3 . As we all know, smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer all over the world. It’s no surprise, and you can see people of different ages smoke here and there, though some countries have strict laws on preventing smoking. One of the bad effects of smoking is pollution. After all, with the lack of smoking areas in crowded places, smokers are likely to litter. The result of this is cigarette butts (烟头) are everywhere.

Aiming to make a meaningful change, a factory in New Delhi, India has been turning those deserted cigarette butts into a little joy: soft toys and pillows. The way it works requires a lot of labor, but it seems that it’s done in good spirits. After all, these cigarette butts are being harvested to make little children and the young happy at heart.

The stuffing (填充物) itself is made out of cigarette butts that have been separated into fibers (纤维) and then cleaned. These cleaned fibers are then bleached (漂白) before taking on the form of the soft, white, and useful stuff inside the teddy bears and soft pillows. “We started with 10 grams of fibers per day and now we are doing 1, 000 kilograms. Annually we are able to recycle millions of cigarette butts,” said businessman Naman Gupta, the mastermind behind this good idea.

In addition to toys, the factory also separates the butts’outer layer (层) and tobacco to make recycled paper and some chemicals for farming, turning the rubbish that would normally be considered harmful pollutants into good things. And the method can also be recycled and updated.

Considering the fact that almost 267 million people, nearly 30 percent of the adult population in India are tobacco users, it’s not hard to imagine how easy it is to find them out on the streets of New Delhi. According to the World Health Organization, the total economic costs from smoking-related diseases in India from 2017 to 2018 for people aged 35 and above were up to $27.5 billion.

Sustainable Coastlines Hawaii is a nonprofit organization devoted to     1     (keep) the state’s coastlines clean. It has been working to reduce the effects of     2     (pollute) and climate change since 2010. The program     3     (begin) when eight young people came together to discuss a problem that troubled them: trash littering Hawaii’s beaches.

“We grew from eight to twelve, and now we have over 35,000 volunteers,” Caitlyn McCall,     4     servesas a volunteer at the organization, told me in an interview.

The nonprofit’s office     5       (locate) in Kaimuki, a neighborhood in Honolulu. More than 30 coordinators are based there. They focus on three major     6     (program): sustainable events, cleanups and education. The group has organized 240 cleanups, prevented an estimated 600,000 pounds of trash from ending up in the ocean, and educated 45,000 children.

The next step for the program is     7     (carry) out their sustainability courses with Hawaii’s Department of Education. As of now, a team from the nonprofit will visit a local school to talk with students about     8     (environment) sustainability.     9     team educates kids about the lifecycle of household products, their effects on marine life, and how the items we buy can end up on our shores.

Sustainable Coastlines Hawaii also hosts free cleanups for schools. “Climate change is a concerning subject for young people,” McCall said. “We want to equip students     10     the knowledge and tools they need to feel empowered to make a change.”

6 . Despite years of drought and water-saving policies, Californians continue to put a lot of clean, drinkable water into yards to keep the greenery alive. Now, however, Southern California officials have carried out very strict limits on outdoor water use in response to a water shortage emergency. So you may need to find other ways to keep your plants from drying in the summer sun.

How about watering them with grey water instead of clean water? Grey water is the water from showers, bathtubs, washing machines — anything that’s not filled with human waste, food or poisonous chemicals. With the right measures, grey water can be fine for most plant life.

If you’re a typical Southern Californian, you’re throwing a lot of grey water into the sewer system. Every load of clothes you wash leads to roughly 15 to 40 gallons of it, depending on your washer’s design and efficiency. Over the course of a year, thousands of gallons of soapy water ran away. That’s enough to keep a number of trees and other plants happy. And if you’re really ambitious, you can build a system that carries all of your horned grey water to the roots of your grassland, thus making your non-native grass in your yard watered regularly.

Some critics, the Los Angeles Sanitation and Environment Bureau, see grey water recycling as environmentally risky, damaging public wastewater recycling efforts and uneconomic. However, other local agencies across the state, including the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, actively endorse grey water projects as a way to reduce water use. Supporters admit that the projects carry some risk and require great efforts, but insist that they can save clean water and help your plants.

Eleven-year-old Jin Yufeng said he had the most unforgettable birthday this year,     1    (spend) the day with 28 other children     2    all over China at a forestry education camp in Heilongjiang Province.

Yufeng, a student at Zhongshan Road Primary School in Harbin, was surprised by the camp’ s organizers with a birthday cake at suppertime on the big day.

“    3    a wonderful experience!” said Yufeng. “I have so many happy     4     (memory). I learned about nature, made new friends and ate the     5     ( sweet) birthday cake I’ve ever had. ”

The camp     6    (include ) in a national program that is aimed at making 300 million children and teenagers nationwide take part in forest education.

A research and education system will be built by 2025 with the construction (建设)of natural education infrastructure (基础设施)       7     a number of natural education camp bases for teenagers,     8     will gradually put forest research and education activities into primary and middle school education across the country.

The camp attracted around 100 teenagers from Beijing and the provinces of Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Shandong, aiming    9    (put) forest education together with the    10     ( protect) of wild Siberian tigers. It is also expected to lead teenagers to love and protect nature.

8 . Mallory Haske surfs nearly every day in the summer, and it really bothers her to see trash in the water or on the beach. So when her English teacher at Salem High School, Virginia, assigned a “passion project”, Haske came up with a creative idea that combined surfing and trash.

She collected litter on the beach and used it to create a surfboard in an effort to raise awareness of ocean pollution.

“It’s pretty sick,” said Haske on May 17, standing on the beach at 86th Street waxing her newly finished trash board. “I really hope it floats.”

Haske is 18 years old. Surfing is one of her favourite sports. “The feeling of catching a wave is euphoric,” she said. “It’s such a mental release, and you forget that you have chores or homework to do.”

Her teacher, Kathleen Trace, assigned the project months ago and was surprised to see how Haske’s enthusiasm about it grew throughout the school year. “Not every student finds her passion, but she did,” Trace said. “I’m super proud of her.”

Over the winter, Haske collected litter including cigarette butts, bottle caps, fast-food containers and masks along the resort area beach. Making one out of trash was a first for him. Nearly the entire board is made from recycled material and litter.

First, she made the surfboard’s frame. She used thin pieces of wood. The outside of the board is made of plastic, and the inside is filled with garbage.

On Tuesday after school, Haske paddled out and attempted to ride a wave on her new board, but the mostly flat conditions made it difficult. The nose kept going under the water, but Haske stayed upbeat.

“She’s pretty heavy up front, but she’s going to be my best friend,” Haske said after coming out of the water. “She’s made for good waves.”

10 . A man in Indonesia is walking backwards for 435 miles. He's making the trip to encourage the government and others to value and protect Indonesia's rainforests.

Medi Bastoni is 43 years old. He is an Indonesian. Indonesia is a large country in the world formed by a group of islands. There are over 16, 000 islands there， and most of them are covered with rainforests. But on Java, where Mr. Bastoni lives, far more forests have been cleared.

Mr. Bastoni believes it's important to protect forests from being cut down, and to restore (恢复) them when they have been destroyed. Near his home, Mount Wilis is now being restored, but Mr. Bastoni wants to make the protection continue. That's how he came up with the idea of the 435-mile walk.

And walking backwards? Mr. Bastoni wants Indonesians to look back at their past. Walking backwards is a good way to get attention. Right now, Mr. Bastoni's backward walk is pretty big news in Indonesia.

Mr. Bastoni is wearing a frame(框架)that supports a large mirror in front of him, above his head. This allows Mr. Bastoni to look behind him while walking backwards. Besides, Mr. Bastoni is carrying a backpack with some clothes and a little food. He is planning on buying more meals from restaurants along the way. He has been sleeping at police stations, security posts, and even strangers homes during the trip. His plan is to cover about 19 miles a day. In early August he was in Sragen -- about 100 miles from his home. It's not clear whether Mr. Bastoni is still on track to arrive in Jakarta by August 17.