars from the waste and turns it into thick oil that has similar qualities to palm oil. |
10 . It is reported that bags are getting bigger all the time,and that there are more bags per person on the street today than at any other time in history.If this is true,possible explanations could include the wide use of small electric and electronic devices,a reading-material explosion,a popular interest toward tight or pocket less clothing,or cheap bagmaking labor overseas.
But,much as nature finds ways—such as disease—to control overpopulation,city life has thrown up impediments(障碍) to bags.To enter many public buildings,such as theatres and railway stations,you must go through a search or go bagless.The city has countless bag rules.It is hard to keep them all straight,and you're never sure,when leaving home for the day,whether it might be a bad idea to bring one along.
Last week,the New York Public Library got in the game.Students,researchers,writers,historians,and anyone else who has got used over the years to treating the vast Rose Main Reading Room as an office or a reading room came up against a new rule.You are no longer allowed to bring a bag larger than eleven inches by fourteen inches into the library.If you walk in with one,you must leave it at the coat check.You may keep its contents with you,however,and the library provides big clear plastic bags for them.You return them when you come back for your own bag.
What the library is trying to prevent,in this case,is people taking things out,rather than bringing things in.A librarian said on the second day,”It’s a big change for people who used to come and bring in half their flats.The people who use the library responsibly will continue to do so.The people who steal will continue to get away with it,if they really want to.”
1. How many reasons does the author list to explain the changes related to bags?A.2 | B.3 | C.4 | D.5 |
A.Have their bags examined. | B.Pay for bringing in bags. |
C.Leave the places bagless. | D.Use big clear plastic bags. |
A.To change people’s way of reading. |
B.To prevent people stealing things. |
C.To help people better use the library. |
D.To stop people from bringing in dangerous things. |
A.Excellent. | B.Satisfactory. | C.Harmful. | D.Limited. |