1 . 你校英语报社打算举办一次主题为“保护藏羚羊(antelope)”的海报设计大赛，请你为其写一篇征稿启事。内容包括：
1. 活动的目的；
2. 海报的设计及投稿要求；
3. 动员大家参加。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Contributions Wanted
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 . Growing up in Canterbury, Scartozzi recalls swimming in rivers as part of her childhood. When she returned many years later, however, she noticed things had changed. “Some of the places where I could swim before now have signs saying ‘polluted water, do not swim’,” she says. “I wanted to take my kids to places to swim but we couldn’t because these signs were up.”
Although the experience was sad and surprising, it has also served as fuel for Scartozzi, who’s now focusing on restoring the health of waterways. Her company called eCleanEnvirotech is developing technology to remove pollutants from waterways such as rivers, ponds and streams. It involves feeding polluted water into a system housing microbes (微生物) that eat or break up the pollutants.
The “engineered” nature of the technology, Scartozzi explains, means it’s adaptable for different environment conditions. Each system can be personalized with its own unique “soup” of microbes to remove the pollutants in any waterway where it is installed (安装).
Other advantages of the technology, she says, are that it can process water relatively quickly and that it can be used to treat waterways in a variety of sizes and locations.
She says she hopes to create cleaner water for the benefit of future generations. “My passion is around restoring the health of these waterways. And my purpose is to do anything that I can to return them to their former condition. That’s what drives me every day. If I can do anything, it is so that in the future, my kids and grandchildren have somewhere where they can go swimming and fishing.”
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?| A．Scartozzi and her kids were fond of swimming. |
| B．The experience inspired Scartozzi to clean up waterways. |
| C．Waterways in the world were unsuitable for swimming. |
| D．The company focuses on the development of the technology. |
| A．It is convenient and economic. | B．It can be used in limited waterways. |
| C．It functions slowly but effectively. | D．Its system is flexible and efficient. |
| A．To introduce her company. | B．To swim and fish in the river. |
| C．To regain healthy waterways. | D．To educate future generations. |
| A．Energetic | B．Curious. | C．Outgoing. | D．Responsible. |
3 . The festive sound officially opened the fishing season in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on February 1, 2022. Conservationists took this opportunity to celebrate tree planting along the River Dee, a campaign that aims to cool the waters and increase the number of spawning salmon (产卵的鲑鱼).
The River Dee, which empties into the Atlantic from Scotland’s southwestern coast, is one of Scotland’s most popular fishing rivers. Unfortunately, due to climate change, the water temperature has been rising causing stress to spawning salmon.
The warmer water has resulted in a decline in salmon, with catches falling by a dramatic 80 percent since 1957. Scientists soon discovered that the water temperature in Scottish rivers was too high for the wild Atlantic salmon which prefers cold water.
“These rivers are the nursery grounds for young fish and it’s the young fish that will be affected by summer temperatures — their feeding and growth rates are affected.” Lorraine Hawkins from the Dee District Salmon Fishery Buard said.
It was time to take action. Back in 2013, to plant 1 million young trees along the river was proposed. These trees will offer cooling shade to the fish and increase wildlife biodiversity from the leaf fall that attracts insects. A forest can also offer protection from flooding.
Since this project began,the River Dee Board and Trust, along with fisheries, has planted 250,000 trees, reaching one quarter of its goal. The company and its partners are planting various species of trees and are well on their way to reaching one million trees by 2025. The Scottish government is also carrying out an environmental protection plan for salmon.
These cool and shaded river waters promise to be a welcome shelter for spawning salmon. And once the number of salmon has increased, anglers (垂钓者) will come and cast their rods (鱼竿) into refreshingly cool waters. And as they get their Scottish catches, there just may be a celebratory sound!
1. What is the root cause of the decline in salmon?| A．Tree cutting. | B．Festive noise. |
| C．Illegal fishing. | D．Climate change. |
| A．Tress can drive insects away. | B．Tree shade can attract feeders. |
| C．Trees can offer cooling shade. | D．Fallen leaves can serve as food. |
| A．Efforts to protect salmon. | B．Specific tree planting goals. |
| C．Ways to plant various trees. | D．Achievements of the festival. |
| A．Hopeful. | B．Skeptical. | C．Uncaring. | D．Worried. |
4 . Since the rise in car ownership in the 1950s, the US has started building roads in cities and across the country to provide enough room for automobiles. Houston, like many cities, is turning back the clock to make room for passers-by, cyclists and parks.
Memorial Park in Houston, Texas was halved by the Memorial Drive Highway in the1950s. It has now been reunited. The highway is still there, but the road goes underneath the 1,500-acre park.
The restoration (修复) of Memorial Park is part of a larger plan that was made after the city suffered from a serious drought. It was thought that 80 percent of the forested canopy (树冠) was dead. One of the ways to fight that was to reintroduce native plants and animals.
The city hired the landscape architectural company, Nelson Byrd Woltz Landscape Architects, to work with the Houston parks and the Memorial Parks Conservancy. The architects, led by Woltz, were inspired by wildlife crossings in the Northwest US and explored the possibility of using this idea in Memorial Park. Over the years, the park was cut into 20 pieces that were divided by highways, roads and parking lots. The only crossing was a 12-foot bridge.
After 10 years of planning and constructing, the Kinder Land Bridge officially opened in early February, 2023. The bridge consists of 100 acres of greenery, and while designed for people, has reconnected wildlife corridors (廊道). The reconstruction added 45 acres of native Gulf Coast prairie (草原) that’ll increase biodiversity in the park. “This project is not just about creating a passage or a bridge. This project is about ecology, it’s about biodiversity and water management. This project is a bridge into Houston’s future.” said Shellye Arnold, president of the Memorial Park Conservancy.
1. What led to the restoration of the Memorial Park?| A．A company’s suggestion. | B．A terrible natural disaster. |
| C．The demand from the public. | D．The recovery of native plants. |
| A．They knew how to restore the Memorial Park. |
| B．They got the inspiration for rescuing animals. |
| C．They gained a sense of achievement for working. |
| D．They developed a new way to protect the landscape. |
| A．It is about 12 feet in length. | B．Its aim is to save water. |
| C．It benefits the wild animals. | D．Its birth is a short process. |
| A．A Highway Connects a Park in Houston |
| B．The Importance of Building Land Bridges |
| C．Efforts to Restore Parks in American Cities |
| D．Houston Creates a Creative Way to Restore Nature |
5 . When people think about ways to help the environment, encourage biodiversity and decrease greenhouse gases, they don’t usually think about the impact of food waste.
Decrease single-use plastics. Many of us are seeking ways to decrease the amount of single-use plastics in our lives and in our shopping baskets. This is good but often these plastics and packaging keep food fresh for longer.
Dish up smaller portions. This results in up to 20% less food waste. Many of us put our leftovers in the fridge, then forget about them. Fortunately there are many ways to manage our fridge contents effectively and decrease food waste.
Buy directly from local suppliers. Our food systems and supply chains are incredibly complex, which leads to high levels of food loss and waste. In contrast, buying directly from local suppliers results in less waste.
| A．Store the food in the fridge. |
| B．Set your fridge to below 5℃. |
| C．These range from apps to the small post-it notes. |
| D．The most commonly wasted foods are fresh fruit and vegetables. |
| E．Fortunately, there are significant developments towards a post-plastic world. |
| F．So, to decrease waste, we should support a local business, and eat quality food. |
| G．Yet food waste is responsible for up to 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions. |
6 . Around the globe, 50 UNESCO World Heritage sites are home to glaciers and about 18,600 glaciers are found in these World Heritage sites, which represent about a tenth of the glacierized area on Earth. Those glaciers are losing some 58 billion tons of ice each year and contribute to almost 5% of observed sea level rise globally. A new study warns that glaciers in a third of these World Heritage sites will disappear by 2050 due to carbon emissions warming the planet. The other two-thirds can still be saved — but only if global temperatures dont exceed 1. 5 degrees Celsius compared with pre-industrial times.
The last remaining glaciers in Africa are predicted to melt by 2050, including those at Kilimanjaro National Park and Mount Kenya. The fastest melting glaciers on the list are those at Three Parallel Rivers National Park in Chinas Yunnan province. Glaciers there have already lost more than 57% of their mass in the last 20 years. In the U. S. , the glaciers in Yellowstone and Yosemite National Parks will likely have disappeared by 2050. The glaciers found along the U. S. -Canadian border at the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park have already lost more than a quarter of their volume in the last 20 years. Other endangered glaciers include those in Italys Dolomites, Frances Pyrenees, Argentinas Los Alerces National Park, Perus Huascarán National Park, and New Zealands Te Wahipounamu.
The melting glaciers have an impact not only on the environment, but on people, said Bruno Oberle, director-general of the International Union for Conservation of Nature in a statement released Thursday. “ When glaciers melt rapidly, millions of people face water shortage and the increased risk of natural disasters such as flooding, and millions more may be displaced by the resulting rise in sea levels,” Oberle said. “ This study highlights the urgent need to cut greenhouse gas emissions and invest in Nature-based Solutions, which can help mitigate climate change and allow people to better adapt to its impacts,” he added.
As the worlds climate leaders gather for COP27, UNESCO is calling for the creation of an international fund for glacier monitoring and preservation that would support research, strengthen ties between stakeholders( 股东), and implement disaster risk and early warning measures. “ This report is a call to action,” UNESCO director-general Audrey Azoulay said in a statement. “ Only a rapid reduction in our CO2 emissions levels can save glaciers and the exceptional biodiversity that depends on them. ”
1. What is the purpose of listing figures in paragraph1?| A．To indicate the loss of cultural heritages. |
| B．To stress the value of the World Heritage sites. |
| C．To prove the importance of glaciers to the Earth. |
| D．To show the urgency of saving the melting glaciers. |
| A．Three Parallel Rivers National Park. | B．Kilimanjaro National Park. |
| C．Yellowstone National Park. | D．Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park. |
| A．Accelerate. | B．Relieve. | C．Maintain. | D．Worsen. |
| A．supporting research |
| B．reducing CO2 emissions |
| C．strengthening ties between stakeholders |
| D．carrying out disaster and early warning measures |
7 . Climate change is a global challenge. One way to fight it is by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. New research shows that trees planted in China have helped in this fight.
A recent study in the journal Nature shows that the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed (吸收) by new forests in two parts of China is more than we thought. These areas are in the northeastern Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces and the southwestern Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. They make up about 35 percent of China’s land-based (基于陆地的) carbon sinks (碳汇). A carbon sink is a natural area like a forest or ocean that absorbs more-carbon dioxide than it emits (排放). Carbon sinks help to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.
China’s goal is to peak (达到峰值) its CO2 emissions (排放) before 2030 and reach carbon neutrality (中和) by 2060, Xinhua reported. Carbon neutrality refers to removing as much CO2 as one puts into the air.
According to study co-author Yi Liu at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, “the afforestation activities described in our Nature paper will play a role in reaching that goal.”
1. A recent study in Nature shows that ________.| A．China has serious air pollution | B．China has planted the most trees in the world |
| C．China has fewer CO2 emissions now | D．China has planted fewer trees |
| A．is the world’s largest emitter of CO2 | B．will bring CO2 emissions down after 2030 |
| C．will not release CO2 in the future | D．will reach carbon neutrality by 2030 |
| A．One way to fight climate is by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. |
| B．Trees planted in China have helped fight against climate change. |
| C．New forests in two parts of China absorbed more carbon dioxide than we thought. |
| D．35 percent of China’s land has been affected by CO2 emission. |
| A．It takes a long time for carbon sinks to form. | B．Climate change is no longer a serious problem. |
| C．More trees will be planted in China in the future. | D．China has beaten climate change. |
8 . In 2002, Huang Hui, a researcher of the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, went diving near Xisha. In addition to getting an irremovable suntan (晒黑), she was left with memories of a beautiful experience with clear water and abundant colorful corals (珊瑚). However, much of the breathtaking scenery of this reef has disappeared due to climate change and human activities. All of these factors led to the decline of the coral reef in the near shore waters. “We started to cultivate corals near the Xisha Islands in 2010, and restored more than 200,000 square meters of coral reefs,” Huang said.
In 2004, when Huang was attending the 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, she found herself the only representative from the Chinese mainland. She said she felt sad but she made up her mind to strengthen communication with other countries to improve China’s level and status in coral research. She visited top coral research institutes in the US and Australia, establishing long-term cooperation with some of the world’s top coral researchers. By far, Huang has worked on coral research and protection for 22 years. Now, China is in a leading position in terms of technology and coral planting scale.
Huang believes that people’s consciousness of coral protection matters most to the sustainable development of the coral reefs. “I want to call on more people to love nature and look at the ocean in awe,” Huang said.
Partly due to her efforts, Hainan Province released a law in 2017 banning reef exploitation (开发), trading and damaging.
Huang works as a consultant for customs and frontier police on coral protection and promotes coral protection in her local schools. Huang also provides online free training for divers to teach them proper behavior in the sea to protect coral reefs.
“A group of ‘folk scientists’ have also been trained with the hope that more people can gain awareness of the significance of coral reef protection and know how to protect them,” said Huang.
“I am 50, and when I become 60, I hope that not only a coral island will be built but a sustainable development pattern will also be created,” said Huang. “The ideal state is that the coral island should be able to support fishermen and preserve the ecosystem,” she added.
1. What impressed Huang most when going diving near Xisha in 2002?| A．A permanent sunburn on her skin. |
| B．A large quantity of colorful corals. |
| C．A sweet memory of her childhood. |
| D．The sudden disappearance of corals. |
2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly focus on?
| A．China’s advances in coral protection. | B．Huang’s devotion to coral protection. |
| C．Huang’s concern over coral protection. | D．People’s ignorance of coral protection. |
| A．Introduction of advanced technology. |
| B．Tough laws banning reef exploitation. |
| C．Public awareness of coral protection. |
| D．Communication with foreign countries. |
| A．Corals in South China Sea are in danger. |
| B．Scientist plants corals to save ecosystem. |
| C．China is taking the lead in planting corals. |
| D．Measures are to be taken to protect corals. |
9 . Mr. Fang is now the owner of 36 greenhouses producing organic vegetables in the Gobi desert in Northwest China’s Gansu province. He is one of the beneficiaries of the Gobi Farming Program of Gansu province that is building rows of greenhouses in the desert to help transform local farming and alleviate poverty.
Grain production in Gansu is greatly affected by the climate and the output is unstable. Agricultural production there relies heavily on rivers, oases and groundwater irrigation. If traditional extensive agricultural production continued, it could gradually narrow the living space.
In 1995, a local entrepreneur ventured to use Israeli technologies to build greenhouses for vegetables growing in the desert. Such individual pilot projects encouraged the Gansu government to launch a provincial-level Gobi farming program in 2017 with a target to build up a controlled-environment agriculture of about 20,000 hectares by 2022. Some cities in the province, which include Fang’s village, have already been experimenting with Gobi farming for several years.
Despite the harsh environment, farming in the Gobi desert has its advantages: the extended amount of sunlight provides adequate energy for crops, a significant temperature difference between day and night helps crops accumulate nutrients and the Gobi’s hot and dry air means fewer pests and crop diseases. The Gobi greenhouses popping up in Gansu use drip and spray irrigation, which can cut water consumption by almost 50 percent compared to a normal farm. The greenhouses are also eco-friendly, as they use substrates for soilless cultivation recycled from rotten leaves, straw and cow and sheep feces.
With the greenhouses, Fang earns around 70,000 yuan annually. Data from Suzhou. district of Jiuquan showed the greenhouse program has helped bring an average revenue of about $ 72,300 per hectare to local farmers. Large scale greenhouse farming is an investment-intensive project and cannot be sustained only by government financial support. Therefore, the local government has been encouraging villagers such as Fang to take the lead to rent greenhouses or build their own.
It is not an easy task, and many villagers still want to wait and see. However, more and more are starting to join in, either to rum their own greenhouses or work as hired workers for greenhouse owners. Starting from managing four greenhouses in 2009, Fang now is also a partner of a greenhouse farming cooperative running 120 greenhouses.
The relatively low cost of large-scale land use in the Gobi desert have also encouraged large firms to start their Gobi farming pilot projects in Gansu. If the Gobi farming proves successful, it could provide experiences for countries in Central Asia linked with Gansu both by the ancient Silk Road as well as its modern version of the Belt and Road Initiative.
1. What affects grain production in Gansu most?| A．Money. | B．Sunlight. | C．Air | D．Water. |
| A．1n 1995. | B．In 2009. | C．In 2017. | D．In 2022. |
| A．The harsh environment is good for crops . |
| B．At first, Fang only ran four greenhouses. |
| C．With the greenhouses, Fang earns around $ 70,000 annually. |
| D．Mr. Fang now owns 120 greenhouses producing organic vegetables. |
| A．The Belt and Road Initiative |
| B．A Great Adventurer — Mr. Fang |
| C．The Gobi Farming Program of Gansu |
| D．The Advantages of Farming in the Gobi Desert |
10 . Drive through any suburb in the US today, and it’s hard to miss the bins that have become companions to America’s trash cans. Recycling has become commonplace, as people recognize the need to care for the environment. Yet most people’s recycling consciousness extends only as far as paper, bottles, and cans. People seldom find themselves facing the growing problem of e-waste.
E-waste rapidly increases as the techno-fashionable frequently upgrade to the most advanced device and the majority of them end up in landfills(垃圾填埋地). Some people who track such waste say that users throw away nearly 2 million tons of TVs, VCRs, computers, cell phones, and other electronics every day. Unless we can find a safe replacement, this e-waste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins(毒素), such as lead, mercury, and arsenic. Burning the waste also dangerously contaminates the air.
However, e-waste often contains reusable silver, gold, and other electrical materials. Recycling these materials reduces environmental problems by reducing both landfill waste and the need to look for such metals, which can destroy ecosystems.
A growing number of states have adopted laws to ban dumping(倾倒)e-waste. Still, less than a quarter of this waste will reach lawful recycling programs. Some companies advertising safe disposal(处置)in fact merely ship the waste to some developing countries, where it still ends up in landfills. These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an out-of-sight, out-of-mind location.
However, the small but growing number of cities and corporations that do handle e-waste responsibly represents progress toward making the world a cleaner, better place for us all.
1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?| A．Most of America’s trash cans are made of recycled material. |
| B．E-waste cannot be put into trash cans in the US. |
| C．Most Americans have realized the dangers of e-waste. |
| D．Many Americans now have access to recycling bins. |
| A．reduce. | B．heat. | C．absorb. | D．pollute. |
| A．Progress is being made in handling e-waste. |
| B．A growing number of states ship the e-waste to developing countries. |
| C．A large number of cities have begun to handle e-waste responsibly. |
| D．The world will become cleaner by disposing of waste in an out-of-sight location. |
| A．To tell us how to recycle e-waste. |
| B．To talk about the future of e-waste. |
| C．To encourage us to deal with e-waste properly, |
| D．To discuss if it’s necessary to recycle e-waste. |
